CN110695766A - Cutter state detection system - Google Patents
Cutter state detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110695766A CN110695766A CN201810753491.5A CN201810753491A CN110695766A CN 110695766 A CN110695766 A CN 110695766A CN 201810753491 A CN201810753491 A CN 201810753491A CN 110695766 A CN110695766 A CN 110695766A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
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- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
A tool state detection system is provided, which uses a C-shaped clamping ring or a magnetic block body as an auxiliary tool, and a sensor is arranged on a machine main shaft of a tool machine table to sense the influence of a tool on the machine main shaft when the tool is operated, so as to detect the state of the tool in real time, and thus, the tool can be detected without spending extra time, the current usable state of the tool can be effectively mastered, and the use efficiency of the tool is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of equipment detection, in particular to a cutter state detection system.
Background
The most cost-intensive in the current machining industry is: the use of the cutter is most directly related to the three. In terms of tool replacement and use, in order to avoid poor conditions and further affect the machining quality due to excessive use of the tool, the conventional solution is to increase the number of times of tool replacement, which causes a corresponding increase in the number of tools used, however, frequent tool replacement leads to an increase in the labor cost and the tool cost (i.e., the machining consumables). On the contrary, if the two costs are to be reduced, the service time of the tool must be prolonged to reduce the number of times of tool replacement, which undoubtedly brings a risk of poor machining quality, so that the current state of the tool is effectively grasped to increase the service time of the tool, thereby improving the service efficiency of the tool, which is the key for the current machining industry to effectively reduce the cost and improve the competitiveness.
In the conventional tool state detection technology, a direct detection method is mainly used, and mainly optical and contact methods are used for detecting the appearance of the tool, however, the detection method increases the detection difficulty due to the interference of foreign matters in the processing environment, and easily causes errors in the detection result. For example, cutting oil is sprayed on the tool during the cutting and milling process, however, the cutting oil remained on the tool interferes with the transmission of light, thereby increasing the difficulty of detecting the state of the tool by using an optical detection method. In addition, in the cutting and milling process, part of scrap iron can be wound on or adsorbed on the cutter, so that an error exists in a detection result of the contact detection method.
Furthermore, in view of all the above-mentioned detection methods, the condition of the tool is detected or diagnosed in an off-line manner, i.e. the information is not available in real time during the cutting and milling process, so that extra time is required for detection, and the processing time is increased accordingly. The efficiency and cost of production on a production line are also in the most direct relationship, so how to obtain the maximum yield in the shortest time is also a key factor for reducing the cost, and if the increase of time cost caused by detecting the cutter is not easy to see in the industry, but if the number of times of detecting the cutter is reduced, the problem of vicious circle that the quality cannot be effectively controlled is also solved.
Therefore, how to provide a tool state detection technology to overcome various problems in the prior art is a technical problem to be solved by the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a tool status detecting system, which can detect the use status of a tool in real time during a machining process by installing a sensor on a main spindle of a machine table of a tool table through an auxiliary device without changing the mechanism of the tool table.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a tool status detecting system, which can detect the usable status of the tool in real time, improve the use efficiency of the tool, and improve the processing quality of the workpiece.
To achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a tool state detecting system for a tool machine, the tool machine including a machine spindle, the machine spindle being cylindrical and having a tool, wherein the tool state detecting system is configured to detect a state of the tool, and the tool state detecting system includes: the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least one C-shaped clamping ring locking structure; at least one sensor locked to the C-shaped clamping ring through the C-shaped clamping ring locking structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine main shaft when the cutter executes operation through the C-shaped clamping ring; and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the received sensing result.
Optionally, in the system for detecting a state of a cutting tool, the system further includes a wire arrangement structure and an electrical wire, the wire arrangement structure is locked to the C-shaped clamping ring through the C-shaped clamping ring locking structure, the electrical wire electrically connects the sensor and the state detection module, and the wire arrangement structure is used for arranging the electrical wire.
In addition, the present invention further provides a tool state detection system, which is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle, wherein the machine spindle is a cylinder and has a tool, and the tool state detection system is used for detecting a state of the tool, and includes: the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least one magnetic part; the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the magnetic part and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure; the sensor is locked and attached to the magnetic block body through the magnetic block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle when the cutter executes operation through the magnetic block body; and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the received sensing result.
Optionally, the system for detecting a state of a cutting tool further includes a first magnetic element disposed on the C-shaped clamp ring to form the magnetic portion, and a second magnetic element disposed on the magnetic block to magnetically attract the magnetic portion.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, the at least one magnetic block locking structure is a plurality of magnetic block locking structures, the at least one sensor is a plurality of sensors, and the plurality of sensors are respectively locked to the magnetic block through one of the magnetic block locking structures to respectively indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle when the tool performs the operation in a plurality of sensing directions through the magnetic block.
Optionally, the system for detecting a state of a cutting tool further includes a wire arrangement structure and an electrical wire, wherein the at least one magnetic portion is a plurality of magnetic portions, the wire arrangement structure is magnetically attracted to one of the magnetic portions and fixed to the C-shaped clamp ring, the electrical wire electrically connects the sensor and the state detection module, and the wire arrangement structure is used for arranging the electrical wire.
