CN110705790A - Residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method - Google Patents
Residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method, which comprises the steps of selecting building form factors influencing the building solar heating potential, and determining the solar resource intensity level of a solar heating potential area of a building to be evaluated; the large data volume simulation analysis is carried out on the heat gain quantity and the heat loss quantity of the buildings under different building form element sizes, and the solar heating potential values of the buildings corresponding to different building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels are determined; setting the sizes of different building form elements and corresponding building solar heating potential values thereof as independent variables and dependent variables respectively, and performing fitting regression to obtain building solar heating potential functions based on the building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels; and optimizing the building structure design to be optimized by using the solar heating potential function obtained in the third step, so that the heating potential function corresponding to the optimized building structure design scheme is the maximum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building energy-saving technology and design, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating and optimizing solar heating potential of residential buildings.
Background
The reasonable utilization of solar energy for building heating can improve the energy utilization efficiency and reduce the winter heating energy consumption of buildings. In order to effectively quantify the utilization performance of the heating building on solar energy and guide the energy-saving building to follow in the design process, the solar heating potential of the building needs to be determined.
The evaluation, research and practice work aiming at the solar heating potential of buildings begins in the last century.
In the 1983, Balcomb (reference: Balcomb. guiding elements for maintaining levels and for adjusting passive-solar collection area [ C ]// Milford Event Meeting,1983.) in "Milford Event Meeting" researches the applicability of passive solar heating technology in the United states, the limit values of elements such as thermal resistance, heat collection area, building plane and the like of building materials suitable for local passive solar rooms are established according to the climatic characteristics and the building level, and the solar building heating potential (SHF) "is also provided, wherein the limit value refers to the proportion of heating energy sources required to be provided by the passive solar rooms besides the action of solar radiation. In the solar engineering thermal process, Duffee and Beckman (references: Duffee J A, Beckman W A. solar engineering of thermal processes [ M ]. Florida: A solar-Interscience, 1980.) propose the use of "solar potential (Fc)" as a new method for evaluating the solar heating efficiency of a building, which is the ratio of the solar radiation heat gain of the building to the heating energy needed without external windows in the case of external windows. Although it can be seen from the definition and calculation method that the solar building heating potential (SHF) and the solar potential (Fc) are developed around the solar radiation heat-obtaining effect of the building and the heating energy source required by the building, there are some differences. "solar potential (Fc)" when calculating the amount of heating required for a building, the building exterior wall is assumed to be a solid building envelope, that is, the building does not have natural ventilation. In actual buildings, ventilation is required by general standards, and cold air permeation is generated in building rooms due to defects of manufacturing and construction processes of external windows. The amount of heating required for a building without an exterior window is therefore typically less than practical and results in a "solar potential (Fc)" greater than the solar heating efficiency of the actual building. In contrast, "solar building heating potential (SHF)" considers the natural ventilation of the building, so the calculation results are closer to the actual situation. There is also research (refer to Ted Kesik, William O' Brien. Feasible Upper buildings and materials of Passive Space Heating and construction by ceiling Zone [ J ]. Proceedings of the eSim2014 Building Performance Simulation Conference,2014.) to indicate that the Building energy changes and energy saving level can be finely and comprehensively reflected with the progress of Building dynamic energy consumption Simulation technology. But the optimization process of the building solar heating efficiency can still be completed through mathematical derivation. Therefore, in order to optimize the solar heat utilization efficiency of a 300m2 two-storey residential building, a passive heating Potential (PSHE) is proposed based on a solar building heating potential (SHF), and the index refers to the ratio of the solar heating potential of an actual building project to the solar building heating potential under an ideal condition.
In recent years, in order to fully utilize new energy resources, vigorously popularize and innovate a passive heating technology, the passive solar building technical specification JGJ/T267-2012 is formulated in China (reference document: housing of the people's republic of China and Ministry of urban and rural construction. JGJ/T267-2012[ M ]. Beijing: Chinese building industry publishing Co., Ltd., 2012.) and the solar contribution rate (f), the construction and operation cost and the investment recovery year limit are taken as main bases for evaluating the performance of the passive solar house, wherein the solar contribution rate (f) refers to the percentage of solar energy heat in the heat supply load of the solar building. Later, as the development of green buildings is continuously promoted in China, in order to reasonably evaluate the heating efficiency level of the passive solar house, a scholars puts forward a concept of 'relative solar contribution rate (f') 'based on' solar contribution rate (f) ', and the index refers to the ratio of the solar contribution rate of an actual building to the standard solar contribution rate specified in' passive solar building technical specification 'JGJ/T267-2012'.
