CN110697066A - 一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖 - Google Patents

一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖 Download PDF

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CN110697066A
CN110697066A CN201910957486.0A CN201910957486A CN110697066A CN 110697066 A CN110697066 A CN 110697066A CN 201910957486 A CN201910957486 A CN 201910957486A CN 110697066 A CN110697066 A CN 110697066A
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aircraft
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刘冬
邓春
张平雨
周成康
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Beijing Institute of Specialized Machinery
Shanghai Institute of Materials
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,属于发射装置技术领域。本发明提供的发射箱具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,结构简单、可靠,能够解决飞行器在发射过程中头部的安全性,同时能够保证发射后系留的箱盖法兰上,不额外产生多余物,对发射平台造成损坏。同时能够承受邻箱飞行器发射时的燃气流烧蚀要求,可用于高密度装填发射。本发明的易碎盖同时具有发射箱易碎盖的其他功能及要求,如密封要求、承压要求、电磁屏蔽要求等。本发明能够在飞行器发射箱中广泛应用。

Description

一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖
技术领域
本发明属于发射装置技术领域,具体涉及一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖。
背景技术
发射箱用于贮存、运输和发射飞行器,发射箱易碎盖用于保证飞行器在发射箱内的密封贮存,在飞行器发射时开启,让开飞行器出箱通道,实现飞行器顺利发射。
某型飞行器系统发射过程中通过飞行器头部的撞击,沿指定的方向进行破碎开盖,从而保证飞行器顺利出箱。由于撞击过程中碰撞力较大,会对飞行器头部产生破坏,同时由于装载平台要求,易碎盖在开启过程中不能产生额外的多余物,损坏平台上的其他设备。在高密度装填同时发射箱易碎盖还需具有防烧蚀功能。一般飞行器顶破的发射箱易碎盖不具备系留、缓冲和防邻箱发射烧蚀的功能,因此,如何设计一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖是有待解决的问题。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是:如何设计一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,包括复合材料盖体1、缓冲垫2、固定法兰3及压环4;
所述缓冲垫2通过模具成型,以适应飞行器头部的形状,粘接在位于易碎盖内表面的中间位置的电磁屏蔽层8上,起到保护飞行器头部的作用,通过所述缓冲垫2增加碰撞过程中的接触面积,同时通过弹性缓冲,降低飞行器和易碎盖撞击过程中飞行器头部的受力;
所述固定法兰3按照与发射箱的机械接口,预留螺栓安装接口,同时预留密封圈沟槽,通过密封圈实现易碎盖与发射箱的密封;
所述压环4按照与固定法兰3的机械接口,将复合材料盖体1固定到固定法兰3上,以保证系留纤维的固定及复合材料盖体1整体的密封性能。
优选地,所述复合材料盖体1包括刚性层5、弹性层6、防烧蚀层7、电磁屏蔽层8及系留纤维层9;所述刚性层5用于为复合材料盖体1提供刚性,能够承受发射箱内的内外压力而不发生损坏;弹性层6用于提供密封环节,通过粘接方式固定到刚性层5上,起到易碎盖的气密作用;刚性层5外部的防烧蚀层7用于在相邻发射箱发射飞行器时对易碎盖提供保护;弹性层6内侧的电磁屏蔽层8用于提供电磁屏蔽;系留纤维层9缝制在刚性层5上,与刚性层5固定在一起,在易碎盖开启后起到系留作用,能够将开启的盖体留在固定法兰3上。
优选地,所述缓冲垫2由弹性的橡胶通过模具成型。
优选地,所述固定法兰3由金属材料制成。
优选地,所述压环4为金属材料。
优选地,所述压环4按照与固定法兰3的机械接口,通过锁紧螺钉将复合材料盖体1固定到固定法兰3上。
本发明还提供了一种所述的易碎盖的工作方法,包括以下步骤:飞行器发射时,飞行器接触轴向约束后,将向前运动,当运动到一定距离后,头部与易碎盖的缓冲垫2接触碰撞,易碎盖沿刚性层5上根据实际分裂瓣数预置裂纹处开始破碎分瓣,形成固定开盖形式,通过系留纤维层9处及用于固定法兰3与系留纤维层9的螺钉实现复合材料盖体1的系留。
本发明又提供了一种发射箱,包括所述的易碎盖。
(三)有益效果
本发明提供的发射箱具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,结构简单、可靠,能够解决飞行器在发射过程中头部的安全性,同时能够保证发射后系留的箱盖法兰上,不额外产生多余物,对发射平台造成损坏。同时能够承受邻箱飞行器发射时的燃气流烧蚀要求,可用于高密度装填发射。本发明的易碎盖同时具有发射箱易碎盖的其他功能及要求,如密封要求、承压要求、电磁屏蔽要求等。本发明能够在飞行器发射箱中广泛应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体外形图;