Further, the present invention provides a tool state detection system, which is used for a tool machine, the tool machine has a machine spindle, the machine spindle is a cylinder and has a tool, wherein the tool state detection system is used for detecting a state of the tool, and includes: the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft, and is provided with at least one C-shaped clamping ring locking structure and at least one magnetic part; the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the magnetic part and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure; at least one of the sensors is locked on the C-shaped clamping ring through the C-shaped clamping ring locking structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine main shaft when the cutter executes the operation through the C-shaped clamping ring: at least one of the sensors is locked to the magnetic block through the magnetic block locking structure, so as to indirectly sense the influence of the tool on the machine spindle when the tool is operated; and the state detection module receives the sensing results of the plurality of sensors in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the received sensing results.
Further, the present invention also provides a tool state detection system, which is used for a tool machine, the tool machine has a machine spindle, the machine spindle has magnetism and has a tool, wherein the tool state detection system is used for detecting a state of the tool, and includes: the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure; the sensor is locked and attached to the magnetic block body through the magnetic block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle when the cutter executes operation through the magnetic block body; and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing result.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, the at least one magnetic block locking structure is a plurality of magnetic block locking structures, the at least one sensor is a plurality of sensors, and the plurality of sensors are respectively disposed on the magnetic block through one of the magnetic block locking structures, so as to respectively indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle when the tool performs the operation in a plurality of sensing directions via the magnetic block.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, adjacent two of the plurality of sensing directions have a perpendicular orthogonal relationship therebetween; the magnetic block is a rectangular block.
In addition, the present invention further provides a tool state detection system, which is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle, the machine spindle being a cylindrical body and having a tool, wherein the tool state detection system is used for detecting a state of the tool, and includes: the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft and extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft; the serial block-shaped body is connected in series with the C-shaped clamping ring, so that the serial block-shaped body is combined with the C-shaped clamping ring and cannot rotate relatively, and the serial block-shaped body is provided with at least one serial block-shaped body locking structure; the sensor is locked and attached to the serial block body through the serial block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine main shaft when the cutter executes operation through the serial block body; and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the received sensing result.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, the at least one sensor is a sensor, and the sensor can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle when the tool performs the operation in a plurality of sensing directions.
Optionally, in the tool state detection system, a good product feature space model establishing module may be further included, wherein the sensor senses an influence on the machine spindle when the tool performs an operation, so as to generate sensing result time domain information, the sensing result time domain information includes good product sensing result time domain information, and the good product sensing result time domain information is generated by the sensor sensing an influence on the machine spindle when the tool belonging to a good product performs an operation; the good product characteristic space model establishing module performs time domain and frequency domain conversion processing on the good product sensing result time domain information to obtain good product sensing result frequency domain information, and collects representative main good product characteristics in the good product sensing result frequency domain information to establish a good product characteristic space model in a second frequency domain space; and the state detection module performs time domain and frequency domain conversion processing on the sensing result time domain information when the cutter performs operation so as to obtain first sensing result frequency domain information in a first frequency domain space, the first sensing result frequency domain information passes through the good product feature space model, second sensing result frequency domain information is obtained in a second frequency domain space, then the second sensing result frequency domain information passes through the good product feature space model, third sensing result frequency domain information is obtained in the first frequency domain space, and then the difference between the first sensing result frequency domain information and the third sensing result frequency domain information is compared, so that a cutter state index is generated for detecting the state of the cutter in real time.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, the frequency domain information of the good product sensing result has a representative main good product characteristic, which is obtained from a frequency multiplication defined by a rotation speed of the tool for performing the operation.
Optionally, in the tool state detecting system, the major good is characterized in that the second frequency domain space represents a second frequency domain major good characteristic, the second frequency domain space has a major axis and a minor axis in an orthogonal relationship, the second frequency domain major good is characterized in that a projection of the major axis is distributed in a first interval range, the second frequency domain major good is characterized in that a projection of the minor axis is distributed in a second interval range, wherein the first interval range is larger than the second interval range, so that the second frequency domain major good is characterized in that the major axis is more obvious than the minor axis, and the good sensing result frequency domain information can establish the good characteristic space model in the second frequency domain space according to the major axis.
Optionally, in the tool state detection system, representatives of the second frequency domain main good characteristics are retained in the good characteristic space model, and representatives of the second frequency domain main good characteristics are deleted.
In summary, the tool state detection system provided by the present invention can set a sensor on the machine spindle of the machine tool machine through the auxiliary tools such as the C-shaped clamp ring or the magnetic block without changing the mechanism design of the machine tool machine, and utilize the vibration signal generated by the contact between the captured tool and the workpiece during operation as the observation detection data, thereby solving the problem that the general tool state detection needs to interrupt the machining process for off-line detection, and the like, so that it is not necessary to spend extra time to detect the tool state, and the detection cost of the tool state can be reduced.
