CN110695617B - Machining process of section steel column - Google Patents
Machining process of section steel column Download PDFInfo
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- CN110695617B CN110695617B CN201810752789.4A CN201810752789A CN110695617B CN 110695617 B CN110695617 B CN 110695617B CN 201810752789 A CN201810752789 A CN 201810752789A CN 110695617 B CN110695617 B CN 110695617B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/32—Columns; Pillars; Struts of metal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a section steel column processing technology, relates to the field of building steel structure processing, and solves the problems that the existing section steel column is corrected through external force after welding is finished, the internal structure of the steel column is damaged, and the overall quality of the section steel column is influenced, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) lofting; (2) manufacturing a sample plate or a sample rod; (3) material marking; (4) blanking and cutting; (5) processing a welding groove; (6) hole making; (7) bending; (8) assembling the welding H-shaped section component; (9) welding the H-shaped section component; (10) assembling a closed box-shaped section component; (11) welding a closed box-shaped section component; (12) the welding deformation is controlled by adopting a preheating mode in the welding process, correction and modulation are not needed after the assembly is finished, and therefore the internal structure of the section steel column cannot be damaged, and the overall construction quality of the section steel column is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building steel structure processing, in particular to a section steel column processing technology.
Background
In recent years, composite structures of steel and concrete have been developed in the field of buildings in China, such as high-rise buildings, large-span bridges, industrial plants, subway station posts, and the like. The section steel column is a very common engineering structure, and the main difficulty in the construction process is the control of welding deformation.
In the prior art, a method for welding and constructing a cross-shaped steel column is disclosed in a Chinese patent application with an authorization publication number of CN103510714A, and the adopted process flow comprises the steps of selecting, lofting, blanking, supporting H-shaped steel, manufacturing T-shaped steel, correcting, edge processing, assembling a cross column, welding the cross column, installing and welding a top plate and a baseboard, correcting and straightening, cleaning a hanging plate, and checking, accepting and leaving a factory; the assembly precision is ensured by adopting automatic assembly and a tool clamp; for welding deformation, a proper welding process and necessary mechanical and flame straightening are adopted, and an integral hoisting installation mode is adopted for field installation.
The construction process corrects the H-shaped steel and the T-shaped steel, but mostly adopts external force to straighten the H-shaped steel and the T-shaped steel, and does not adopt proper means to control welding deformation in the welding process, so that the straightening and straightening are needed to be corrected through the external force after the welding is finished, certain damage is caused to the internal structure of the section steel column, and the integral construction quality of the section steel column is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a section steel column processing technology, which controls welding deformation in a preheating mode in the welding process, does not need to be corrected after assembly is finished, so that the internal structure of the section steel column cannot be damaged, and the integral construction quality of the section steel column is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a section steel column processing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) lofting: lofting and blanking firstly requires familiarity with drawings and related technical requirements, lines need to be drawn according to actual sizes according to specific conditions of components during lofting, and the width of the lofting line is not more than 0.5mm for components with higher quality requirements; cutting allowance, machining allowance or welding shrinkage must be considered during lofting, the cutting allowance, the machining allowance or the welding shrinkage should be checked with drawings after lofting is finished, and a sample plate or a sample rod is copied after the error is checked;
(2) and (3) preparing a sample plate or a sample rod: the material of the template or the template rod should be thin steel plate or flat steel as much as possible, such as components which are manufactured indoors and have small quantity, and template paper or felt paper and the like can be used for manufacturing the template; the templates or sample rods must be firmly combined if needed to be spliced; the templates or sample rods must be kept properly without damage, bending or other deformation, so as not to affect the quality of the members;