The technical background at home and abroad is analyzed to find that: 1) the method for evaluating the solar heating potential of the building relates to the heat transfer process and the change condition of the building, and for architects, the influence of heat on building energy conservation cannot be intuitively understood due to the lack of professional knowledge on the thermal engineering of the building. Meanwhile, dynamic energy consumption simulation software is mostly used for analysis in the building solar heating potential evaluation process, and operators of the software also need certain theoretical accumulation. Therefore, architects are difficult to master the building solar heating potential evaluation method rapidly, building design and building solar heat utilization theory cannot be organically combined, and the method falls into practice. 2) In order to improve the solar heating potential of buildings, most of the technologies mainly aim at optimizing the building construction and the specific method for discussion, and the building concept design and scheme stage generally do not relate to a detailed construction form. Although the relationship between building space and building solar heating potential has been discussed in a few techniques, detailed and quantitative relationship functions have not been established. Therefore, the technical result lacks accurate design guidance for the early stage of building design. 3) The proposed process or practical application of part of solar heating potential evaluation methods mainly aims at rural residences, so that the method mainly aims at low floors. At present, the urban updating speed of China is continuously accelerated, and the existing residential buildings are large in quantity, and the buildings usually belong to multi-storey or high-rise residences. The method for evaluating the solar heating potential of the rural building and the design strategy are applied to the urban building, so that the construction quality is reduced on one hand, and the indoor thermal comfort is reduced on the other hand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating and optimizing solar heating potential of residential buildings, and aims to solve the problem that no solar heating optimization method specially for urban high-rise buildings exists in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting building form factors influencing the solar heating potential of a building, and determining the solar resource intensity level of a solar heating potential area of the building to be evaluated;
the second step is that: the large data volume simulation analysis of the heat gain and heat loss of the buildings under 64 different building form element sizes determines the solar heating potential values of the buildings corresponding to different building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels;
the third step: setting different building form element sizes and building solar heating potential values corresponding to the different building form element sizes as independent variables and dependent variables respectively, and obtaining a building solar heating potential function based on the building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels by fitting regression, wherein the larger the solar heating potential function is, the larger the solar heating potential is;
the fourth step: optimizing the building structure design to be optimized by using the solar heating potential function obtained in the third step, so that the heating potential function corresponding to the optimized building structure design scheme is the maximum; and constructing according to the optimized building design scheme, so that the building solar heating potential obtained according to the optimized building scheme is the maximum.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, the bedroom is horizontally arranged in the south direction, the south-direction face width of the building is increased, the depth of a toilet and a kitchen in the north direction of the building is reduced, and the living room is arranged in the east direction or the west direction.
Furthermore, in the first step, the architectural form factors influencing the solar heating potential of the building are as follows: aspect ratio, south-to-south window-wall ratio; the height-width ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building depth, the height-length ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building face width, and the south window-wall ratio is the ratio of the area of the south window opening to the area of the south enclosure structure.
Further, in the first step, the evaluation of the intensity level of the solar resource is done by a solar resource partition map.
Furthermore, in the second step, the height-width ratio, the height-length ratio and the south window-wall ratio of the building are set as factors, the size change condition of each building form element is set as a level, large-data-volume simulation analysis is carried out through an orthogonal test method on the heat gain and the heat loss of the building under different building form element sizes, and a combination scheme among different building form element sizes is clarified.
Further, dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is carried out on the basis of a combination scheme among different building form element sizes.
Furthermore, the time period of the dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis selects the whole day of the winter solstice with the shortest sunshine duration in one year, the indoor space of the physical model of the dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is simplified into a whole for analysis, and the specific internal division is not considered.
Further, the heat gain and heat loss of the building are as follows: the heat gain of building solar radiation and the total heat loss of the building when the indoor temperature is 14 ℃.
