CN110699619A - Cryogenic treatment process for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material - Google Patents
Cryogenic treatment process for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110699619A CN110699619A CN201911098308.3A CN201911098308A CN110699619A CN 110699619 A CN110699619 A CN 110699619A CN 201911098308 A CN201911098308 A CN 201911098308A CN 110699619 A CN110699619 A CN 110699619A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cryogenic treatment process of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material, belonging to the technical field of heat treatment of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston materials. The invention utilizes the mode of combining long-time cryogenic treatment and short-time cryogenic treatment to treat the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material. The invention has the following advantages: the strength and the hardness of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy can be effectively improved, and the eutectic silicon structure is refined; the treatment process provided by the invention is economical and convenient and has high treatment efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material, in particular to a cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material.
Background
Hypoeutectic and eutectic silicon-aluminum alloys are widely used in the production of pistons for automobiles and motorcycles. However, the fatal problems of hypoeutectic and eutectic silicon-aluminum alloy in practical application are that the size stability of a piston is poor, the anti-seizure load capacity is poor, and the irreversible expansion of the volume is generated at high temperature so as to cause the phenomenon of 'cylinder seizure', so that an engine cannot normally work. On the basis of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, the high-silicon hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is obtained by increasing the Si content, the high-temperature mechanical property, the wear resistance, the dimensional stability and the seizure resistance of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy are greatly improved, but the requirement of stable work of a piston cannot be met.
According to the cryogenic treatment process provided by the invention, the strength and hardness of the material are effectively improved by carrying out cryogenic treatment on the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material for multiple times.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cryogenic treatment process of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material, which can effectively improve the strength and hardness of the material, aiming at solving the technical problem that the existing hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material cannot meet the requirement of stable operation of a piston.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a cryogenic treatment process for a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material in a programmable temperature control device at the temperature of-120 ℃ to-110 ℃ for slow cooling for 20min to 30 min;
step 2: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen to carry out cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ to-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 30 min;
and step 3: directly taking out the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material from liquid nitrogen, placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material in a programmable temperature control device with the initial temperature of-120 to-110 ℃, slowly heating to 25 ℃, wherein the heating speed is 3 ℃/min to 4.5 ℃/min; then standing for 20 min-30 min at 25 ℃;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 1 to the step 3 for one time;
and 5: repeating the step 1 once;
step 6: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen to carry out cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ to-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 12 hours;
and 7: repeating the step 3;
and 8: and (3) placing the workpiece in a muffle furnace with the set control temperature of 200 ℃ for tempering for 1h to eliminate stress, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The material treated by the process is hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The cryogenic treatment equipment used in the step 2 and the step 6 in the process is an upper opening type vacuum heat insulation container with a volume of 30 liters, the heat insulation mode is a high-vacuum multi-layer multi-screen heat insulation mode, and liquid nitrogen is located in the cryogenic treatment equipment.
The muffle furnace used in the step 8 is a program-controlled heating muffle furnace, the control precision is +/-1 ℃, and the rated maximum heating temperature is 1600 ℃.
The temperature range of the programmable temperature control device used in the steps 1 and 3 is-130 ℃ to 150 ℃, the maximum temperature rise speed is 5 ℃/min, the maximum temperature reduction speed is 3 ℃/min, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can effectively improve the strength and the hardness of the hypereutectic aluminum alloy and refine the eutectic silicon structure.
2. The treatment process provided by the invention is economical and convenient and has high treatment efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the tensile condition of a sample treated by the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material and an untreated sample.
FIG. 2 is a 500 times enlarged gold phase diagram of a sample treated by the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material and an untreated sample.
FIG. 3 is a 5000 times magnified gold phase diagram of a sample treated by the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material and an untreated sample.
FIG. 4 shows the hardness of a sample treated by the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material and the hardness of an untreated sample.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a cryogenic treatment process for a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the cryogenic treatment process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material is further described below by combining the attached drawings.
In order to compare the effects of the process recorded by the invention, different samples are made of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston materials of the same batch, and the samples are divided into two groups, one group is an experimental group, and the other group is a control group, wherein the experimental group is treated according to the cryogenic treatment process of the invention, and the control group is not treated; the samples were prepared and labeled as follows: two groups of tensile samples, two groups of metallographic samples and two groups of hardness samples are taken from the same batch of cast finished products, the tensile samples are processed into phi 5mm multiplied by 50mm standard tensile test bars, each group comprises three tensile test bars, the experimental groups are respectively numbered as Ta1, Ta2 and Ta3, and the comparison groups are respectively numbered as Tb1, Tb2 and Tb 3; processing a metallographic experiment into cylinders with the diameter of 18mm multiplied by 30mm, wherein each group is provided with one sample, the number of the sample in the experimental group is Ja, and the number of the sample in the control group is Jb; the hardness test pieces were processed into a cylindrical shape of 18mm in diameter by 30mm in diameter, one for each group, and the test piece was numbered BYa for the experimental group and BYb for the control group.