Furthermore, through the influence that the sensing cutter caused to the board main shaft when carrying out the operation, real-time generation sensing result time domain information, and through good product characteristic space model, through carrying out the conversion processing of time domain and frequency domain to sensing result time domain information, obtain first sensing result frequency domain information and third sensing result frequency domain information respectively in first frequency domain space, and through carrying out the difference comparison with first sensing result frequency domain information and third sensing result frequency domain information, the user state of real-time detection cutter, therefore, the user state that this application can detect the cutter at any time in the course of working, need not to spend extra time to do the detection, can reduce the detection cost of cutter. In addition, the detection result of the using state of the cutter obtained by the invention has high accuracy, the using efficiency of the cutter can be effectively improved, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a tool state detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 1B is an exploded view showing a portion of the components shown in FIG. 1A;
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the tool state detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2B is an exploded view showing a portion of the components shown in FIG. 2A;
FIG. 2C is an exploded view showing a portion of the components shown in FIG. 2B;
FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the tool state detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3B is an exploded view showing a portion of the components shown in FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a fourth embodiment of the tool state detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is an exploded view showing a portion of the components shown in FIG. 4A;
FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a fifth embodiment of the tool state detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 5B is a combination view showing a part of the members shown in FIG. 5A;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a C-shaped retaining ring of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the C-clamp shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a magnetic attraction block according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a magnetic attraction block according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing a first configuration of a tool state detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an application architecture of the tool state detection system shown in FIG. 10A;
FIG. 10C is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the tool of FIG. 10B on the spindle of the tool table during operation;
FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a second configuration of the tool state detection system according to the present invention;
FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an application architecture of the tool state detection system shown in FIG. 11A;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a basic flow of the tool state detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing one of a plurality of sections in a waveform of a complex vibration acceleration signal of the tool state detection system of the present invention; and
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the frequency components of each segment in the waveform of the developed vibration acceleration signal in the frequency domain for the tool state detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional schematic view showing a good product feature space model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Various modifications and changes may be made in the details within the description and the drawings without departing from the spirit of the invention. In particular, the relative proportions and positions of the various elements in the drawings are merely exemplary in nature, and are not intended to represent the actual conditions under which the present invention may be practiced.
The cutter state detection system provided by the invention has an auxiliary tool which can be used for combining a sensor with a tool machine, and can detect the usable state of the cutter in real time by sensing the influence of the cutter on a machine main shaft when the cutter executes operation under the condition of not changing the mechanism design of the tool machine, so that the usable state of the cutter can be detected in real time in the machining process of the tool machine, the problems that the detection of the usable state of the common cutter needs to interrupt a machining program for offline detection and the like are solved, and the detection cost of the cutter can be greatly reduced because the detection of the cutter state can be carried out under the condition of not interrupting the machining program. In addition, the invention can detect the state of the cutter in real time, thereby improving the use efficiency of the cutter, and avoiding using the cutter with poor state (namely, being unusable) to execute a processing program on a workpiece, thereby improving the processing quality of the workpiece.
Furthermore, the invention mainly takes the state of the most initial (normal) machining program as a comparison difference target, then repeatedly executes the same machining program, and outputs a single comparison index in real time in the machining process to be used as a basis for judging whether the machining program is different from the normal state, thereby being capable of judging whether the cutter has an abnormal state in real time. Furthermore, it should be noted that the above comparison index can also be extended to monitor the warning of abnormal state or the determination of tool quality in real time.
In addition, when the equipment repeatedly executes the same operation program, the normal operation state is used as a comparison difference target, and then the equipment repeatedly executes the same operation program and outputs a single comparison index in real time in the operation process, so that the comparison index is used as a basis for judging whether the equipment is in the normal operation state or not, and whether the use state of the equipment is abnormal or not is detected in real time. Therefore, the invention can also be applied to equipment state detection in the fields of mechanical arms, robots, automatic machine tables, motors, wind driven generators, engines (automobiles and airplanes) and the like.
For the disclosure of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1A to fig. 12 in the drawings of the present invention.
The cutter state detection system is applied to a tool machine table to detect the state of the cutter of the machine table main shaft of the tool machine table, so that the condition that the cutter with poor state (namely, can not be used) processes a workpiece is avoided, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved. As shown in fig. 10B and 10C, the tool machine 2 has a machine spindle 21 thereon, and the tool 22 is mounted on the machine spindle 21 and can be driven by the machine spindle 21 to rotate (as shown in fig. 1A) to perform a cutting operation on the workpiece 23. The tool 22 is, for example, a tool 22 for performing a rotary cutting operation (i.e., as shown in fig. 1A), but not limited thereto, it may also be a tool 22 for performing a reciprocating linear cutting operation. Therefore, the tool state detection system 1 of the present invention can be used for the tool machine 2 to measure in real time whether the tool 22 is in a state different from normal (i.e. unusable) during a machining process such as cutting, milling or grinding, for example, the state of the tool 22 different from normal may be a tool abnormal state such as tool wear, tool breakage or blade wear, for example.
