CN110696223A - Cleaning and recycling equipment and method for waste filter bags - Google Patents

Cleaning and recycling equipment and method for waste filter bags Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110696223A
CN110696223A CN201910986055.7A CN201910986055A CN110696223A CN 110696223 A CN110696223 A CN 110696223A CN 201910986055 A CN201910986055 A CN 201910986055A CN 110696223 A CN110696223 A CN 110696223A
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cleaning
filter bag
waste
area
filter bags
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钱付平
魏民
董伟
陈路敏
叶蒙蒙
鲁进利
韩云龙
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B2017/001—Pretreating the materials before recovery
    • B29B2017/0015—Washing, rinsing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cleaning and recycling device and method for waste filter bags, and belongs to the technical field of material recycling. The method cleans the waste and old filter bags by performing the processes of pre-cleaning, surfactant cleaning, acid cleaning, classifying, heating quenching and mechanical crushing on the waste and old polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bags, thereby solving the problem that the waste and old filter bags are not cleaned thoroughly by the traditional technology; the cleaning equipment used in the surfactant cleaning process conveys waste filter bags through a conveyor belt, and sequentially passes through an upper cargo area, a cleaning area, a spraying area, a drying area and a lower cargo area, the equipment removes dust and organic stains on the surfaces of the waste filter bags at high pressure in the cleaning area and the spraying area through a water supply main pipe, a water supply branch pipe and a nozzle, then dries the waste filter bags through hot air in the drying area, and repeatedly cleans the waste filter bags for a plurality of times, so that the dust and organic matters on the surfaces of the filter bags can be completely removed; the invention can clean the waste filter bag thoroughly, so the recovery purity of the polytetrafluoroethylene particles is high.

Description

Cleaning and recycling equipment and method for waste filter bags
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material recovery, in particular to cleaning and recovering equipment and a method for waste filter bags.
Background
The smoke emission of enterprises such as garbage incineration plants, coal-fired power plants, steel production and the like is a main pollution source of the atmosphere. The bag type dust collector has the characteristics of high dust collection efficiency, wide air volume treatment range, insensitivity to dust characteristics, capability of running in a high-temperature environment and the like, and has wide application in the fields of coal-fired power plant boiler dust collection, mining industry dust collection, waste incineration tail gas purification and the like.
At present, the raw materials of a filter bag in a bag type dust collector mainly comprise polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyimide (PI), glass fiber and the like. The Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly called as 'plastic king', has excellent performances of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good electrical insulation, good sealing performance and the like, and can work for a long time at the temperature of minus 190-250 ℃. By virtue of its excellent performance, the polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag is widely applied to dust collectors. At present, the treatment method of the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bag comprises the following steps: (1) deeply burying; (2) and (5) incineration treatment. The polytetrafluoroethylene is extremely stable and is difficult to degrade in natural environment. The landfill of the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bags can seriously pollute the ecological environment. Further, when incinerated, polytetrafluoroethylene produces highly toxic substances such as tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and perfluoroisobutylene and fine particulate matter having a PM of 2.5 or less, and pollutes the atmosphere. Thus neither deep landfilling nor incineration is the optimal treatment. The price of the polytetrafluoroethylene is higher, so the recycling of the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bags has environmental protection significance and high economic value.
In the process of recovering the polytetrafluoroethylene filter bag, the traditional cleaning process has the problem of incomplete cleaning, and residues are easy to appear on the surface of the filter bag. The reason for this is that, on the one hand, the stain on the surface of the filter bag is more, so that the stain is difficult to remove by using the traditional surfactant solution. On the other hand, the traditional rinsing method of putting the filter bag in hydrochloric acid solution still has difficulty in removing the metal oxide residues on the surface of the filter bag.
At present, domestic polytetrafluoroethylene recovery methods mainly comprise the following three methods: mechanical pulverization, radiation pyrolysis, and thermal decomposition. The thermal decomposition method is to decompose polytetrafluoroethylene at a relatively high temperature. This method has difficulty in controlling the kinds of decomposition products and also produces many toxic by-products. The polytetrafluoroethylene ultrafine powder obtained by the radiation cracking method has poor coagulability and higher cost.