(3) material marking: before material marking, a material marking person must carefully verify the specification, the brand and the appearance quality of the material; when marking the materials, the materials are arranged according to the requirements of a process diagram, the length is matched, the materials are larger firstly and then smaller or the materials are marked in a sleeving manner, so that the materials are fully utilized, and the loss rate is reduced to the minimum quantity; firstly, components with more welding seams and large processing amount are required to be manufactured; when marking a mark material, properly increasing cutting allowance according to the thickness of the material and a cutting method; when the sample plate or the sample rod is used for material marking, a material marking person needs to carefully check the sample or the sample rod before marking each time, and the sample or the sample rod is subjected to accurate material marking after the accuracy is confirmed to be correct. The material must be carefully operated during material marking, and the material cannot deflect so as to avoid influencing the quality of the component;
(4) blanking and cutting: calculating the blanking size by using the sample plate, directly drawing a processing boundary line of the shape of the part on the surface of the plate or the section steel, and then cutting and blanking;
(5) welding groove machining: the type and the size of the welding groove are processed according to the welding process specification of the pattern and the component; when the welding groove processing method is determined, mechanical processing methods such as planing, grinding, edge shoveling, milling and the like are selected as much as possible; when the welding groove is allowed to be processed by adopting a gas cutting or plasma arc cutting method, automatic or semi-automatic cutting is preferably adopted, and when the welding groove and back gouging of the welding seam are allowed to be processed by adopting a carbon arc gouging method, the operation can ensure that the gouging groove is straight and uniform in depth, and semi-automatic carbon arc gouging can be adopted under certain conditions;
(6) hole making: forming holes on the steel plate; trial drilling is carried out before formal drilling, formal drilling can be carried out when formal drilling is confirmed through inspection, and drilling can be carried out on holes requiring high drilling precision by means of a qualified drill jig device after inspection;
(7) bending: bending the section, wherein the main process methods of the section bending comprise press bending, roll bending, top bending, stretch bending and simmering bending;
(8) assembling the welded H-shaped section component: the H-shaped member assembly should be performed on an assembly bench. Before assembly, a welding frame is arranged according to the requirements of the length, width and height of the component; when the flange plates for welding the H-shaped steel need to be spliced, the flange plates can be spliced in the length direction; the splicing seam for splicing the web plates can be in a cross shape or a T shape; the distance between the flange plate splicing seam and the web plate splicing seam is not less than 200mm, and the flange plate splicing length is not less than 2 times of the plate width; the web splicing width should not be less than 300mm and the length should not be less than 600 mm. Splicing welding is carried out before the assembly of the H-shaped steel; spot welding is carried out on the assembly mould, the spot welding distance is less than or equal to 200mm, double-side spot welding is carried out, a support rod is added, the spot welding height is 2/3 of a welding line and is not more than 8mm, and the length of the welding line is not less than 25 mm; after the welding assembly is finished and the welding assembly is qualified, the welding assembly can be sent to a welding workbench to be welded by utilizing manual arc welding or carbon dioxide gas shielded welding;
(9) welding the H-shaped section member: preheating the plate before welding, controlling the preheating temperature to be 100-150 ℃, controlling the preheating area to be positioned at two sides of a welding bead, and controlling the width of each side to be more than two times of the welding thickness and not to be less than 100 mm; then welding the H-shaped end face component;
(10) assembling the closed box-shaped section member: before assembly, sundries such as oxide skin, oil stain and the like in the welding area range need to be cleaned. When the box body is assembled, a spot welder must execute strictly according to a welding process procedure, and cannot randomly initiate an arc on a base material outside a welding area; firstly, assembling a positioning clapboard and a stiffening plate on a box body main board on an assembling platform, wherein the positioning clapboard is generally 200mm away from two ends of the main board, and the distance between process clapboards is 1000-1500 mm; then assembling the other two opposite main boards into a groove shape, and carrying out spot welding by manual arc welding or carbon dioxide arc welding; checking whether the groove shape is distorted or not, carrying out nondestructive inspection on 3 welding seams of the stiffening plate, sealing the fourth plate after the 3 welding seams are qualified, and correcting after spot welding forming; welding arc striking plates at two ends of the column, wherein the material and the groove form of the arc striking plates are the same as those of a weldment;
(11) welding a closed box-shaped section component: preheating is carried out before welding, the preheating temperature is preferably controlled to be 100-150 ℃, the width of each side of a preheating area on two sides of a welding bead is more than 2 times of the thickness of a weldment and is not less than 100 mm; welding four-edge welding seams of the column according to the requirements of a welding process, bottoming by adopting carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, and automatically welding and filling a cover surface by submerged arc welding; welding 4 main welding seams of the box body, and welding the welding seams at the other two sides of the stiffening plate by using electroslag welding of a melting nozzle after the welding is finished and the inspection is qualified; two opposite welding seams are symmetrically welded by two electroslag welders;