As shown in fig. 1A to 1B, the tool state detecting system 1 includes a C-shaped clamp ring 14, a plurality of sensors 11, a state detecting module 13, a wire arranging structure 15 and an electrical wire 16. The C-shaped clamp ring 14 is made of metal material, so as to be elastically clamped to the machine spindle 21 and extend around and closely attached to the axial wall surface of the machine spindle 21, so that the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 is also transmitted to the C-shaped clamp ring 14. It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1A to fig. 1B, the two ends of the C-shaped clamp ring 14 may be further provided with a combination structure 143, 144, such as a screw hole, respectively, and the combination structures 143, 144 may be combined with each other, so as to combine the two ends of the C-shaped clamp ring 14 together, so as to ensure that the C-shaped clamp ring 14 is elastically clamped to the machine spindle 21.
The sensor 11 may be at least one of an acceleration sensor, a strain sensor, a stress sensor and a voltage sensor, but not limited thereto, and other types of sensors for sensing the influence of the tool 22 on the machine spindle 21 during operation may be applied to the present invention. In the present invention, the sensor 11 is optionally disposed on the machine spindle 21, and does not directly contact with the tool 22 to avoid damage, so as to indirectly sense the influence of the tool 22 on the machine spindle 21 during the operation, and generate the sensing result time domain information, thereby indirectly sensing the use status of the tool 22.
In the present invention, the C-shaped clamp ring 14 has a plurality of C-shaped clamp ring locking structures 141, such as screw holes. More specifically, as shown in fig. 1A to 1B, the sensor 11 is locked to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 by the C-shaped clamp ring locking structure 141, and since the influence of, for example, vibration on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs work is also transmitted to the C-shaped clamp ring 14, the sensor 11 can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs work via the C-shaped clamp ring 14. The status detection module 13 is made of a circuit component, and can be electrically connected to the sensor 11 through the electrical wire 16, so as to receive the sensing result of the sensor 11 in real time when the cutter 22 performs operation, and accordingly detect whether the cutter 22 is in a usable status.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2A to fig. 2C, the tool state detecting system 1 of the present invention may be additionally provided with a first magnetic attraction body 181, a second magnetic attraction body 182, and a magnetic attraction block body 17 as shown in fig. 7. The magnetic attraction block 17 may be a rectangular block as shown in fig. 8, but may be a block with a trapezoidal cross section as shown in fig. 9. The first magnetic attraction element 181 and the second magnetic attraction element 182 are, for example, magnets, wherein the first magnetic attraction element 181 may be disposed on the C-shaped clamp ring 14 to form the magnetic portion 142, and the second magnetic attraction element 182 is disposed on the magnetic block 17 for magnetically attracting the magnetic portion 142 of the C-shaped clamp ring 14, so that the influence of vibration, for example, on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs an operation is also sequentially transmitted to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 and the magnetic block 17.
As shown in fig. 2A to 2C, the magnetic block 17 has a plurality of magnetic block locking structures 171, and one of the plurality of sensors 11 is locked to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 by the C-shaped clamp ring locking structure 141, so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 in the X-axis direction via the C-shaped clamp ring 14. In addition, two of the plurality of sensors 11 are locked to the magnetic block 17 by the magnetic block locking structure 171, so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 in two axial directions Y, Z through the magnetic block 17. Therefore, in the present invention, the plurality of sensors 11 can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 in a plurality of (at least three) sensing directions, such that the three sensing directions are the X, Y, Z axes which are perpendicular to each other as shown in fig. 2A to 2C. Of course, the plurality of sensors 11 may be replaced by one sensor 11 that can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs operations in a plurality of sensing directions, so that the number of sensors 11 required in the tool state detection system of the present invention can be reduced.
In addition, it should be noted that since the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 is also sequentially transmitted to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 and the magnetic block 17, the plurality of sensors 11 can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 caused by the operation of the tool 22 through the C-shaped clamp ring 14 and the magnetic block 17, that is, the plurality of sensors 11 can be disposed on the C-shaped clamp ring 14 or the magnetic block 17, respectively.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5A to 5B, the tool state detecting system 1 of the present invention may be additionally provided with a serial block 19, wherein the serial block 19 has at least one serial block locking structure 191. The tandem block locking structure 191 may provide locking of the sensor 11 to the tandem block 19. The connecting block 19 can be connected in series to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 by, for example, magnetic attraction, screwing, clamping, bolting, and/or joggling, so that the connecting block 19 and the C-shaped clamp ring 14 are combined and cannot rotate relatively, thereby ensuring that the relative positions of the sensor 11 on the connecting block 19 and the C-shaped clamp ring 14 are fixed, and thus, the influence of, for example, vibration on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs operation can be indirectly transmitted to the connecting block 19 through the C-shaped clamp ring 14, so that the sensor 11 can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs operation through the connecting block 19.
