CN110696467B - 一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于合成革制造领域,具体公开了一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革及其制备方法。本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革包括阻燃基布、阻燃聚氨酯薄膜和表面修饰层,将阻燃基布和阻燃聚氨酯薄膜热压贴合,然后在阻燃聚氨酯薄膜上压印纹理并涂覆表面修饰层,得所述阻燃耐磨型复合皮革;所述阻燃基布由基布经石墨烯基阻燃剂修饰制得,所述石墨烯基阻燃剂由阻燃改性石墨烯和树脂乳液制得。本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,阻燃性能优异,具有较好的耐磨性能,并且美观大气;本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,能够显著提升阻燃性能,并且具有很强的启示意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成革制造领域,具体涉及一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革及其制备方法。
背景技术
合成革自1964年美国杜邦公司制成商品名为柯芬合成革起至今已经历了半个多世纪的发展。如今,合成革品类繁多,各种合成革除具有合成纤维无纺布底基和聚氨酯微孔面层等共同特点外,其无纺布纤维品种和加工工艺各不相同。如采用丁苯或丁腈胶乳底基浸渍液,以得到无纺布纤维与聚合物间的特殊结合;结构层次不同,有3层、2层和单层结构;采用表面压纹和鞣革工艺,制造绒面合成革等。
相较于真皮材质,合成革因其具有成本低、外观美、选择多等诸多优势,而被大量应用于汽车内饰领域。但是,由于聚氨酯等高分子材料普遍易于燃烧,且燃烧时产生大量有毒烟雾和气体,造成极大的安全隐患。此外,现有的汽车内饰皮革还存在片面追求美观和手感而弱化耐磨耐久性能,给用户在长期使用过程中带来诸多不便。因此,有必要开发一种阻燃效果好的耐磨型皮革。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革及其制备方法。本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,阻燃性能优异,具有较好的耐磨性能,并且美观大气;本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,能够显著提升阻燃性能。
技术方案:为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,包括阻燃基布、阻燃聚氨酯薄膜和表面修饰层,将阻燃基布和阻燃聚氨酯薄膜热压贴合,然后在阻燃聚氨酯薄膜上压印纹理并涂覆表面修饰层,得所述阻燃耐磨型复合皮革;所述阻燃基布由基布经石墨烯基阻燃剂修饰制得,所述石墨烯基阻燃剂由阻燃改性石墨烯和树脂乳液制得。该阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,通过采用了特制的石墨烯基阻燃剂使其具备了优异的阻燃性能,同时,通过对阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备工艺参数的优化,进一步提升了耐磨性能。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,所述阻燃改性石墨烯按重量计包括如下组分:四氢呋喃8-10份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯4-5份、四丁基溴化膦1-2份。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,所述石墨烯由氧化石墨还原法制得,比表面积为2550m2/g。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,所述树脂乳液按重量计包括如下组分:聚四氢呋喃醚二醇180-220份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40-50份、二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份、二羟甲基丙酸7-9份、丙酮20-25份、三乙胺8-10份和水700-900份。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,所述阻燃聚氨酯薄膜按重量计包括如下组分:热塑性聚氨酯7-8份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3-4份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:所述表面修饰层包括如下组分:水溶性硅油溶液。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1阻燃改性石墨烯的制备
按重量计,将四氢呋喃8-10份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯4-5份、四丁基溴化膦1-2份混合,超声分散30-45min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为100-120mL/min,维持5-10min,逐渐升温至62-64℃并维持3-5h,然后逐渐升温至515-525℃并维持5-7h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.2-0.3%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备;
在无氧环境中高温处理,在石墨烯表面引入阻燃功能片段,再通过水蒸气处理对表面的功能片段进行微结构调控。该过程中对水蒸气的精细调节对阻燃功能的表达具有显著影响。
S2石墨烯基阻燃剂的制备
按重量计,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇180-220份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40-50份和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份混合,在73℃下搅拌3-4h,再加入阻燃改性石墨烯20份、二羟甲基丙酸7-9份和丙酮20-25份,在80-82℃条件下继续搅拌2-3h,加入三乙胺8-10份继续搅拌30-45min,加水700-900份继续搅拌1.5-2h,冷却至室温,得石墨烯基阻燃剂;
S3阻燃基布的制备
按重量计,将基布1份浸入6-8份石墨烯基阻燃剂中,40-50min后,在90-95℃下烘干,得阻燃基布;
S4阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备
按重量计,将热塑性聚氨酯7-8份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3-4份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份于100-110℃通过挤压机挤出制得厚度0.7-1mm的阻燃聚氨酯薄膜;
S5合成革半成品的制备
将阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜在温度95-100℃和压力1.1-1.3Mpa的条件下通过挤压辊压合,然后在0.22-0.28Mpa压力下由表面带纹理的辊筒压制出表面花纹,形成合成革成品;
