CN110709611A - 用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置 - Google Patents

用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置 Download PDF

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CN110709611A
CN110709611A CN201880034788.4A CN201880034788A CN110709611A CN 110709611 A CN110709611 A CN 110709611A CN 201880034788 A CN201880034788 A CN 201880034788A CN 110709611 A CN110709611 A CN 110709611A
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rolling bearing
inner ring
sensor element
outer ring
bearing device
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贝内迪克特·诺伊格鲍尔
延斯·海姆
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/522Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/525Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0004Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0009Force sensors associated with a bearing
    • G01L5/0019Force sensors associated with a bearing by using strain gages, piezoelectric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2233/00Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31Wind motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于风力设施的传动装置(2)的滚动轴承装置(1),其包括滚动轴承(3),所述滚动轴承具有外环(4)、内环(5)和多个在外环(4)和内环(5)之间滚动的滚动体(6),其中外环(4)和/或内环(5)具有至少一个传感器元件(9)用于检测和监控状态变量,其中至少一个传感器元件(6)包括测力螺栓(7),所述测力螺栓具有至少一个应变片(8),其中至少一个传感器元件(9)直接定位在状态变量的力线路径中,其中状态变量是滚动轴承(3)的至少一个轴承预紧力。

Description

用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置,所述传动装置尤其设为用于风力设施,所述滚动轴承装置包括滚动轴承,所述滚动轴承具有外环、内环和多个在外环和内环之间滚动的滚动体,其中外环和/或内环具有至少一个传感器元件,用于检测和监控状态变量。本发明还涉及一种风力设施,所述风力设施具有上述滚动轴承装置,以及一种滚动轴承装置在风力设施中的应用。
背景技术
在风能设施的传动装置中,为了对传动装置元件进行状态监控使用用于测量不同的状态变量、例如振动、温度和转速的传感器。传感器通常安置在传动装置壳体上的可良好接近的部位上并且借助线缆连接于评估装置,在所述评估装置中继续处理信号。
从DE 10 2011 087 471 A1中已知具有材料凹部和材料元件的构件,所述材料原件包含至少一个传感器。材料元件力配合地压入到材料凹部中并且与材料凹部至少一侧齐平。传感器设为用于,测量作用于构件的力和尤其构件的变形。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,发展用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置。
所述目的根据本发明通过独立权利要求1的特征来实现。有利的设计方案从相应的从属权利要求、说明书和附图中得出。
根据本发明的用于风力设施的传动装置的滚动轴承装置包括滚动轴承,所述滚动轴承具有外环、内环和多个在外环和内环之间滚动的滚动体,其中外环和/或内环具有用于检测和监控状态变量的至少一个传感器元件,其中至少一个传感器元件包括具有至少一个应变片的测力螺栓,其中至少一个传感器元件直接定位在状态变量的力线路径中,其中状态变量是滚动轴承的至少一个轴承预紧力。
传感器元件的测力螺栓优选机械地制成并且优选地由金属材料构成。金属材料尤其具有与内环和/或外环的材料相同的膨胀系数。因此,金属材料优选是轴承钢。此外,测力螺栓例如柱形地构成,其中也能够考虑替选的几何形状。至少一个应变片例如粘贴到测力螺栓的限定的表面上或者借助于涂层涂覆,其中至少一个应变片例如设置在测力螺栓的端面和/或侧面上。通过设置在测力螺栓的侧面上的应变片例如可以测量温度感生的电阻变化。设置在测力螺栓的端面上的应变片例如可以测量由于锻压而应变感生的电阻变化。
根据本发明的滚动轴承装置替选地也可以设为用于主支承装置,尤其用于轴的主支承装置。滚动轴承尤其构成为圆锥滚子轴承。此外,但是滚动轴承也可以构成为滚柱轴承或其他滚动轴承。
通过在运行期间永久地或间歇性地检测测力螺栓的传感器测量值,例如可以推断出滚动轴承装置的当前存在的预紧力。因此,测力螺栓的传感器测量值是用于轴承预紧力的量值。轴承预紧力有时是用于滚动轴承的使用寿命的影响参数。例如,在轴承运行期间在将实际出现的轴承预紧力包括在内的情况下能执行使用寿命计算,并且进行关于面临的轴承损害的持续更新的诊断。
术语力线路径描述引入到滚动轴承装置的轴承系统中的预紧力的变化曲线,所述预紧力例如通过拧紧轴承环上的螺丝产生。预紧力支撑在传动装置的壳体上,其中至少一个传感器元件径向地设置在预紧的构件之一、例如内环、外环或调整环上,以便探测应变感生的电阻变化。预紧力此外可以支撑在滚动轴承装置的周边结构、例如轴或轴承壳体上。替选地,传感器元件可以设置在滚动轴承装置的另一预紧的构件上。
优选地,至少一个传感器元件至少部分地容纳在内环的和/或外环的相应的径向的留空部中。留空部与测力螺栓的几何形状互补地构成,使得在引入到留空部中的测力螺栓和留空部的内壁部之间形成力配合的和形状配合的连接。替选地,测力螺栓能形状配合地粘入到留空部中。
优选地,相应的留空部在内环的内环周面上构成。有利的是至少一个应变片至信号处理设备或接收器的简化的线缆引导,用于传送测量的数据。传送可以有线地或也无线地进行。在无线传送的情况下,应变片的供能例如可以借助于可再充电的电池或所谓的能量收集进行。例如,在能量收集的情况下从振动、空气流动、旋转能量、温度差或光中产生能量。替选地,能量供应也可以电感式地或电容式地进行。
此外优选地,具有相应的在其中容纳的传感器元件的三个留空部均匀分布地构成在内环和/或外环的环周面上。换言之,具有相应的在其中容纳的传感器元件的留空部相互间以120°的角度均匀分布地构成在内环和/或外环的环周上。此外也可以考虑,更多的或更少的传感器元件在内环和/或外环的环周面上均匀地或不均匀地分布。
在另一优选的实施方式中,至少一个传感器元件设置在调整环上。优选地,调整环具有相应的径向构成的凹部,用于至少部分地容纳至少一个传感器元件。调整环轴向地贴靠在滚动轴承、尤其内环或外环上,并且可以拧紧以产生预紧力。借助在调整环中设置的传感器元件,例如可以测量和监控轴承预紧力。
本发明包括如下技术教导,至少一个应变片通过涂层构成。尤其地,应变片构成为薄层传感器,所述薄层传感器优选通过附加地施加到应变片上的保护层被保护以免受机械影响。用于构成应变片的涂层例如借助于激光加工。
优选地,外环和/或内环具有至少两个传感器元件以进行温度补偿。温度补偿直接在测力螺栓上进行。例如,通过将应变片设置在测力螺栓的端面和侧面上和应变片在半桥中的共同的布线,可以排除通过温度影响引起的干扰。
附图说明
下面根据三个附图详细阐述本发明的两个优选的实施例,在所述附图中相同的或相似的元件设有相同的附图标记。在此示出:
图1示出根据第一实施例的部分示出的传动装置的简化的示意性的剖面图,所述传动装置具有根据本发明的用于检测和监控轴承系统的设备,
图2示出根据本发明的传感器元件的示意性的立体图,和
图3示出根据第二实施例的部分示出的传动装置的简化的示意性的剖面图,所述传动装置具有根据本发明的用于检测和监控轴承系统的设备。
具体实施方式
根据图1,根据第一实施方式的用于——在此未示出的——风力设施的传动装置的根据本发明的滚动轴承装置1包括滚动轴承3,所述滚动轴承具有外环4、内环5和多个在外环4和内环5之间滚动的滚动体6。内环5具有用于检测和监控状态变量的传感器元件9。传感器元件9直接定位在状态变量的力线路径中,其中状态变量是内环5的预紧力。传感器元件9容纳在内环5的径向留空部10中,其中留空部10在内环5的内环周面上构成。替选地或补充地,传感器元件9也设置在滚动轴承3的外环4上,其中传感器元件9检测外环4的预紧力。
根据图2,传感器元件9包括带有两个应变片8的测力螺栓7。应变片8是薄层传感器并且构成为测力螺栓7上的涂层。测力螺栓7柱形地构成,其中在图1中示出的留空部10与测力螺栓7互补地构成。两个应变片8中的一个设置在测力螺栓7的端面13上,其中另一应变片8设置在测力螺栓7的环周面14上。
在图3中示出滚动轴承装置1的第二实施方式,其中传感器元件9设置在调整环11上,并且其中传感器元件9径向地引入到调整环11的凹部12中。调整环11轴向地贴靠在滚动轴承3的内环5上并且借助于螺丝15轴向地预紧。替选地,传感器元件9可以用于,测量在滚动轴承3中、尤其在内环5和/或外环4上的轴承预紧力。
本发明不局限于在上文中描述的实施例。其他的实施例或扩展变型可能性尤其从权利要求和说明书中得出。
附图标记列表:
1 滚动轴承装置
2 传动装置
3 滚动轴承
4 外环
5 内环
6 滚动体
7 测力螺栓
8 应变片
9 传感器元件
10 留空部
11 调整环
12 凹部
13 端面
14 环周面
15 螺丝