As shown in fig. 1A to fig. 1B, the wire arrangement structure 15 is made by bending a sheet metal material, and is locked to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 by the C-shaped clamp ring locking structure 141 for arranging the electrical wires 16, so as to prevent the electrical wires 16 from being accidentally wound and damaged when the cutter 22 performs work. Of course, not limited thereto, as shown in fig. 4A to 4B, the wire arrangement structure 15 may also be magnetically attracted to one of the plurality of magnetic portions 142 of the C-shaped clamp ring 14, so as to fix the wire arrangement structure 15 to the C-shaped clamp ring 14 to arrange the electrical wires 16, and further optionally, the wire arrangement structure 15 may also be fixed to the serial block 19 to arrange the electrical wires 16.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 3A to 3B, the tool status detecting system 1 of the present invention can also select to magnetically attract the magnetic block 17 to the magnetic machine spindle 21 without passing through the C-shaped clamp ring 14, so that the sensor 11 can indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle 21 when the tool 22 performs the operation through the magnetic block 17, thereby omitting the arrangement of the C-shaped clamp ring 14.
It should be noted that, when the tool 22 is used initially, the tool 22 is a good product due to low wear degree, so the present invention can indirectly sense the influence of the tool 22 belonging to a good product on the machine spindle 21 when performing the initial cutting operation by using the sensor 11, thereby generating the time domain information of the sensing result in the time domain as the time domain information of the good product sensing result belonging to the tool 22. More specifically, the present invention may also indirectly sense the influence of the good-quality tool 22 on the machine spindle 21 through the plurality of additional sensors 11 in each axial direction (for example, the X, Y, Z axial direction) of the machine spindle 21 or in each physical direction of the machine spindle 21, thereby generating more complete and accurate time domain information of the good-quality sensing result.
Referring to fig. 10B, the sensor 11 of the present invention is electrically connected to the sensor interface circuit and the signal processor 3 through the electrical wire 16, and the sensor interface circuit and the signal processor 3 are also electrically connected to the computer 4 through the electrical wire 16, so as to re-process the sensing result time domain information generated by the sensor 11 and transmit the re-processed sensing result time domain information to the computer 4, so that the computer 4 executes a default operation formula and an operation flow to detect the received sensing result time domain information, thereby determining the current serviceable status of the tool 22 (please refer to details later).
The following description of specific embodiments of the present invention is given by way of example:
as shown in fig. 10C, the sensor 11 is an acceleration sensor (i.e. an accelerometer) disposed on the machine spindle 21, when the machine spindle 21 drives the tool 22 to rotate to perform a cutting operation on the workpiece 23, the tool 22 is affected by the cutting resistance of the workpiece 23 to generate vibration, so that the machine spindle 21 driving the tool 22 to rotate is also affected to generate vibration, in this case, the sensor 11 (accelerometer) disposed on the machine spindle 21 can indirectly sense a physical parameter of the vibration of the tool 22 by collecting a vibration acceleration signal waveform of the current state of the machine spindle 21 in a time domain, and thus, a plurality of sections in the collected vibration acceleration signal waveform can be selected to generate sensing result time domain information. The frame-shaped circled place illustrated in fig. 13, i.e., one of the plural sections in the complex vibration acceleration signal waveform:
then, the generated sensing result time domain information may convert each section of the vibration acceleration signal waveform collected in the time domain into frequency domain information, respectively, using fourier transform (FFT), and the frequency components of each section in the vibration acceleration signal waveform are spread in the frequency domain, as shown in fig. 14. Due to the resonance effect, in the frequency components of each section expanded in the frequency domain, larger data values are obviously appeared at the frequency multiplication close to the tool rotation frequency f (i.e. 1f,2f,3f, … shown in fig. 14), and the data values can be used for judging the trend of the tool performing operation affecting the machine main shaft 21. It should be noted, however, that since the predetermined value and the actual value of the rotation speed of the tool 22 during cutting often have a difference, in practical applications, the data value on a certain frequency multiplication is extracted within an allowable error range on the certain frequency multiplication according to the difference condition of the rotation speed, and the maximum data value extracted within the allowable error range is used as the data value of the certain frequency multiplication.
Next, taking the data values of the frequency components expanded in fig. 14 with respect to the multiple frequency (1f,2f,3f …) of the tool rotation speed f as the detection observation variable term, the ith data can be expressed as:
wherein xi represents the frequency component of the ith section in the vibration acceleration signal waveform; x1i represents the data value of the i-th section frequency multiplication 1f in the vibration acceleration signal waveform (dimension 1: observation variable term 1); x2i represents the data value of the i-th section frequency multiplication 2f in the vibration acceleration signal waveform (dimension 2: observation variable term 2); xpi shows the data value of the i-th section frequency multiplication pf in the vibration acceleration signal waveform (dimension p: observation variable term p).
