CN115138800A - Forging method for obtaining TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness - Google Patents
Forging method for obtaining TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN115138800A CN115138800A CN202210394535.6A CN202210394535A CN115138800A CN 115138800 A CN115138800 A CN 115138800A CN 202210394535 A CN202210394535 A CN 202210394535A CN 115138800 A CN115138800 A CN 115138800A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010275 isothermal forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging method for obtaining a TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness, belonging to the technical field of material science. The process solves the technical key that the TC2 titanium alloy small forging has low impact toughness. Step 1: the blank is kept at the temperature of 20 ℃ below the beta transformation point for a certain time and then is cooled to room temperature by air; step 2: the blank is heat preserved for a certain time at 50-40 ℃ below the beta transformation point, then free forging or die forging is started, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after forging. The process is suitable for TC2 titanium alloy small free forgings and small die forgings (the diameter of a bar used by the small free forgings is smaller than or equal to 100 mm), the microstructure of the obtained forgings contains more than or equal to 15% of strip alpha phase, the longitudinal and transverse impact toughness of the forgings is not lower than 35J/cm, and semi-finished products such as structural parts, disc parts, forging stocks and the like can be manufactured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging method for obtaining a TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness, belonging to the technical field of material science.
Background
The TC2 titanium alloy is a near-alpha type titanium alloy with medium strength and better plasticity, and contains 4% of alpha stabilizing element Al and 1.5% of beta stabilizing element Mn. Research shows that the strip alpha content in the TC2 titanium alloy microstructure has obvious influence on the impact toughness of the TC2 titanium alloy forging, and the impact toughness of the TC2 titanium alloy forging can be improved by increasing the strip alpha content. Generally, the content of the strip alpha in a microstructure of an annealed TC2 titanium alloy small-specification bar (the diameter is less than or equal to 100 mm) is very low (mostly less than or equal to 10%), and the content of the strip alpha in a microstructure of a forged piece produced by adopting the small-specification bar according to a conventional process is also very low (mostly less than or equal to 10%), so that the impact toughness of the TC2 titanium alloy small forged piece is low. The problem of low content of strip alpha in a microstructure is solved, and the problem is a big problem in forging the TC2 titanium alloy small forging.
The TC2 titanium alloy forging is generally carried out at 30-50 ℃ below the transformation point, i.e. T beta- (30-50) DEG C. Due to the lower temperature, only a small amount of the nascent alpha phase is converted to the beta phase during heating. And after the heat preservation time is reached, the blank is discharged from the furnace for forging, and because the specification of the blank is smaller, the blank is rapidly cooled in the contact process of the blank and the die, a small amount of converted beta phase cannot be used for separating out more strip alpha phases, and further strip alpha phases in the microstructure of the forge piece are less.
In order to improve the comprehensive performance, a forging process developed in China is called isothermal forging. The process is generally carried out at 15-25 ℃ below the transformation point, the die used for forging is heated to the same temperature as the blank and kept at the constant temperature in the forging process, and the die is cooled to room temperature after the forging is finished. The process can obviously increase the content of the strip alpha in the microstructure of the forge piece so as to improve the impact toughness, but isothermal forging has special requirements on a die and forging equipment, the die needs to be made of high-temperature alloy, the forging equipment can only select a static pressure machine and needs to be provided with a die heating tool, the production cost is extremely high, most forging plants cannot meet the conditions, and industrialization cannot be realized.
If the free forging or die forging is carried out after the direct heating at 15-25 ℃ below the phase transformation point, the overheating risk of the TC2 titanium alloy forge piece is increased sharply due to the anti-heat phenomenon in the forging process, and the forge piece is scrapped in whole batch due to improper control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a forging method for obtaining a TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness, and mainly solves the technical problem that a microstructure with high strip alpha phase content is obtained by high-temperature heating and air cooling after heating, so that the high impact toughness is obtained.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a forging method for obtaining a TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness comprises the following steps: (1) step 1: heating the blank in a resistance furnace, setting the heating temperature to be 20 ℃ below a beta transformation point, namely Tbeta-20 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time after the furnace reaches the set temperature, wherein the heat preservation time T (min) = eta multiplied by delta max, the delta max (mm) is the maximum section thickness of the blank, the eta is a heating coefficient, the value of the heating coefficient eta of the blank is 1.0-1.2, T (min) is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 120, and cooling the blank to room temperature after the heat preservation time is reached;
(2) Step 2: placing the blank heated in the step 1 in a resistance furnace for heating, wherein the heating temperature is set to be 50-40 ℃ below a beta transformation point, namely T beta- (50-40) DEG C, the furnace calculates the heat preservation time after reaching the set temperature, the heat preservation time T (min) = eta x delta max, the delta max (mm) is the maximum section thickness of the blank, the eta is the heating coefficient, the heating coefficient eta of the blank is 1.0-1.2, the T (min) is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 120, discharging the blank from the furnace for free forging or die forging after reaching the heat preservation time, and air-cooling to room temperature after finishing forging;
(3) And carrying out heat treatment on the machined forged piece.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the highest precision of the adopted resistance furnace is +/-5 ℃, forging equipment can adopt a hammer, a press machine or an oil press, and most forging plants can meet the conditions; 2. the heating temperature before forging is set to be T beta- (50-40) DEG C, the risk of overburning is avoided in the forging process, the method is simple, and the industrial production is easy to realize; 3. the forging piece can obtain a microstructure with the strip alpha phase content of more than or equal to 15 percent, the structure is uniform, the internal defects of the product are few, the product stability is good, the impact property is high, and the product percent of pass is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a blank for run No. 2;
figure 2 microstructure of run No. 1 blank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
1. Measuring the temperature of a transformation point of a TC2 titanium alloy phi 80mm round bar material to be Tbeta =976 +/-3 ℃; two samples with the specification of phi 80 multiplied by 50mm are put, and the samples are respectively numbered as test 1 and test 2;
2. test No. 1 blank was forged in a conventional manner: heating a test material in a resistance furnace, wherein the precision of the resistance furnace is +/-10 ℃; setting the heating temperature to 936 ℃, starting timing after the furnace reaches the set temperature, and setting the heat preservation time to 60min; after the holding time is reached, the billet is taken out of the furnace for forging, the billet is drawn to 50X 100mm on a 750kg free forging hammer, and the billet is cooled to room temperature after forging.