(12) assembling section steel columns: before assembling the cross column, a process partition plate is manufactured to facilitate assembling and positioning of the cross column. The contact surface of the process partition plate and the component requires end milling, and a 90-degree right angle must be formed between edges to ensure the perpendicularity of the cross section of the cross column; before assembly, all impurities such as rust, oxide skin, splash, rough edges and the like in a welding area are removed; and (4) placing the H-shaped steel on an assembly platform, and assembling the process partition plate to a corresponding position. Putting the T-shaped steel on the H-shaped steel, and performing primary positioning by using a process partition plate; for the cross column without the process partition plate and with the flange stiffening plate, firstly, a temporary process partition plate is adopted for preliminary positioning, then, a square rule and a tape measure are used for checking that the external dimension is qualified, the stiffening plate is assembled, and after the cross column is welded, the temporary process partition plate is removed; and (5) checking the diagonal dimension and the verticality of the end surface of the cross column and the flatness of the end surface by using a square and a tape measure. Adjusting the condition that the requirement is not met; and after the inspection is qualified, spot welding and fixing.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, preheat the temperature before carrying out the welding, preheat temperature control 100 ~ 150 degrees again for among the welding process and after the welding finishes, just welding deformation significantly reduces, need not to carry out external force after the welding finishes to shaped steel post and correct, thereby can not cause the damage to shaped steel post inner structure, thereby improved the holistic construction quality of shaped steel post.
The invention is further configured to: and (2) when lofting is performed in the step (1), a special lofting platform is required, the lofting platform is smooth, and the reference line is clear and clear.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the precision when lofting can be improved to the lofting platform is level and smooth and the datum line is clear, clear to improve the quality of shaped steel post.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (3), before material marking, a material marking person needs to clean oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface of the material.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, clear away greasy dirt, cinder etc. on material surface totally, can reduce greasy dirt and cinder in the middle of later stage material and welded process to the influence of material and welding precision to improve later stage material and welded precision, thereby the better quality that improves the shaped steel post.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (4), the material is corrected and corrected before steel blanking, and the corrected deviation value should not exceed the allowable deviation value specified by the specification and design so as to ensure the blanking quality.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rectify the material before the unloading, rectify unqualified correcting again, make its roughness satisfy the requirement to improve the precision of unloading, guarantee the unloading quality.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (6), a factory lathe is adopted for hole making during hole making, and oxygen is strictly forbidden to cut and open holes on site.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, there is great error in the position and the trompil precision of oxygen cutting trompil on the scene, the precision of improvement system hole that adopts mill's lathe system hole can be better.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (8), the flange plates and the web plates are corrected before assembly, the planes of the plates are flattened by a flat machine, side bends are corrected by flame, and the wide plates are subjected to reversible deformation processing.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rectify flange plate and web, the roughness of assurance flange plate and web that can be better to improve the precision of equipment.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (8), before assembly, a supporting bolt or a sizing block of the assembly mold is adjusted to enable the center of the web plate thickness to be aligned with the center of the width of the flange plate, then the web plate is placed first, the flange plate is placed next time, the size and the verticality of the H-shaped section are adjusted through a wedge and an angle square, and the assembly gap is controlled to be 2-4 mm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, install according to this order, the precision of improvement installation that can be better to assembly clearance control also can improve the precision of later stage welding at 2 ~ 4 mm.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (11), after welding, cutting off the arc striking plate and the leading-out plate by gas cutting, and polishing the arc striking plate and the leading-out plate to be flat without hammering.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the hammer to beat and to fall and can lead to the fact certain damage to the body of shaped steel post for crooked or arch appears in the position that shaped steel post and kickoff are close to, this kind of problem then can not appear in the mode that adopts the cutting.