Referring to fig. 11A, the tool status detecting system 1 of the present invention may optionally add a good product feature space model building module 12. The good product feature space model establishing module 12 is configured to perform time-domain and frequency-domain conversion processing on the good product sensing result time-domain information generated by the sensor 11, so as to obtain good product sensing result frequency-domain information in, for example, a first frequency-domain space, and collect main representative good product features in the good product sensing result frequency-domain information, so as to establish a good product feature space model in, for example, a second frequency-domain space.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the frequency domain information of the good product sensing result has a representative main good product characteristic, which is obtained from a frequency of a multiple frequency (e.g. 1f,2f,3f … … pf in fig. 14) defined by the rotation speed of the cutting tool 22 performing the cutting operation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the difference comparison model establishing algorithm concept of the good product feature space model establishing module 12 is as follows:
x shown below represents a matrix of p × n dimensions, which is n (good product) measurement data containing p observation variables:
wherein [ xi1 xi2 … xin ] is an observation variable term i (i is 1 to p); and xi shown below represents the ith data of the X matrix:
shown below
Average of all data for jth observed variable
D shown below represents a matrix of p × n dimensions, which is n (good) measured data of n pens containing p observation variable terms, and the data is an average value of subtracted observation variable data:
wherein, di shown below represents the ith data of the matrix D:
in addition, in an embodiment of the invention, the main good is characterized in that the second frequency domain space represents a second frequency domain main good, wherein the second frequency domain space has a main axis and a secondary axis in an orthogonal relationship, and the second frequency domain main good is characterized in that a projection of the main axis is distributed in a first interval range, and the second frequency domain main good is characterized in that a projection of the secondary axis is distributed in a second interval range, wherein the first interval range is larger than the second interval range, so that the second frequency domain main good is characterized in that the main axis is more obvious than the secondary axis, and the good sensing result frequency domain information can establish the good feature space model in the second frequency domain space according to the main axis.
As shown in fig. 15, fig. 15 illustrates a two-dimensional spatial schematic of a good feature spatial model, where x1 is a first initial axis representing a second frequency-domain dominant good feature in the second frequency domain; x2 is a second initial axis representing a second frequency domain dominant good characteristic in the second frequency domain; z1 is a major axis representing major good characteristics in the second frequency domain; z2 is a minor axis representing a dominant good characteristic in the second frequency domain.
T shown below represents a transformation matrix, and the matrix Z, which is obtained by transforming the matrix D into a new frequency domain space by the transformation matrix represented by T, may be expressed as Z ═ TD. T shown below represents a matrix of p dimensions:
z shown below represents a matrix of p × p dimensions, which is the result of the transformation by matrix D via transformation matrix T:
wherein, [ zi1 zi2 … zin ] is an observation variable term i (i is 1 to p); and zi shown below represents the ith datum of the matrix Z:
preferably, representatives of the second frequency domain main good characteristics are reserved in the good characteristic space model, and representatives of the second frequency domain main good characteristics are deleted. Specifically, the good product feature space model establishing module 12 uses a transformation matrix for transforming the spatial dimension direction and a dimension direction with a small variation removed as a difference comparison model matrix (i.e., the good product feature space model) by a method for establishing a difference comparison model matrix for converging multiple variations (observation variables), as follows:
the variation of the matrix Z in each dimension axis is determined in a new dimension space as Var1, Var2, …, Varp, where: the variation Var1 of the matrix Z in the new dimension 1 direction can be represented; var ([ z ]11，z12，…，z1n]) The variance Var2 of the matrix Z in the new dimension 2 direction can be represented by Var ([ Z ] Z)21，z22，...，z2n]) Represents; the variance Varp of the matrix Z in the direction of the new dimension p can be represented by Var ([ Z ] Z)p1，zp2，…，zpn]) Represents;
the Var1, Var2, …, Varp variance values S are ranked as large as small as follows:
the following equation sequence demonstrates that the information in the k dimensional axes is selected and reserved according to the percentage q% covering the total variation degree of the data, namely, the unrepresentative one in the second frequency domain main good product characteristics is deleted, and the representational one in the second frequency domain main good product characteristics is reserved, so that the transformation matrix T becomes a difference comparison model matrix M, and the difference comparison model matrix M serves as a good product characteristic space model of the invention:
wherein the following difference comparison model matrix M is a k × p matrix:
the state detection module 13 is configured to perform time-domain and frequency-domain conversion processing on the sensing result time-domain information in real time when the tool 22 performs operation, so as to obtain first sensing result frequency-domain information in a first frequency-domain space, obtain second sensing result frequency-domain information in a second frequency-domain space by using the non-defective product feature space model for the first sensing result frequency-domain information, obtain third sensing result frequency-domain information in the first frequency-domain space by using the non-defective product feature space model for the second sensing result frequency-domain information, and compare a difference between the first sensing result frequency-domain information and the third sensing result frequency-domain information, thereby generating a tool state index to detect the state of the tool 22 in real time. In the present embodiment, the state detection module 22 is configured to execute a real-time difference comparison index calculation system, that is, only one set of data is collected each time, the data is converted into a new dimension space through the difference comparison model matrix, the transposed matrix of the difference comparison model matrix is converted back into the original dimension space, the difference degree before and after the data conversion is used as a tool state index (i.e., a difference comparison index) to detect the state of the tool 22 in real time, and the calculation system is described in detail with reference to the flowchart of fig. 10.
Fig. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams illustrating a second embodiment of a tool state detection system according to the present invention, wherein the tool state detection system 1 in the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment illustrated in fig. 10B in that the tool state detection system 1 is used for sensing an operating environment of a tool machine 2 to indirectly detect a state of a tool executing operation in the operating environment.