Claims (8)

1.一种用于风力设施的传动装置(2)的滚动轴承装置(1),包括滚动轴承(3),所述滚动轴承具有外环(4)、内环(5)和多个在外环(4)和内环(5)之间滚动的滚动体(6),其中所述外环(4)和/或所述内环(5)具有至少一个传感器元件(9)用于检测和监控状态变量,其中所述至少一个传感器元件(6)包括测力螺栓(7),所述测力螺栓具有至少一个应变片(8),
其中所述至少一个传感器元件(9)直接定位在所述状态变量的力线路径中,其中所述状态变量是所述滚动轴承(3)的至少一个轴承预紧力,
并且其中所述至少一个传感器元件(9)至少部分地容纳在所述内环(5)和/或所述外环(4)的相应的径向留空部(10)中,
或者其中所述至少一个传感器元件(9)设置在调整环(11)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承装置(1),
其特征在于,
相应的留空部(10)构成在所述内环(5)的内环周面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承装置(1),
其特征在于,
三个留空部(10)均匀分布地构成在所述内环(5)的和/或所述外环(4)的环周面上,其中三个留空部具有相应的在其中容纳的传感器元件(9)。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承装置(1),
其特征在于,
所述调整环(11)具有相应的径向构成的凹部(12),用于至少部分地容纳所述至少一个传感器元件(9)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承装置(1),
其特征在于,
所述至少一个应变片(8)通过涂层构成。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的滚动轴承装置(1),
其特征在于,
所述外环(4)和/或所述内环(5)具有用于温度补偿的至少两个传感器元件(9)。
7.一种风力设施,包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的滚动轴承装置(1)。
8.一种根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的滚动轴承装置(1)在风力设施中的应用。
CN201880034788.4A 2017-05-30 2018-04-11 用于传动装置的滚动轴承装置 Pending CN110709611A (zh)

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PCT/DE2018/100332 WO2018219379A1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-04-11 Wälzlageranordnung für ein getriebe

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