Further, in the second step, the method for calculating the building solar heating potential value A% comprises the following steps:
in the formula: qcgThe solar radiation provided to the room for the solar heat collecting member is kJ;
Qobthe solar radiation quantity transmitted to the indoor by the rest of the enclosing structures except the solar heat collecting component is kJ;
Q14the total heat loss of the building when the indoor temperature reaches 14 ℃ is expressed in kJ.
Further, in the third step, the building solar heating potential function Ak% calculated as follows:
in the formula: x is the number of1-building aspect ratio;
x2-building height to length ratio;
x3-building south window-wall ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method of the invention specially aims at the early stage of building design, develops the evaluation of the building solar heating potential by the angle of the building form element, and can control the energy conservation of the whole life cycle of the building at the beginning of the building design;
2. the method is simple and effective, and the presented evaluation mode of the building solar heating potential is a mathematical function. When the architect uses the building solar heating potential function provided by the invention, the building heat change does not need to be considered, and the building solar heating potential can be determined without using dynamic energy consumption simulation software;
3. the method has the advantages that the evaluation result is economic and feasible, engineering is considered, meanwhile, from the perspective of human thermal comfort, the indoor temperature in the building solar heating potential evaluation is set to be 14 ℃ finally, and the economic and feasible evaluation result is ensured;
4. the method can intuitively reflect the solar heating potential of the building and provide an accurate index for optimizing energy conservation of the building.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a functional layout of a karsh to-be-optimized building;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a functional layout of a karsh-optimized building.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
A residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and selecting building form factors influencing the building solar heating potential, and determining the solar resource intensity level of the area to be evaluated for the building solar heating potential.
Wherein:
1) through a large amount of analysis, the building form factors influencing the solar heating potential of the building are as follows: aspect ratio, south-to-south wall ratio. The height-width ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building depth, the height-length ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building face width, and the south window-wall ratio is the ratio of the area of the south window opening to the area of the south enclosure structure.
2) The evaluation of the intensity level of the solar energy resource can be completed through the distribution rule of the solar energy resource.
The second step is that: and (3) simulating and analyzing the heat gain and heat loss of the buildings under different building form element sizes by using a large data volume. Thus, building solar heating potential values corresponding to different building body element sizes under different solar resource strength levels are determined.
Wherein: 1) the technical support for large data volume simulation analysis lies in the orthogonal test. The building solar heating potential is determined by multiple building form elements under the mutual interaction, in order to evaluate the building solar heating potential based on the building form elements, the combination schemes among different building form element sizes are determined through orthogonal tests, dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is carried out on the basis of the schemes, and the formed result can comprehensively reflect the influence of the building form on the building solar heating potential. In the orthogonal test design, the aspect ratio, the height-length ratio and the south window-wall ratio of the building are set as factors, and the size change condition of each building form element is set as a level.
2) And the dynamic energy consumption simulation software selects DesignBuilder. The simulation analysis time period selects the whole day of the winter solstice day (12 months and 22 days) with the shortest sunshine hours in one year. The building window wall ratio of the building structure and other orientations except the south of the building structure of the physical model during dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is the same as the national standard, the atlas making method and the limit value. Meanwhile, uncertainty exists in the indoor space combination in the early stage of the building design, the indoor space of the physical model is simplified into a whole to be analyzed, and specific internal division is not considered.
3) The heat gain and heat loss of the building obtained by simulation analysis are as follows: the heat gain of building solar radiation and the total heat loss of the building when the indoor temperature is 14 ℃.
4) The building solar heating potential value is the proportion of the heating amount supplied to the building by solar energy to the total heating amount required by the building, so the calculation method comprises the following steps:
in the formula QcgThe amount of solar radiation, kJ, provided to the room for the solar energy collecting member; qobThe solar radiation quantity kJ transmitted to the indoor by other enclosing structures except the solar heat collecting component; q14 is the total heat loss of the building, kJ, when the indoor temperature reaches 14 ℃.
The third step: and respectively setting the sizes of the different building form elements and the building solar heating potential values corresponding to the different building form elements as independent variables and dependent variables, and fitting regression to obtain building solar heating potential functions based on the building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels.
The method of the invention is verified by the following examples.