Referring to fig. 10B, in the present embodiment, the sensor 11 is disposed in an operating environment of the tool machine 2, and does not contact the machine spindle 21, and is used for sensing an influence of the tool 22 on the operating environment when performing an operation, so as to generate sensing result time domain information. In the embodiment, the sensor 11 may be a non-contact sensor such as a sound sensor, a light sensor, or a color sensor, but not limited thereto, and other types of sensors (including contact and non-contact sensors) for sensing the influence of the tool 22 on the working environment during the cutting operation may be suitable for this application. In addition, please refer to the above embodiments for the basic operation principle of the good product feature space model establishing module 12 and the state detecting module 13 in this embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Please refer to fig. 12, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a basic flow of a tool state detection method according to the present invention, the tool state detection method is applied to a tool machine for detecting a state of a tool of a machine spindle performing an operation in an operating environment, and an operation flow thereof is specifically described as follows:
step S31, the influence of the tool on the machine spindle or the working environment during the operation is sensed, so as to generate the sensing result time domain information, in this embodiment, when the tool is in the initial use state (i.e. the tool is in a good product state), the sensor 11 senses the influence of the tool 22 belonging to a good product on the machine spindle 21, so as to generate the sensing result time domain information in the time domain as the good product sensing result time domain information, that is, the good product sensing result time domain information is generated by the sensor sensing the influence of the tool belonging to a good product on the machine spindle or the working environment during the operation.
Step S32, performing time-domain and frequency-domain conversion on the good product sensing result time-domain information to obtain good product sensing result frequency-domain information, and collecting main representative good product features in the good product sensing result frequency-domain information to establish a good product feature space model in a second frequency-domain space. Specifically, according to the concept of the difference comparison model establishment executed by the good product feature space model establishment module, a difference comparison model matrix M shown as follows is obtained as the good product feature space model:
(Difference comparison model matrix M)
In step S33, when the tool executes the operation, the sensing result time domain information is subjected to time domain and frequency domain conversion processing in real time, so as to obtain the following first sensing result frequency domain information d in the first frequency domain space.
In step S34, the first sensing result frequency domain information d is processed by the good chip feature space model M to obtain a second sensing result frequency domain information y in the second frequency domain space as shown below.
That is, d generated in step S33 is converted into a new observation variable y using the difference alignment model matrix M.
Step S35, obtaining a third sensing result frequency domain information from the second sensing result frequency domain information y in the first frequency domain space by using the transposed good product feature space model (difference comparison model matrix) MT
I.e. again convert y to y using the transposed difference alignment model matrix MTThe concrete description is as follows:
step S36, obtaining the first sensing result frequency domain information d and the third sensing result frequency domain information
Generating a difference comparison index as a tool state index fd to detect the state of the tool in real time, specifically as follows:
wherein, fd is a tool state index, and a larger value of fd represents a larger difference from the original standard (good product feature space model) data group, which represents a condition that the tool state is not consistent with the good product feature and may cause an abnormal condition.
In addition, it should be noted that, in the operation of the tool state detecting system of the present invention, if more signals are collected and multiple sets of tool state indexes fd are generated, the tool state detecting system of the present invention takes the median of the multiple sets of tool state indexes fd, i.e., finds out one tool state index fd as a representative in the middle after sorting the multiple sets of tool state indexes fd, so as to reduce the risk that the determination accuracy is affected by the interference of the long-time trend determination due to the drastic change of the data of the tool state indexes fd.
In summary, the tool state detection system of the present invention utilizes the auxiliary tools such as the C-shaped clamp ring or the magnetic block to set the sensor on the main shaft of the machine tool, and utilizes the vibration signal generated by the contact between the tool and the workpiece during operation as the observation detection data, so as to solve the problem that the off-line detection of the general tool state detection requires the interruption of the machining process, and therefore, the extra time for detecting the tool state is not required, and the detection cost of the tool state can be reduced.
Moreover, a specific detection method mechanism is established, a difference comparison model is found out from a plurality of comparison characteristics and used as a non-defective characteristic space model, a single difference comparison index is calculated according to data collected in real time in the machining process by the difference comparison model and used as a cutter state index, and then whether the use condition of the cutter is consistent with the non-defective characteristic is judged.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A tool state detection system, wherein the tool state detection system is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle that is a cylinder and has a tool, and wherein the tool state detection system is configured to detect a state of the tool, and includes:
the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least a C-shaped clamping ring locking structure;
at least one sensor locked to the C-shaped clamping ring through the C-shaped clamping ring locking structure so as to indirectly sense the influence of the tool on the machine table main shaft when the tool executes operation through the C-shaped clamping ring; and
and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing result.
2. The system for detecting the status of a cutting tool according to claim 1, further comprising a wire arrangement structure and an electrical wire, wherein the wire arrangement structure is locked to the C-shaped clamping ring through the locking structure of the C-shaped clamping ring, the electrical wire electrically connects the sensor and the status detection module, and the wire arrangement structure is used for arranging the electrical wire.
3. A tool state detection system, wherein the tool state detection system is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle that is a cylinder and has a tool, and wherein the tool state detection system is configured to detect a state of the tool, and includes:
the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least one magnetic part;
the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the magnetic part and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure;
the sensor is locked and attached to the magnetic block body through the magnetic block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine table main shaft when the cutter executes operation through the magnetic block body; and
and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing result.