Through retrieval, Chinese patent number CN201610115214.2, the application date is 2016, 3 and 1, the name of the invention creation is: a method for washing and recovering waste polytetrafluoroethylene and polyphenylene sulfide blended filter bags comprises the steps of firstly washing the polytetrafluoroethylene and polyphenylene sulfide blended waste blended filter bags sequentially by adopting a surfactant solution, a heat treatment and a strong acid solution to obtain pure waste blended filter bags, then carrying out high-temperature treatment, crushing and screening to separate polytetrafluoroethylene short fibers and polyphenylene sulfide particles, and then respectively obtaining polytetrafluoroethylene powder and polyphenylene sulfide powder by using high-temperature treatment, crushing and screening methods; the method is simple and easy to implement, and has low cost; but the used surfactant component is single, and can not remove various stains on the filter bag at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
Aiming at the problems that stains on the surface of a waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bag cannot be thoroughly cleaned and the recycling of the polytetrafluoroethylene filter bag is influenced in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag; the invention uses the surfactant to clean the stains on the surface of the filter bag, and simultaneously acid washes the cleaned filter bag to remove the metal oxides on the surface of the filter bag, so that the stains on the surface of the filter bag are better removed, and purer polytetrafluoroethylene particles can be obtained.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a cleaning and recycling device for waste filter bags, which comprises a conveyor belt and a roller, wherein the roller drives the conveyor belt to move; the conveying belt conveys the waste filter bag, five areas are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying belt, and the five areas are a loading area, a cleaning area, a spraying area, a drying area and a unloading area.
Furthermore, the cleaning assembly is arranged in the cleaning area and the spraying area and comprises a water supply main pipe and water supply branch pipes, the water supply branch pipes are connected with the water supply main pipe, and a plurality of water supply branch pipes are arranged in parallel along the length direction of the water supply main pipe.
Furthermore, a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the water supply branch pipe at intervals, wherein the nozzles arranged in the cleaning area are fan-shaped nozzles, and the nozzles arranged in the spraying area are solid cone nozzles.
Furthermore, a blowing assembly is arranged in the drying area and comprises a plurality of air pipes, and a plurality of air openings are formed in the air pipes at intervals.
Furthermore, the distance between the nozzles of the cleaning area and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each nozzle is 0.3-0.5 MPa; the distance between the spray nozzles of the spraying area and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each spray nozzle is 1-3 MPa; the distance between the air opening of the drying area and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the air speed of the air opening is 5-10 m/s.
The invention relates to a method for cleaning and recovering waste filter bags by utilizing the recovery equipment, which comprises the following steps:
step one, pre-cleaning and drying a waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag;
step two, cleaning and drying the waste filter bag by using a surfactant solution;
step three, placing the dried filter bag into an acid solution for soaking and rinsing to obtain a pure waste filter bag;
classifying the rinsed waste filter bags into damaged filter bags and undamaged filter bags, and recovering the undamaged filter bags;
step five, heating and quenching the damaged filter bag;
and step six, mechanically crushing and screening the quenched filter bag to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene particles.
Furthermore, the surfactant used in the second step is a multi-component surfactant, and the components of the surfactant comprise: 9-11 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 6-8 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; 1.5-3 parts of alkylolamide; 0.06-0.08 parts of Kathon; 0.9-1.3 parts of sodium hydroxide; 5-10 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether; 0.1-0.3 parts of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; 0.8-1.2 parts of inorganic thickening agent; 90-100 parts of deionized water.
Furthermore, in the third step, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10% -16%, the soaking temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the soaking time is 1-3 days; and the rinsing step is to clean the waste filter bag for 20-40 min by using a barrel type impeller cleaning machine.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, the heating process is that the pure waste filter bag is slowly heated to 300-350 ℃ and is kept for 1-3 hours, wherein the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min; the quenching process is to place the heated filter bag in water with the temperature of 10-30 ℃ and reduce the temperature to normal temperature.
Furthermore, in the sixth step, the mechanical crushing is to crush the quenched filter bag for 1 to 2 hours by using a superfine crusher; and after crushing, screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles with the particle size of 100-300 meshes.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) according to the method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag, disclosed by the invention, in view of the fact that the surface of the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bag is provided with more stains, the existing cleaning method cannot thoroughly clean the stains on the surface of the filter bag, and the recycling of the filter bag is influenced, a multi-component surfactant is designed, and the stains on the surface of the filter bag can be thoroughly removed; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate in the surfactant are commonly used anionic surfactants in industry, and the cost is low; the addition of Kathon prolongs the shelf life.