图2为本发明的复合材料盖体及缓冲垫结构示意图;
图3为本发明的固定法兰结构示意图;
图4为本发明的压环结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、内容、和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
为了满足易碎盖在开启过程中的安全性及可靠性,本发明提供了一种能够在飞行器发射时通过缓冲碰撞实现开盖同时系留不产生多余物的发射箱易碎盖,实现飞行器在发射时安全顺利出箱,同时不对发射平台造成损坏。本发明设计的具有缓冲、系留和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,能够安全、可靠地实现破碎系留,同时保证不损坏飞行器的头部,实现飞行器安全顺利发射出箱。
如图1所示,本发明提供的一种用于发射箱的具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖包括复合材料盖体(1)、缓冲垫(2)、固定法兰(3)及压环(4)。
如图2所示,复合材料盖体(1)包括刚性层(5)、弹性层(6)、防烧蚀层(7)、电磁屏蔽层(8)及系留纤维层(9);复合材料盖体(1)作为整个易碎盖的主体结构,内部的刚性层(5)为复合材料盖体(1)提供良好的刚性,能够承受发射箱内的内外压力而不发生损坏;弹性层(6)提供密封环节,通过粘接方式固定到刚性层(5)上,起到易碎盖的气密作用;复合材料盖体(1)外部的防烧蚀层(7)用于在相邻发射箱发射飞行器时对易碎盖提供保护;复合材料盖体(1)内部的电磁屏蔽层(8)提供电磁屏蔽作用;系留纤维层(9)缝制在刚性层(5)上,与刚性层(5)固定在一起,在易碎盖开启后起到系留作用,能够将开启的盖体留在固定法兰(3)上。
缓冲垫(2)由弹性的橡胶通过模具成型,以适应飞行器头部的形状,粘接在位于易碎盖内表面的中间位置的电磁屏蔽层(8)上,起到保护飞行器头部的作用,通过所述缓冲垫(2)增加碰撞过程中的接触面积,同时通过弹性缓冲,降低飞行器和易碎盖撞击过程中飞行器头部的受力。
如图3所示,固定法兰(3)由金属材料制成,按照与发射箱的机械接口,预留螺栓安装接口,同时预留密封圈沟槽,通过密封圈实现易碎盖与发射箱的密封。
如图4所示,压环(4)为金属材料,按照与固定法兰(3)的机械接口,通过锁紧螺钉将复合材料盖体(1)固定到固定法兰(3)上,以保证系留纤维的固定及复合材料盖体(1)整体的密封性能。
飞行器发射时,飞行器接触轴向约束后,将向前运动,当运动到一定距离后,头部与易碎盖的缓冲垫(2)接触碰撞,易碎盖沿刚性层(5)上根据实际分裂瓣数预置裂纹处开始破碎分瓣,形成固定开盖形式,通过系留纤维层(9)处及用于固定法兰(3)与系留纤维层(9)的螺钉实现复合材料盖体(1)的系留。
发射箱缓冲系留功能易碎盖同时具备承压、密封、电磁屏蔽等功能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有系留、缓冲和防烧蚀功能的易碎盖,其特征在于,包括复合材料盖体(1)、缓冲垫(2)、固定法兰(3)及压环(4);
所述缓冲垫(2)通过模具成型,以适应飞行器头部的形状,粘接在位于易碎盖内表面的中间位置的电磁屏蔽层(8)上,起到保护飞行器头部的作用,通过所述缓冲垫(2)增加碰撞过程中的接触面积,同时通过弹性缓冲,降低飞行器和易碎盖撞击过程中飞行器头部的受力;
所述固定法兰(3)按照与发射箱的机械接口,预留螺栓安装接口,同时预留密封圈沟槽,通过密封圈实现易碎盖与发射箱的密封;
所述压环(4)按照与固定法兰(3)的机械接口,将复合材料盖体(1)固定到固定法兰(3)上,以保证系留纤维的固定及复合材料盖体(1)整体的密封性能。
2.如权利要求1所述的易碎盖,其特征在于,所述复合材料盖体(1)包括刚性层(5)、弹性层(6)、防烧蚀层(7)、电磁屏蔽层(8)及系留纤维层(9);所述刚性层(5)用于为复合材料盖体(1)提供刚性,能够承受发射箱内的内外压力而不发生损坏;弹性层(6)用于提供密封环节,通过粘接方式固定到刚性层(5)上,起到易碎盖的气密作用;刚性层(5)外部的防烧蚀层(7)用于在相邻发射箱发射飞行器时对易碎盖提供保护;弹性层(6)内侧的电磁屏蔽层(8)用于提供电磁屏蔽;系留纤维层(9)缝制在刚性层(5)上,与刚性层(5)固定在一起,在易碎盖开启后起到系留作用,能够将开启的盖体留在固定法兰(3)上。
3.如权利要求1所述的易碎盖,其特征在于,所述缓冲垫(2)由弹性的橡胶通过模具成型。
4.如权利要求1所述的易碎盖,其特征在于,所述固定法兰(3)由金属材料制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的易碎盖,其特征在于,所述压环(4)为金属材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的易碎盖,其特征在于,所述压环(4)按照与固定法兰(3)的机械接口,通过锁紧螺钉将复合材料盖体(1)固定到固定法兰(3)上。
7.一种如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的易碎盖的工作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:飞行器发射时,飞行器接触轴向约束后,将向前运动,当运动到一定距离后,头部与易碎盖的缓冲垫(2)接触碰撞,易碎盖沿刚性层(5)上根据实际分裂瓣数预置裂纹处开始破碎分瓣,形成固定开盖形式,通过系留纤维层(9)处及用于固定法兰(3)与系留纤维层(9)的螺钉实现复合材料盖体(1)的系留。
8.一种发射箱,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的易碎盖。
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