The method takes engineering design projects in karsch regions of the Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang as an embodiment, and the solar heating potential of the building at the scheme stage needs to be optimized locally. The building functional layout to be optimized is shown in fig. 2, the number of building floors is 9, the window-wall ratio in the south direction, the east direction and the west direction is 0.350, the window-wall ratio in the north direction is 0.300, and the height-width ratio and the height-length ratio are respectively as follows: 0.209 × 0.281.
The first step is as follows: through a large number of analyses, the main building form factors clearly influencing the building solar heating potential are respectively: aspect ratio, south-to-south wall ratio. The calculation method is as shown in the formula 1-3. Meanwhile, according to the related technology (reference: Wangzhen, China solar energy utilization division [ J ]. solar energy academy, 1983,4(03): 221-.
The second step is that: 1) and carrying out orthogonal design on the size change of the building form element. The factors and levels in the orthogonal test are set as shown in Table 1, and the orthogonal test results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from table 2, the building solar heating potential under 64 different building form element sizes needs to be simulated and analyzed to clarify the effect of the local building form element on the building solar heating efficiency. 2) The 64 test models in table 2 are respectively input into the design builder to perform dynamic energy consumption simulation (before simulation analysis, since karsh is a cold region, the physical model structure is set according to the cold region structure, and the east, west and north window wall ratios are set according to the building to be optimized. In order to avoid the external disturbance effect and reflect the solar heating potential of most floors, the simulation result output floor is set as the 5 th floor. Meanwhile, when the working condition of the physical model heating equipment is set, in order to reflect the heat change of the building at the indoor temperature of 14 ℃, when the indoor temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the active heating equipment is started, and when the indoor temperature is higher than 14 ℃, the active heating equipment is closed). After simulation, each physical model can obtain the solar radiation gain amount in the whole day and the building envelope heat loss amount in the whole day (winter solstice day) from the design builder simulation analysis result (thermal equilibrium diagram), wherein the former is the solar radiation heat gain amount, and the sum of the heat loss amounts of the building envelopes in the latter is the total heat loss amount of the building when the indoor temperature reaches 14 ℃. 3) The building solar heating potential value of each physical model is calculated according to the heat change values, and the calculation result is shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 orthogonal test factors and levels
TABLE 2 results of orthogonal experiments
TABLE 3 solar heating potential value of each model building
The third step: the building form element size (table 2) and the building solar heating potential (table 3) corresponding thereto of each physical model were set to x1, x2, x3, and y, respectively. Inputting the independent variables and dependent variables into 1-stop nonlinear curve fitting and comprehensive Optimization analysis computing software, and performing fitting regression analysis on a simulation result, wherein the fitting algorithm adopts an LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) method and a Universal Global Optimization algorithm (Universal Global Optimization). And finally fitting a regression to obtain a building solar heating potential function based on the building shape elements, wherein the fitting goodness R2 is 0.8705 as shown in formula 4. . Since the karsh area is in the band with rich solar energy resource intensity, the influence of the building form factors in the function form of the formula 4 on the building solar heating potential is also suitable for other areas with strong solar radiation.
Where x 1-building aspect ratio;
x 2-building height to length ratio;
x 3-architecture southward window-wall ratio;
ak% -the solar heating potential of the winter-solstice karsch building, in units of%.
The fourth step: the solar heating potential of the Kash waiting optimization building is 54% calculated by the formula 4. The karshi increases the building aspect ratio, reduces the building height-length ratio and can effectively promote building solar heating potential, but it is better to increase the aspect ratio effect. Therefore, the method for improving the solar heating potential of the building in the area comprises the following steps: firstly, it is necessary to ensure that the building body has a short depth, and then, the building face width is increased under the condition allowed by the field. In order to enable the building to obtain more solar radiation in the daytime, the south window wall ratio of the building is preferably set to be 0.600 or 0.700, and meanwhile, the temperature difference between day and night outside the karsh room is considered to be large, so that measures such as a heat-insulating curtain are required to be adopted to control the heat loss of the building at night on the premise that the south window wall ratio is large.