S6合成革成品的制备
在合成革半成品表面涂覆80-85℃的水溶性硅油溶液,然后在95-100℃条件下烘干,得阻燃耐磨型复合皮革。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:在高纯氮气中混入水蒸气的质量分数为0.23%。
进一步地,上述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S5中,阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜通过挤压辊压合的温度为98℃,压力为1.2Mpa。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,阻燃性能优异,具有较好的耐磨性能,并且美观大气;本发明所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,能够显著提升阻燃性能,并且具有很强的启示意义。
附图说明
图1所示为制备阻燃耐磨型复合皮革步骤S1中水蒸气含量对极限氧指数(LOI)的影响。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,这些实施例只是为了说明问题,并不是一种限制。
实施例1
一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,通过以下方法制备。
S1阻燃改性石墨烯的制备
按重量计,将四氢呋喃10份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯4份、四丁基溴化膦1份混合,超声分散30min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为100mL/min,维持5-min,逐渐升温至62℃并维持3h,然后逐渐升温至515℃并维持5h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.2%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备;
S2石墨烯基阻燃剂的制备
按重量计,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇180份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40份和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份混合,在73℃下搅拌3h,再加入阻燃改性石墨烯20份、二羟甲基丙酸7份和丙酮20份,在80℃条件下继续搅拌2h,加入三乙胺8份继续搅拌30min,加水900份继续搅拌1.5h,冷却至室温,得石墨烯基阻燃剂;
S3阻燃基布的制备
按重量计,将基布1份浸入6份石墨烯基阻燃剂中,40min后,在90℃下烘干,得阻燃基布;
S4阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备
按重量计,将热塑性聚氨酯7份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份于100℃通过挤压机挤出制得厚度0.7mm的阻燃聚氨酯薄膜;
S5合成革半成品的制备
将阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜在温度95℃和压力1.1Mpa的条件下通过挤压辊压合,然后在0.22Mpa压力下由表面带纹理的辊筒压制出表面花纹,形成合成革成品;
S6合成革成品的制备
在合成革半成品表面涂覆80℃的水溶性硅油溶液,然后在95℃条件下烘干,得阻燃耐磨型复合皮革。
该阻燃耐磨型复合皮革极限氧指数(LOI)为31.4%。
实施例2
一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,通过以下方法制备。
S1阻燃改性石墨烯的制备
按重量计,将四氢呋喃8份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯5份、四丁基溴化膦2份混合,超声分散45min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为120mL/min,维持10min,逐渐升温至64℃并维持5h,然后逐渐升温至525℃并维持7h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.3%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备;
S2石墨烯基阻燃剂的制备
按重量计,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇220份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯50份和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份混合,在73℃下搅拌4h,再加入阻燃改性石墨烯20份、二羟甲基丙酸9份和丙酮25份,在82℃条件下继续搅拌3h,加入三乙胺10份继续搅拌45min,加水700份继续搅拌2h,冷却至室温,得石墨烯基阻燃剂;
S3阻燃基布的制备
按重量计,将基布1份浸入8份石墨烯基阻燃剂中,50min后,在95℃下烘干,得阻燃基布;
S4阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备
按重量计,将热塑性聚氨酯8份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体4份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份于110℃通过挤压机挤出制得厚度1mm的阻燃聚氨酯薄膜;
S5合成革半成品的制备
将阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜在温度100℃和压力1.3Mpa的条件下通过挤压辊压合,然后在0.28Mpa压力下由表面带纹理的辊筒压制出表面花纹,形成合成革成品;
S6合成革成品的制备
在合成革半成品表面涂覆85℃的水溶性硅油溶液,然后在100℃条件下烘干,得阻燃耐磨型复合皮革。
该阻燃耐磨型复合皮革极限氧指数(LOI)为32.9%。
实施例3
一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,通过以下方法制备。
S1阻燃改性石墨烯的制备
按重量计,将四氢呋喃8份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯5份、四丁基溴化膦2份混合,超声分散45min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为120mL/min,维持8min,逐渐升温至63℃并维持4h,然后逐渐升温至515℃并维持6h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.23%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备;其中,石墨烯由氧化石墨还原法制得,比表面积为2550m2/g;
S2石墨烯基阻燃剂的制备