(2) According to the method for cleaning and recovering the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bags, the surfaces of the waste polytetrafluoroethylene filter bags contain more metal oxides, the filter bags are soaked and rinsed by hydrochloric acid solution in the traditional cleaning mode, and the metal oxides on the surfaces of the filter bags cannot be thoroughly cleaned.
(3) According to the method for cleaning and recovering the waste filter bags, the filter bags and the frame are integrated into a whole to manufacture a plate type filter element, and then modular assembly is carried out to manufacture a combined frame in most of the conventional bag type dust collectors; in practice, damage to individual filter bags affects overall performance, and the combined frame is discarded; therefore, the recycled combined frame may contain an undamaged filter bag, the cleaning and recycling method of the invention divides the filter bag after cleaning into the damaged filter bag and the undamaged filter bag, and the undamaged filter bag is recycled, thereby avoiding the waste of resources.
(4) According to the cleaning and recycling equipment for the waste filter bags, the filter bags are placed on the cleaning equipment in a flat spreading mode, so that the cleaning solution is in full contact with the surfaces of the filter bags and is cleaned, and the high-pressure nozzles in the spraying area can further remove dirt such as dust and organic pollutants on the surfaces of the filter bags.
(5) According to the cleaning and recycling method of the waste filter bag, the damaged filter bag is slowly heated, and the attractive force among polytetrafluoroethylene molecules can be damaged on the basis of not sintering the surface of the filter bag; and quenching the filter bag after high-temperature treatment to ensure that polytetrafluoroethylene molecules are not ready for reordering, thereby facilitating the crushing of the subsequent steps.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout of the shower pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a shower pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the blowing pipe of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the arrangement of blowing pipes according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a recovery flow chart of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the drawings illustrate:
1. a cleaning zone; 2. a spraying area; 3. a drying zone; 4. a cargo area; 5. a conveyor belt; 6. a drum; 7. a loading area; 8. a water main; 9. a water supply branch pipe; 10. a nozzle; 11. a tuyere; 12. and (7) an air pipe.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention aims to provide equipment and a method for cleaning and recovering waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bags. And classifying the waste filter bags, wherein if the surfaces of the filter bags are not damaged, the waste filter bags can be directly reused, and if the filter bags are damaged, the damaged waste filter bags are subjected to high-temperature treatment, quenching, crushing and screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles. Now, the following embodiments are described in detail:
example 1
With reference to fig. 1, the cleaning and recycling device for the waste filter bags of the embodiment includes a conveyor belt 5 and a roller 6, wherein the roller 6 drives the conveyor belt 5 to move; the conveying belt 5 conveys the waste filter bags, five areas are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying belt 5, and the five areas are a loading area 7, a cleaning area 1, a spraying area 2, a drying area 3 and a unloading area 4 respectively. Wherein the length of the cleaning area 1 is 2m, and the width is 1.2 m. The length of the spraying area 2 is 2m, and the width is 1 m. The conveying speed of the conveyor belt 5 may be 0.8 to 1.2m/min, and is set to 0.8m/min in this embodiment.
With reference to fig. 2, the cleaning area 1 and the spraying area 2 are provided with cleaning components inside, the cleaning components include a water supply main pipe 8 and a water supply branch pipe 9, the water supply branch pipe 9 is connected with the water supply main pipe 8, and the water supply branch pipe 9 is provided with a plurality of pipes side by side along the length direction of the water supply main pipe 8. Specifically, in the embodiment, the cleaning area 1 and the spraying area 2 are both provided with 11 water supply branch pipes 9 with the diameter of 6 cm. The water supply branch pipe 9 may be provided with a plurality of nozzles 10 at intervals, and specifically, in this embodiment, 7 nozzles 10 are equally spaced on each branch pipe (see fig. 3). The nozzle 10 arranged in the cleaning area 1 is a fan-shaped nozzle, and the nozzle 10 arranged in the spraying area 2 is a solid cone nozzle. The nozzle 10 and the water supply branch pipe 9 are connected by screw threads.