4. The system for detecting the status of a cutting tool according to claim 3, further comprising a first magnetic element and a second magnetic element, wherein the first magnetic element is disposed on the C-shaped clamp ring to form the magnetic portion, and the second magnetic element is disposed on the magnetic element to magnetically attract the magnetic portion.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one magnetically-attracted block-locking structure is a plurality of magnetically-attracted block-locking structures, the at least one sensor is a plurality of sensors, and the plurality of sensors are respectively locked to the magnetically-attracted block through one of the magnetically-attracted block-locking structures, so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle caused by the tool during operation in a plurality of sensing directions through the magnetically-attracted block.
6. The system of claim 3, further comprising a wire management structure and an electrical wire, wherein the at least one magnetic portion is a plurality of magnetic portions, the wire management structure is magnetically attracted to one of the plurality of magnetic portions and fixed to the C-shaped clamp ring, the electrical wire electrically connects the sensor to the status detection module, and the wire management structure is configured to manage the electrical wire.
7. A tool state detection system, wherein the tool state detection system is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle that is a cylinder and has a tool, and wherein the tool state detection system is configured to detect a state of the tool, and includes:
the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft, extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft, and is provided with at least one C-shaped clamping ring locking structure and at least one magnetic part;
the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the magnetic part and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure;
at least one of the sensors is locked on the C-shaped clamping ring through the C-shaped clamping ring locking structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine table main shaft when the cutter executes the operation through the C-shaped clamping ring: at least one of the sensors is locked to the magnetic block body through the magnetic block body locking structure, so that the magnetic block body indirectly senses the influence on the machine spindle when the cutter performs operation; and
and the state detection module receives the sensing results of the plurality of sensors in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing results.
8. A tool state detection system for a tool machine having a machine spindle that is magnetic and has a tool, wherein the tool state detection system is configured to detect a state of the tool, comprising:
the magnetic block body is magnetically attracted to the machine table main shaft and is provided with at least one magnetic block body locking structure;
the sensor is locked and attached to the magnetic block body through the magnetic block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine table main shaft when the cutter executes operation through the magnetic block body; and
and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing result.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one magnetically attractive block locking structure is a plurality of magnetically attractive block locking structures, the at least one sensor is a plurality of sensors, and the plurality of sensors are respectively disposed on the magnetically attractive block through one of the magnetically attractive block locking structures to indirectly sense the influence on the machine spindle caused by the tool operation in a plurality of sensing directions through the magnetically attractive block.
10. The tool state detection system of claim 5 or 9, wherein adjacent ones of the plurality of sensing directions have a perpendicular orthogonal relationship therebetween.
11. A tool state detection system, wherein the tool state detection system is used for a tool machine having a machine spindle that is a cylinder and has a tool, and wherein the tool state detection system is configured to detect a state of the tool, and includes:
the C-shaped clamping ring is clamped on the machine table main shaft and extends around the shaft wall surface of the machine table main shaft;
the serial block-shaped body is connected in series with the C-shaped clamping ring, so that the serial block-shaped body is combined with the C-shaped clamping ring and cannot rotate relatively, and the serial block-shaped body is provided with at least one serial block-shaped body locking structure;
the sensor is locked and attached to the tandem block body through the tandem block body locking and attaching structure so as to indirectly sense the influence on the machine table main shaft when the cutter executes operation through the tandem block body; and
and the state detection module receives the sensing result of the sensor in real time when the cutter executes operation, and detects the state of the cutter according to the sensing result.
12. The system of claim 1, 3, 7, 8 or 11, wherein the at least one sensor is a sensor that indirectly senses the effect of the tool on the machine spindle in multiple sensing directions.
13. The tool state detection system of claim 1, 3, 7, 8 or 11, further comprising a good product feature space model building module, wherein,
the sensor senses the influence on the machine main shaft caused by the cutter during operation, so as to generate sensing result time domain information, wherein the sensing result time domain information comprises good product sensing result time domain information, and the good product sensing result time domain information is generated by sensing the influence on the machine main shaft caused by the cutter belonging to a good product during operation by the sensor;
the good product characteristic space model establishing module performs time domain and frequency domain conversion processing on the good product sensing result time domain information to obtain good product sensing result frequency domain information, and collects representative main good product characteristics in the good product sensing result frequency domain information to establish a good product characteristic space model in a second frequency domain space; and
the state detection module performs time domain and frequency domain conversion processing on the sensing result time domain information when the cutter performs operation so as to obtain first sensing result frequency domain information in a first frequency domain space, the first sensing result frequency domain information passes through the good product feature space model, second sensing result frequency domain information is obtained in a second frequency domain space, then the second sensing result frequency domain information passes through the good product feature space model, third sensing result frequency domain information is obtained in the first frequency domain space, and then the difference between the first sensing result frequency domain information and the third sensing result frequency domain information is compared, so that a cutter state index is generated for detecting the state of the cutter in real time.
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| CN112894486A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-06-04 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | Cutter detection device, cutter detection system and cutter detection method |
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