按重量计,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇200份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40份和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份混合,在73℃下搅拌4h,再加入阻燃改性石墨烯20份、二羟甲基丙酸9份和丙酮20份,在82℃条件下继续搅拌3h,加入三乙胺8份继续搅拌45min,加水800份继续搅拌2h,冷却至室温,得石墨烯基阻燃剂;
S3阻燃基布的制备
按重量计,将基布1份浸入8份石墨烯基阻燃剂中, 50min后,在90℃下烘干,得阻燃基布;
S4阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备
按重量计,将热塑性聚氨酯7份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份于105℃通过挤压机挤出制得厚度0.8mm的阻燃聚氨酯薄膜;
S5合成革半成品的制备
将阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜在温度98℃和压力1.2Mpa的条件下通过挤压辊压合,然后在0.25Mpa压力下由表面带纹理的辊筒压制出表面花纹,形成合成革成品;
S6合成革成品的制备
在合成革半成品表面涂覆85℃的水溶性硅油溶液,然后在100℃条件下烘干,得阻燃耐磨型复合皮革。
该阻燃耐磨型复合皮革极限氧指数(LOI)为35.6%。
此外,在实施例3的基础上,在阻燃基布和阻燃聚氨酯薄膜制备过程中不加入石墨烯基阻燃剂,可以得到不经阻燃处理的基础样品,经测试,基础样品的限氧指数(LOI)为21.4%。
此外,在实施例3的基础上,对步骤S1中的水蒸气含量进行调节,可以得到一系列的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其极限氧指数(LOI)如图1所示。可见,骤S1中的水蒸气含量,对阻燃性能具有显著的影响,该影响可归因于水蒸气处理对石墨烯表面片段的影响和修饰作用。但是,对于该影响的细节和机理仍有待进一步深入研究。
在本发明中,极限氧指数(LOI)测试,均依据ASTMD2863-2009标准并采用南京江宁分析仪器有限公司生产的HC-2C型氧指数测定仪进行测定。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:包括阻燃基布、阻燃聚氨酯薄膜和表面修饰层,将阻燃基布和阻燃聚氨酯薄膜热压贴合,然后在阻燃聚氨酯薄膜上压印纹理并涂覆表面修饰层,得所述阻燃耐磨型复合皮革;所述阻燃基布由基布经石墨烯基阻燃剂修饰制得,所述石墨烯基阻燃剂由阻燃改性石墨烯和树脂乳液制得;
所述阻燃改性石墨烯按重量计包括如下组分:四氢呋喃8-10份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯4-5份、四丁基溴化膦1-2份;
所述阻燃改性石墨烯通过以下方法制备得到:根据配方量将四氢呋喃、石墨烯、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯、四丁基溴化膦混合,超声分散30-45min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为100-120mL/min,维持5-10min,逐渐升温至62-64℃并维持3-5h,然后逐渐升温至515-525℃并维持5-7h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.2-0.3%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:所述石墨烯由氧化石墨还原法制得,比表面积为2550m2/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:所述树脂乳液按重量计包括如下组分:聚四氢呋喃醚二醇180-220份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40-50份、二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份、二羟甲基丙酸7-9份、丙酮20-25份、三乙胺8-10份和水700-900份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:所述阻燃聚氨酯薄膜按重量计包括如下组分:热塑性聚氨酯7-8份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3-4份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革,其特征在于:所述表面修饰层包括如下组分:水溶性硅油溶液。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1阻燃改性石墨烯的制备
按重量计,将四氢呋喃8-10份、石墨烯1份、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)氨基亚甲基膦酸二乙酯4-5份、四丁基溴化膦1-2份混合,超声分散30-45min;将分散液置于管式炉中,通入高纯氮气,流量为100-120mL/min,维持5-10min,逐渐升温至62-64℃并维持3-5h,然后逐渐升温至515-525℃并维持5-7h,然后在高纯氮气中混入质量分数为0.2-0.3%的水蒸气并维持45min,然后撤去水蒸气并维持1h,最后逐渐冷却至室温,得阻燃改性石墨烯的制备;
S2石墨烯基阻燃剂的制备
按重量计,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇180-220份、3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯40-50份和二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂1份混合,在73℃下搅拌3-4h,再加入阻燃改性石墨烯20份、二羟甲基丙酸7-9份和丙酮20-25份,在80-82℃条件下继续搅拌2-3h,加入三乙胺8-10份继续搅拌30-45min,加水700-900份继续搅拌1.5-2h,冷却至室温,得石墨烯基阻燃剂;
S3阻燃基布的制备
按重量计,将基布1份浸入6-8份石墨烯基阻燃剂中,40-50min后,在90-95℃下烘干,得阻燃基布;
S4阻燃聚氨酯薄膜的制备
按重量计,将热塑性聚氨酯7-8份、聚酰胺型热塑性弹性体3-4份、阻燃改性石墨烯0.3份、着色剂1份和环亮氨酸1份于100-110℃通过挤压机挤出制得厚度0.7-1mm的阻燃聚氨酯薄膜;
S5合成革半成品的制备
将阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜在温度95-100℃和压力1.1-1.3Mpa的条件下通过挤压辊压合,然后在0.22-0.28Mpa压力下由表面带纹理的辊筒压制出表面花纹,形成合成革成品;
S6合成革成品的制备
在合成革半成品表面涂覆80-85℃的水溶性硅油溶液,然后在95-100℃条件下烘干,得阻燃耐磨型复合皮革。
7.根据权利要求6所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:在高纯氮气中混入水蒸气的质量分数为0.23%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的阻燃耐磨型复合皮革的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S5中,阻燃基布与阻燃聚氨酯薄膜通过挤压辊压合的温度为98℃,压力为1.2Mpa。
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