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the process flow of the invention comprises: (1) lofting; (2) manufacturing a sample plate or a sample rod; (3) material marking; (4) blanking and cutting; (5) processing a welding groove; (6) hole making; (7) bending; (8) assembling the welding H-shaped section component; (9) welding the H-shaped section component; (10) assembling a closed box-shaped section component; (11) welding a closed box-shaped section component; (12) the process flow is adopted for assembling the section steel column, the welding deformation is controlled in a preheating mode in the welding process, correction is not needed after the assembling is finished, and therefore the internal structure of the section steel column cannot be damaged, and the overall construction quality of the section steel column is improved.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: a section steel column processing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) lofting: lofting and blanking firstly requires familiarity with drawings and related technical requirements, a special lofting platform is required during lofting, the lofting platform is smooth, and a reference line is clear and clear; marking a line according to the actual size according to the specific condition of the component during lofting, wherein the width of the lofting line is not more than 0.5mm for the component with higher quality requirement; cutting allowance, machining allowance or welding shrinkage must be considered during lofting, the cutting allowance, the machining allowance or the welding shrinkage should be checked with drawings after lofting is finished, and a sample plate or a sample rod is copied after the error is checked;
(2) and (3) preparing a sample plate or a sample rod: the material of the template or the template rod should be thin steel plate or flat steel as much as possible, such as components which are manufactured indoors and have small quantity, and template paper or felt paper and the like can be used for manufacturing the template; the templates or sample rods must be firmly combined if needed to be spliced; the templates or sample rods must be kept properly without damage, bending or other deformation, so as not to affect the quality of the members;
(3) material marking: before material marking, a material marking person must carefully verify the specification, the brand and the appearance quality of the material, and oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface of the material should be removed; when marking the materials, the materials are arranged according to the requirements of a process diagram, the length is matched, the materials are larger firstly and then smaller or the materials are marked in a sleeving manner, so that the materials are fully utilized, and the loss rate is reduced to the minimum quantity; firstly, components with more welding seams and large processing amount are required to be manufactured; when marking a mark material, properly increasing cutting allowance according to the thickness of the material and a cutting method; when the sample plate or the sample rod is used for material marking, a material marking person needs to carefully check the sample or the sample rod before marking each time, and the sample or the sample rod is subjected to accurate material marking after the accuracy is confirmed to be correct. The material must be carefully operated during material marking, and the material cannot deflect so as to avoid influencing the quality of the component;
(4) blanking and cutting: correcting and correcting the material before steel blanking, wherein the corrected deviation value does not exceed the allowable deviation value specified by the specification and design so as to ensure the blanking quality; calculating the blanking size by using the sample plate, directly drawing a processing boundary line of the shape of the part on the surface of the plate or the section steel, and then cutting and blanking;
(5) welding groove machining: the type and the size of the welding groove are processed according to the welding process specification of the pattern and the component; when the welding groove processing method is determined, mechanical processing methods such as planing, grinding, edge shoveling, milling and the like are selected as much as possible; when the welding groove is allowed to be processed by adopting a gas cutting or plasma arc cutting method, automatic or semi-automatic cutting is preferably adopted, and when the welding groove and back gouging of the welding seam are allowed to be processed by adopting a carbon arc gouging method, the operation can ensure that the gouging groove is straight and uniform in depth, and semi-automatic carbon arc gouging can be adopted under certain conditions;
(6) hole making: forming holes on the steel section plate by adopting a factory lathe, and strictly forbidding on-site cutting and forming holes by using oxygen; trial drilling is carried out before formal drilling, formal drilling can be carried out when formal drilling is confirmed through inspection, and drilling can be carried out on holes requiring high drilling precision by means of a qualified drill jig device after inspection;
(7) bending: bending the section, wherein the main process methods of the section bending comprise press bending, roll bending, top bending, stretch bending and simmering bending;