According to the design principle, in the optimized building, the bedroom is transversely arranged in the south direction, the south-direction face width of the building is ensured to be larger, the depths of a northern toilet and a kitchen are compressed on the premise of convenient use, and the living room is arranged in the east direction (the west direction), so that the shape element size of the whole building is ensured to meet the heating requirement. The calculated building aspect ratio is 0.290 and the height to length ratio is 0.200. When the south window-wall ratio of the building is 0.600, the solar heating potential of the building can be improved to 68% according to the calculation of the formula 4; when the south window-wall ratio is 0.700, the solar heating potential of the building can be improved to 72 percent. The optimized building function layout is shown in figure 3.
According to practice, the method takes large data volume simulation analysis as a means, obtains the change conditions of the heat gain and the heat loss of the building under different building form element sizes under different solar resource intensity levels, and finally obtains the building solar heating potential function based on the building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels through a fitting regression mode. Aiming at the early stage of building design, an architect can complete the solar heating potential evaluation and comparison and selection work of a building scheme only by using the building solar heating potential function provided by the invention without the help of complicated heat transfer functions and dynamic energy consumption simulation software. Meanwhile, the building solar heating potential function can be patterned, the influence of the size change of the building body elements on the building solar heating potential is further determined, the building scheme is optimized, the building solar heating potential is effectively improved, and the energy conservation trend of the building in the whole life cycle is controlled from the source.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting building form factors influencing the solar heating potential of a building, and determining the solar resource intensity level of a solar heating potential area of the building to be evaluated;
the second step is that: the large data volume simulation analysis is carried out on the heat gain quantity and the heat loss quantity of the buildings under different building form element sizes, and the solar heating potential values of the buildings corresponding to different building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels are determined;
the third step: setting different building form element sizes and building solar heating potential values corresponding to the different building form element sizes as independent variables and dependent variables respectively, and obtaining a building solar heating potential function based on the building form elements under different solar resource intensity levels by fitting regression, wherein the larger the solar heating potential function is, the larger the solar heating potential is;
the fourth step: and optimizing the building structure design to be optimized by using the solar heating potential function obtained in the third step, so that the heating potential function corresponding to the optimized building structure design scheme is the maximum.
2. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the optimization scheme is as follows: the bedroom is horizontally arranged in the south direction, the south-direction face width of the building is increased, the depth of a north-direction toilet and a kitchen of the building is reduced, and the living room is arranged in the east direction or the west direction.
3. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the architectural shape elements affecting the solar heating potential of the building are as follows: aspect ratio, south-to-south window-wall ratio; the height-width ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building depth, the height-length ratio is the ratio of the net height of the building floor to the building face width, and the south window-wall ratio is the ratio of the area of the south window opening to the area of the south enclosure structure.
4. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the evaluation of the solar resource intensity level is completed through a solar resource partition map.
5. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the building aspect ratio, the height-to-length ratio and the south-direction window-wall ratio are set as factors, the size change situation of each building form element is set as a level, and the large data volume simulation analysis is performed through an orthogonal test method to analyze the heat gain and the heat loss of the building under different building form element sizes, and to clarify the combination scheme among the different building form element sizes.
6. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 5, wherein the dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is performed based on a combination scheme between different building form element sizes.
7. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 5, wherein the time period of the dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis selects the whole day of the winter solstice day with the shortest sunshine duration in one year, and the indoor space of the physical model of the dynamic energy consumption simulation analysis is simplified into a whole for analysis without considering specific internal division.
8. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 5, wherein the heat gain and heat loss of the building are as follows: the heat gain of building solar radiation and the total heat loss of the building when the indoor temperature is 14 ℃.
9. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the calculation method of the building solar heating potential value A% comprises the following steps:
in the formula: qcgThe solar radiation provided to the room for the solar heat collecting member is kJ;
Qobthe solar radiation quantity transmitted to the indoor by the rest of the enclosing structures except the solar heat collecting component is kJ;
Q14the total heat loss of the building when the indoor temperature reaches 14 ℃ is expressed in kJ.
10. The residential building solar heating potential evaluation and optimization method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the building solar heating potential function Ak% calculated as follows:
in the formula: x is the number of1-building aspect ratio;
x2-building height to length ratio;
x3-building south window-wall ratio.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112580130A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-30 | 西北工业大学 | Building solar potential rose diagram drawing method |
| CN112580130B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-09 | 西北工业大学 | Construction solar potential rose drawing method |
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