Referring to fig. 5, a blowing assembly is disposed in the drying zone 3, and the blowing assembly includes a plurality of air pipes 12, specifically, in this embodiment, 5 air pipes 12 are disposed in the blowing assembly. The air duct 12 may be provided with a plurality of air ports 11 at intervals, and specifically, in this embodiment, each air duct 12 is provided with 7 air ports 11 at equal intervals (see fig. 4).
The distance between the nozzles 10 of the cleaning area 1 and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each nozzle 10 is 0.3-0.5 MPa; the distance between the spray nozzles 10 of the spray area 2 and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each spray nozzle 10 is 1-3 MPa. The distance between the air opening 11 of the drying area 3 and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the air speed of the air opening is 5-10 m/s. In this embodiment, the nozzle 10 of the cleaning region 1 is set 300mm from the filter bag, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 0.3 MPa. The distance between the nozzle 10 of the spraying area 2 and the filter bag is 300mm, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 1 MPa. The distance between the air opening 11 of the drying area 3 and the filter bag is 300mm, and the air speed of the air opening is 5 m/s. The cleaning process in the traditional technology is complicated and the phenomenon that stains cannot be thoroughly removed is easy to occur, the problem that local stains cannot be removed can be avoided by using the equipment for flatly cleaning, and the equipment is simple and convenient to use.
Example 2
The design of the cleaning and recycling equipment for the waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag is basically the same as that of the cleaning and recycling equipment in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the present embodiment sets the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 5 to 1.2 m/min. The nozzle 10 of the cleaning area 1 is arranged 500mm away from the filter bag, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 0.5 MPa. The distance between the nozzle 10 of the spraying area 2 and the filter bag is 500mm, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 3 MPa. The distance between the air opening 11 of the drying area 3 and the filter bag is 500mm, and the air speed of the air opening 11 is 10 m/s.
Example 3
The design of the cleaning and recycling equipment for the waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag is basically the same as that of the cleaning and recycling equipment in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the present embodiment sets the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 5 to 1.0 m/min. The nozzle 10 of the cleaning area 1 is arranged 400mm away from the filter bag, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 0.4 MPa. The distance between the nozzle 10 of the spraying area 2 and the filter bag is 400mm, and the pressure of the nozzle 10 is 2 MPa. The distance between the air opening 11 of the drying area 3 and the filter bag is 400mm, and the air speed of the air opening 11 is 7 m/s.
Example 4
With reference to fig. 6, the present embodiment utilizes the apparatus described in any of embodiments 1 to 3 to perform filter bag cleaning and recovery, and includes the following steps:
step one, pre-cleaning and drying the waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag.
And step two, cleaning and drying the waste filter bag by using a surfactant solution. The filter bags are first laid flat on the conveyor belt 5 in the pick-up area 7. The conveying speed, nozzle 10 pressure and tuyere 11 wind speed were then adjusted. The filter bag is driven by the conveyor belt 5 to be cleaned through the cleaning area 1 and the spraying area 2 in sequence. After cleaning, the filter bag is turned over and cleaned, and is repeatedly cleaned for a plurality of times, and finally dried in the drying area 3. The filter bag is flatly laid on the conveyor belt 5, so that the filter bag is convenient to clean, and meanwhile, the double sides of the filter bag are repeatedly cleaned, so that the surface of the filter bag is ensured to be free of residual stains.
The surfactant solution of this example is a multi-component surfactant, which comprises the following components: 9 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 6 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; 1.5 parts of alkylolamide; 0.06 part of Kathon; 0.9 part of sodium hydroxide; 5 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether; 0.1 part of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; 0.8 part of inorganic thickening agent; 90 parts of deionized water. The components of stains on the surface of the filter bag are complex, and most of traditional cleaning solutions adopt single-component solutions, so that the stains on the surface of the filter bag are difficult to clean.
It is worth mentioning that the advantage of using the multi-component surfactant of this example to clean the surface stains on the waste filter bags is: although sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate alone can remove stains, it is difficult to effectively contact the stains during cleaning and the stains are easily redeposited after being washed out. The alkylolamides can well wet the filter bag, so that the surfactant disclosed by the embodiment can effectively contact with stains. The fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate are easy to dissolve in water, and can fully emulsify dissolved dirt, so that stable emulsion is formed and quickly dispersed, the dirt is effectively prevented from re-precipitating, and the cleaning quality is improved. The disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate can quickly complex metal ions and wash away with water, and effectively remove inorganic metal salts on the surface of the filter bag. The inorganic thickener is NaCl, can improve the viscosity of a system, enables each system of the multi-component surfactant to keep a uniform and stable suspension state, and is not easy to precipitate.