(8) assembling the welded H-shaped section component: the H-shaped member assembly should be performed on an assembly bench. Before assembly, a welding frame is arranged according to the requirements of the length, width and height of the component; before assembly, the flange plate and the web plate are corrected, the plane of the plate is leveled by a flat machine, the side bend is corrected by flame, and the wide plate is subjected to reversible deformation processing; when the flange plates for welding the H-shaped steel need to be spliced, the flange plates can be spliced in the length direction; the splicing seam for splicing the web plates can be in a cross shape or a T shape; the distance between the flange plate splicing seam and the web plate splicing seam is not less than 200mm, and the flange plate splicing length is not less than 2 times of the plate width; the web splicing width should not be less than 300mm and the length should not be less than 600 mm. Splicing welding is carried out before the assembly of the H-shaped steel; before assembly, firstly adjusting a supporting bolt or a sizing block of an assembly mold to ensure that the center of the thickness of a web plate is aligned to the center of the width of a flange plate, then sequentially placing the web plate, the flange plate and the flange plate, adjusting the size and the verticality of an H-shaped section by using a wedge and an angle square, and controlling the assembly gap to be 2 mm; spot welding is carried out on the assembly mould; spot welding distance is less than or equal to 200mm, double-side spot welding is carried out, a support rod is added, the spot welding height is 2/3 of a welding line and is not more than 8mm, and the length of the welding line is not less than 25 mm; after the welding assembly is finished and the welding assembly is qualified, the welding assembly can be sent to a welding workbench to be welded by utilizing manual arc welding or carbon dioxide gas shielded welding;
(9) welding the H-shaped section member: preheating the plate before welding, controlling the preheating temperature to be 100 ℃ again, controlling the preheating zone to be positioned at two sides of a welding bead, and controlling the width of each side to be more than twice of the welding thickness and not to be less than 100 mm; then welding the H-shaped end face component;
(10) assembling the closed box-shaped section member: before assembly, sundries such as oxide skin, oil stain and the like in the welding area range need to be cleaned. When the box body is assembled, a spot welder must execute strictly according to a welding process procedure, and cannot randomly initiate an arc on a base material outside a welding area; firstly, assembling a positioning clapboard and a stiffening plate on a box body main board on an assembling platform, wherein the positioning clapboard is generally 200mm away from two ends of the main board, and the distance between the process clapboards is 1000 mm; then assembling the other two opposite main boards into a groove shape, and carrying out spot welding by manual arc welding or carbon dioxide arc welding; checking whether the groove shape is distorted or not, carrying out nondestructive inspection on 3 welding seams of the stiffening plate, sealing the fourth plate after the 3 welding seams are qualified, and correcting after spot welding forming; welding arc striking plates at two ends of the column, wherein the material and the groove form of the arc striking plates are the same as those of a weldment;
(11) welding a closed box-shaped section component: preheating is carried out before welding, the preheating temperature is preferably controlled to be 100 ℃, the preheating area is arranged at two sides of a welding bead, the width of each side is more than 2 times of the thickness of a weldment and is not less than 100 mm; welding four-edge welding seams of the column according to the requirements of a welding process, bottoming by adopting carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, and automatically welding and filling a cover surface by submerged arc welding; welding 4 main welding seams of the box body, and welding the welding seams at the other two sides of the stiffening plate by using electroslag welding of a melting nozzle after the welding is finished and the inspection is qualified; two opposite welding seams are symmetrically welded by two electroslag welders; after welding, cutting off an arc striking plate and an extraction plate by gas cutting, and polishing to be flat without hammering;
(12) assembling section steel columns: before assembling the cross column, a process partition plate is manufactured to facilitate assembling and positioning of the cross column. The contact surface of the process partition plate and the component requires end milling, and a 90-degree right angle must be formed between edges to ensure the perpendicularity of the cross section of the cross column; before assembly, all impurities such as rust, oxide skin, splash, rough edges and the like in a welding area are removed; and (4) placing the H-shaped steel on an assembly platform, and assembling the process partition plate to a corresponding position. Putting the T-shaped steel on the H-shaped steel, and performing primary positioning by using a process partition plate; for the cross column without the process partition plate and with the flange stiffening plate, firstly, a temporary process partition plate is adopted for preliminary positioning, then, a square rule and a tape measure are used for checking that the external dimension is qualified, the stiffening plate is assembled, and after the cross column is welded, the temporary process partition plate is removed; and (5) checking the diagonal dimension and the verticality of the end surface of the cross column and the flatness of the end surface by using a square and a tape measure. Adjusting the condition that the requirement is not met; and after the inspection is qualified, spot welding and fixing.