Example 1: a cryogenic treatment process for a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: slowly cooling the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material for 30min in a programmable temperature control device with the temperature of-120 ℃;
step 2: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 30 min;
and step 3: directly taking out the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material from liquid nitrogen, placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material in a programmable temperature control device with the initial temperature of-120-DEG C, slowly heating to 25 ℃, and heating at the speed of 3 ℃/min; standing at 25 deg.C for 30 min;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 1 to the step 3 for one time;
and 5: repeating the step 1 once;
step 6: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen for cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 12 hours;
and 7: repeating the step 3;
and 8: and (3) placing the workpiece in a muffle furnace with the set control temperature of 200 ℃ for tempering for 1h to eliminate stress, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The material treated by the process is hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The cryogenic treatment equipment used in the step 2 and the step 6 in the process is an upper opening type vacuum heat insulation container with a volume of 30 liters, the heat insulation mode is a high-vacuum multi-layer multi-screen heat insulation mode, and liquid nitrogen is located in the cryogenic treatment equipment.
The muffle furnace used in the step 8 is a program-controlled heating muffle furnace, the control precision is +/-1 ℃, and the rated maximum heating temperature is 1600 ℃.
The temperature range of the programmable temperature control device used in the steps 1 and 3 is-130 ℃ to 150 ℃, the maximum temperature rise speed is 5 ℃/min, the maximum temperature reduction speed is 3 ℃/min, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃.
The material of the experimental group was treated according to the process of example 1, the material of the control group was not treated at all, and then the mechanical parameters and the metallographic phase of the material of the experimental group and the control group were measured respectively, wherein in the tensile test, three samples of the same group were measured respectively, and then the average value was taken.
FIG. 1 shows the tensile conditions of the experimental group material and the comparative group material, and it can be seen from the drawing that the strength of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material is improved to a certain extent after the cryogenic treatment by the process provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the metallographic phase of the experimental group material and the comparative group material amplified by 500 times, wherein the metallographic phase of the comparative group material is on the left side, and the metallographic phase of the experimental group material is on the right side.
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic phase of the experimental group material and the comparative group material amplified by 5000 times, wherein the metallographic phase of the comparative group material is on the left side, and the metallographic phase of the experimental group material is on the right side, and it can be seen from the metallographic phase that after the cryogenic treatment by the process provided by the invention, the micro precipitated particles inside the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material structure are obviously increased, and the size of the dendrite is crushed from about 10 μm to about 5 μm.
FIG. 4 shows the hardness of the experimental material and the comparative material, and it can be seen that the hardness of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy piston material is improved to a certain extent after the cryogenic treatment by the process provided by the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cryogenic treatment process for a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material in a programmable temperature control device at the temperature of-120 ℃ to-110 ℃ for slow cooling for 20min to 30 min;
step 2: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen to carry out cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ to-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 30 min;
and step 3: directly taking out the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material from liquid nitrogen, placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material in a programmable temperature control device with the initial temperature of-120 to-110 ℃, slowly heating to 25 ℃, wherein the heating speed is 3 ℃/min to 4.5 ℃/min; then standing for 20 min-30 min at 25 ℃;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 1 to the step 3 for one time;
and 5: repeating the step 1 once;
step 6: placing the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material into liquid nitrogen to carry out cryogenic treatment by a liquid method, wherein the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ to-160 ℃, and the cooling time is 12 hours;
and 7: repeating the step 3;
and 8: and (3) placing the workpiece in a muffle furnace with the set control temperature of 200 ℃ for tempering for 1h to eliminate stress, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
2. The cryogenic treatment process for a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material treated by the process is a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
3. The cryogenic treatment process for the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material, according to claim 2, characterized in that the cryogenic treatment equipment used in the steps 2 and 6 in the process is an upper-opening vacuum heat-insulating container with a volume of 30 liters, the heat insulation mode is a high-vacuum multi-layer multi-screen heat insulation mode, and liquid nitrogen is located in the cryogenic treatment equipment.
4. The cryogenic treatment process for the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material according to claim 3, wherein the muffle furnace used in the step 8 is a program-controlled heating muffle furnace, the control precision is +/-1 ℃, and the rated maximum heating temperature is 1600 ℃.
5. The cryogenic treatment process for the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy piston material according to claim 4, wherein the temperature range of the programmable temperature control device used in the steps 1 and 3 is-130 ℃ to 150 ℃, the maximum temperature rise speed is 5 ℃/min, the maximum temperature drop speed is 3 ℃/min, and the temperature control precision is +/-1 ℃.
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