Thirdly, spreading the dried filter bag in an acid solution for soaking and rinsing to obtain a pure waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag; the acid solution is 10% hydrochloric acid solution by mass percent, the soaking temperature is 20 ℃, and the soaking time is 3 days. And the rinsing step is to clean the waste filter bags for 20min by using a barrel type impeller cleaning machine. In the traditional method, the filter bag is soaked and rinsed by hydrochloric acid solution, so that the metal oxide on the surface of the filter bag cannot be thoroughly removed.
And step four, classifying the rinsed waste filter bags into a damaged filter bag and a non-damaged filter bag, and recovering the non-damaged filter bags. Most of the existing bag-type dust collectors integrate a filter bag and a frame into a whole to manufacture a plate-type filter element, and then the plate-type filter element is modularly assembled to manufacture a combined frame. In practice, individual filter bag failure affects overall performance, and the combined frame is discarded. Therefore, the recycled combined frame may contain an undamaged filter bag, and the filter bag can be recycled after being cleaned, so that the waste of resources is avoided.
And step five, heating and quenching the damaged filter bag. The heating treatment process comprises the steps of firstly placing the pure waste filter bag in a muffle furnace, slowly heating to 300 ℃, heating at a rate of 3 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 1 h. Then the filter bag is put into water with the temperature of 10 ℃ and cooled to normal temperature for quenching. The polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag can destroy the attraction among polytetrafluoroethylene molecules on the basis of not sintering the surface of the filter bag after being slowly heated. It can be known from the "Lanna-Jones" potential (see formula 1) that the larger the molecular potential energy is, the larger the intermolecular distance r is, and when the intermolecular distance reaches a certain degree, the molecular potential energy is increased, and the increase of the intermolecular distance is greatly reduced.
Where V is the intermolecular potential, ε is the depth of the potential energy well, and σ is the two-body distance at which the interaction potential is exactly zero.
Total energy (E) to kinetic energy (E) of a moleculek) + potential energy (V), temperature rise, kinetic energy (E)k) And increasing the total molecular energy (E), and greatly reducing the increase amplitude of the distance between the molecules after the distance between the molecules reaches a certain degree. According to the formula 2, the simulation calculation shows that when the temperature is in the range of 300-350 ℃, the intermolecular distance is large enough to destroy the attractive force between polytetrafluoroethylene molecules, and the intermolecular distance cannot be greatly increased by continuously increasing the temperature. In this example, the muffle furnace temperature was set to 300 ℃.
Figure BDA0002236722970000071
And quenching the filter bag after high-temperature treatment to ensure that polytetrafluoroethylene molecules are not ready for reordering, thereby facilitating the crushing of the subsequent steps.
And step six, putting the quenched filter bag into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized for 1 hour, and then screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles with the particle size of 100-300 meshes. The resulting polytetrafluoroethylene pellet ash was 0.28% and volatiles were 0.10%.
Example 5
The method of the present embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 4, except that: the surfactant solution in the second step is a multi-component surfactant, and comprises the following components: 11 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 8 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; 3 parts of alkylolamide; 0.08 part of Kathon; 1.3 parts of sodium hydroxide; 10 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether; 0.3 part of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; 1 part of inorganic thickening agent; 100 parts of deionized water.
In the third step, the acid solution is 16% hydrochloric acid solution by mass percent, the soaking temperature is 40 ℃, and the soaking time is 1 day. And the rinsing step is to clean the waste filter bags for 40min by using a barrel type impeller cleaning machine.
And step five, the heating treatment process comprises the steps of firstly placing the pure waste filter bag in a muffle furnace, slowly heating to 350 ℃, heating at the rate of 5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 3 hours. Then the filter bag is put into water with the temperature of 10 ℃ and cooled to normal temperature for quenching.
And sixthly, putting the quenched filter bag into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized for 2 hours, and then screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles with the particle size of 100-300 meshes.