3. Test No. 2 blank was forged according to the method of the invention:
(1) Step 1: heating a test material in a resistance furnace, wherein the precision of the resistance furnace is +/-5 ℃; setting the heating temperature to 956 ℃, starting timing after the furnace reaches the set temperature, and setting the heat preservation time to 60min; after reaching the heat preservation time, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and cooling the blank to room temperature in air;
(2) Step 2: heating a test material in a resistance furnace, wherein the precision of the resistance furnace is +/-10 ℃; setting the heating temperature to 936 ℃, starting timing after the furnace reaches the set temperature, and setting the heat preservation time to 60min; after the holding time is reached, the billet is taken out of the furnace for forging, the billet is drawn to 50X 100mm on a 750kg free forging hammer, and the billet is cooled to room temperature after forging.
4. The blank of test No. 1 and the blank of test No. 2 are subjected to the same furnace heat treatment, and the heat treatment system comprises the following steps: heating a test material in a resistance furnace, wherein the precision of the resistance furnace is +/-10 ℃; setting the heating temperature to 780 ℃, starting timing after the furnace reaches the set temperature, and setting the heat preservation time to 120min; after the heat preservation time is reached, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and cooling the blank to room temperature in air;
5. after the heat treatment is finished, carrying out physical and chemical detection on the blank of the test No. 1 and the blank of the test No. 2, wherein the detection contents are as follows: microstructure and longitudinal room temperature mechanical property, and the physical and chemical samples of the test No. 1 blank and the test No. 2 blank are all taken at the same position.
Table 1 shows the comparison of the room temperature mechanical properties of the test No. 1 blank and the test No. 2 blank
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1, by using the forging method of the present invention, a forging can obtain a microstructure with 15% to 25% of a strip-shaped α phase, the microstructure is uniform, the internal defects of the product are few, the strip-shaped α content in the microstructure is higher than that of a conventional forging method, the impact toughness of the present invention is significantly higher than that of a conventional forging method under the condition of ensuring the tensile strength and the yield strength, the impact performance is higher, the product yield is greatly improved, the method is simple, and the industrial production is easily realized.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A forging method for obtaining a TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Step 1: heating the blank in a resistance furnace, setting the heating temperature to be 20 ℃ below a beta transformation point, namely Tbeta-20 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time after the furnace reaches the set temperature, wherein the heat preservation time T (min) = eta multiplied by delta max, the delta max (mm) is the maximum section thickness of the blank, the eta is a heating coefficient, the value of the heating coefficient eta of the blank is 1.0-1.2, T (min) is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 120, and cooling the blank to room temperature after the heat preservation time is reached;
(2) Step 2: and (2) heating the blank heated in the step (1) in a resistance furnace, wherein the heating temperature is set to be 40-50 ℃ below the beta transformation point, namely T beta- (40-50) DEG C, the furnace calculates the heat preservation time after reaching the set temperature, the heat preservation time T (min) = eta x delta max, delta max (mm) is the maximum section thickness of the blank, eta is the heating coefficient, the heating coefficient eta of the blank is 1.0-1.2, T (min) is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 120, the blank is taken out of the furnace to be freely forged or die forged after reaching the heat preservation time, and the blank is air-cooled to the room temperature after the forging is finished.
2. The forging method of the TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness is obtained according to the method in the claim 1, and is characterized in that (1) in the step 1, the maximum temperature deviation of an effective working area in a resistance furnace is not more than +/-5 ℃, and a blank is charged and placed in the effective working area after the furnace temperature reaches a set temperature.
3. The forging method of the TC2 titanium alloy small forging with high impact toughness according to the claim 1, characterized in that (2) in the step 2, the maximum temperature deviation of the effective working area in the resistance furnace is not more than +/-10 ℃, and the blank is charged after the furnace temperature reaches the set temperature and placed in the effective working area.
4. The method for forging the TC2 titanium alloy small forged piece with the high impact toughness according to the claim 1, characterized in that the forged pieces suitable for the method are small free forged pieces and small die forged pieces, and the diameter of a rod used for the small forged pieces is less than or equal to 100mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116397185A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-07-07 | 桂林市锐锋医疗器械有限公司 | Method for improving ultrasonic fatigue performance of dual-phase titanium alloy and dual-phase titanium alloy ultrasonic knife |
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- 2022-04-15 CN CN202210394535.6A patent/CN115138800A/en active Pending
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116397185A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-07-07 | 桂林市锐锋医疗器械有限公司 | Method for improving ultrasonic fatigue performance of dual-phase titanium alloy and dual-phase titanium alloy ultrasonic knife |
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