Example 6
The method of the present embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 4, except that: the surfactant solution in the second step is a multi-component surfactant, and comprises the following components: 10 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 7 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; 2 parts of alkylolamide; 0.07 part of Kathon; 1.1 parts of sodium hydroxide; 7 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether; 0.2 part of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; 0.9 part of inorganic thickener; and 95 parts of deionized water.
In the third step, the acid solution is 13% hydrochloric acid solution by mass percent, the soaking temperature is 30 ℃, and the soaking time is 2 days. And the rinsing step is to clean the waste filter bags for 30min by using a barrel type impeller cleaning machine.
And step five, the heating treatment process is that the pure waste filter bag is placed in a muffle furnace to be slowly heated to 320 ℃, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and then the heat is preserved for 2 hours. Then the filter bag is put into water with the temperature of 20 ℃ and cooled to normal temperature for quenching.
And sixthly, putting the quenched filter bag into a superfine pulverizer to be pulverized for 1.5 hours, and then screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles with the particle size of 100-300 meshes.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a waste filter bag washs recovery plant which characterized in that: comprises a conveyor belt (5) and a roller (6), wherein the roller (6) drives the conveyor belt (5) to move; the waste filter bag is conveyed by the conveyor belt (5), five areas are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (5), and the five areas are an upper goods area (7), a cleaning area (1), a spraying area (2), a drying area (3) and a lower goods area (4) respectively.
2. The waste filter bag cleaning and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: washing district (1) and spraying district (2) inside be provided with the cleaning assembly, this cleaning assembly includes water supply main (8) and water supply branch pipe (9), water supply branch pipe (9) link to each other with water supply main (8), and water supply branch pipe (9) are provided with many side by side along the length direction of water supply main (8).
3. The waste filter bag cleaning and recycling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water supply branch pipe (9) is provided with a plurality of nozzles (10) at intervals, wherein the nozzles (10) arranged in the cleaning area (1) are fan-shaped nozzles, and the nozzles (10) arranged in the spraying area (2) are solid cone nozzles.
4. The waste filter bag cleaning and recycling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the drying area (3) is internally provided with a blowing assembly, the blowing assembly comprises a plurality of air pipes (12), and a plurality of air ports (11) are arranged on the air pipes (12) at intervals.
5. The waste filter bag cleaning and recycling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the distance between the nozzles (10) of the cleaning area (1) and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each nozzle (10) is 0.3-0.5 MPa; the distance between the spray nozzles (10) of the spray area (2) and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the pressure of each spray nozzle (10) is 1-3 MPa; the distance between the air opening (11) of the drying area (3) and the filter bag is 300-500 mm, and the air speed of the air opening is 5-10 m/s.
6. A method for cleaning and recycling waste filter bags by using the recycling equipment of any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, pre-cleaning and drying a waste polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane filter bag;
step two, cleaning and drying the waste filter bag by using a surfactant solution;
step three, placing the dried filter bag into an acid solution for soaking and rinsing to obtain a pure waste filter bag;
classifying the rinsed waste filter bags into damaged filter bags and undamaged filter bags, and recovering the undamaged filter bags;
step five, heating and quenching the damaged filter bag;
and step six, mechanically crushing and screening the quenched filter bag to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene particles.
7. The method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surfactant used in the second step is a multi-component surfactant, and comprises the following components: 9-11 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; 6-8 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; 1.5-3 parts of alkylolamide; 0.06-0.08 parts of Kathon; 0.9-1.3 parts of sodium hydroxide; 5-10 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether; 0.1-0.3 parts of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate; 0.8-1.2 parts of inorganic thickening agent; 90-100 parts of deionized water.
8. The method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10-16%, the soaking temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the soaking time is 1-3 days; and the rinsing step is to clean the waste filter bag for 20-40 min by using a barrel type impeller cleaning machine.
9. The method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, the heating treatment process comprises the steps of slowly heating the pure waste filter bag to 300-350 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours, wherein the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min; the quenching process is that the heated filter bag is placed in water with the temperature of 10-30 ℃ and cooled to the normal temperature.
10. The method for cleaning and recycling the waste filter bag according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the mechanical crushing is to crush the quenched filter bag for 1 to 2 hours by using an ultrafine crusher; and after crushing, screening to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene particles with the particle size of 100-300 meshes.
CN201910986055.7A 2019-10-17 2019-10-17 Cleaning and recycling equipment and method for waste filter bags Pending CN110696223A (en)

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