Example two: a section steel column processing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) lofting: lofting and blanking firstly requires familiarity with drawings and related technical requirements, a special lofting platform is required during lofting, the lofting platform is smooth, and a reference line is clear and clear; marking a line according to the actual size according to the specific condition of the component during lofting, wherein the width of the lofting line is not more than 0.5mm for the component with higher quality requirement; cutting allowance, machining allowance or welding shrinkage must be considered during lofting, the cutting allowance, the machining allowance or the welding shrinkage should be checked with drawings after lofting is finished, and a sample plate or a sample rod is copied after the error is checked;
(2) and (3) preparing a sample plate or a sample rod: the material of the template or the template rod should be thin steel plate or flat steel as much as possible, such as components which are manufactured indoors and have small quantity, and template paper or felt paper and the like can be used for manufacturing the template; the templates or sample rods must be firmly combined if needed to be spliced; the templates or sample rods must be kept properly without damage, bending or other deformation, so as not to affect the quality of the members;
(3) material marking: before material marking, a material marking person must carefully verify the specification, the brand and the appearance quality of the material, and oil stains, oxide scales and the like on the surface of the material should be removed; when marking the materials, the materials are arranged according to the requirements of a process diagram, the length is matched, the materials are larger firstly and then smaller or the materials are marked in a sleeving manner, so that the materials are fully utilized, and the loss rate is reduced to the minimum quantity; firstly, components with more welding seams and large processing amount are required to be manufactured; when marking a mark material, properly increasing cutting allowance according to the thickness of the material and a cutting method; when the sample plate or the sample rod is used for material marking, a material marking person needs to carefully check the sample or the sample rod before marking each time, and the sample or the sample rod is subjected to accurate material marking after the accuracy is confirmed to be correct. The material must be carefully operated during material marking, and the material cannot deflect so as to avoid influencing the quality of the component;
(4) blanking and cutting: correcting and correcting the material before steel blanking, wherein the corrected deviation value does not exceed the allowable deviation value specified by the specification and design so as to ensure the blanking quality; calculating the blanking size by using the sample plate, directly drawing a processing boundary line of the shape of the part on the surface of the plate or the section steel, and then cutting and blanking;
(5) welding groove machining: the type and the size of the welding groove are processed according to the welding process specification of the pattern and the component; when the welding groove processing method is determined, mechanical processing methods such as planing, grinding, edge shoveling, milling and the like are selected as much as possible; when the welding groove is allowed to be processed by adopting a gas cutting or plasma arc cutting method, automatic or semi-automatic cutting is preferably adopted, and when the welding groove and back gouging of the welding seam are allowed to be processed by adopting a carbon arc gouging method, the operation can ensure that the gouging groove is straight and uniform in depth, and semi-automatic carbon arc gouging can be adopted under certain conditions;
(6) hole making: forming holes on the steel section plate by adopting a factory lathe, and strictly forbidding on-site cutting and forming holes by using oxygen; trial drilling is carried out before formal drilling, formal drilling can be carried out when formal drilling is confirmed through inspection, and drilling can be carried out on holes requiring high drilling precision by means of a qualified drill jig device after inspection;
(7) bending: bending the section, wherein the main process methods of the section bending comprise press bending, roll bending, top bending, stretch bending and simmering bending;
(8) assembling the welded H-shaped section component: the H-shaped member assembly should be performed on an assembly bench. Before assembly, a welding frame is arranged according to the requirements of the length, width and height of the component; before assembly, the flange plate and the web plate are corrected, the plane of the plate is leveled by a flat machine, the side bend is corrected by flame, and the wide plate is subjected to reversible deformation processing; when the flange plates for welding the H-shaped steel need to be spliced, the flange plates can be spliced in the length direction; the splicing seam for splicing the web plates can be in a cross shape or a T shape; the distance between the flange plate splicing seam and the web plate splicing seam is not less than 200mm, and the flange plate splicing length is not less than 2 times of the plate width; the web splicing width should not be less than 300mm and the length should not be less than 600 mm. Splicing welding is carried out before the assembly of the H-shaped steel; before assembly, firstly adjusting a supporting bolt or a sizing block of an assembly mold to ensure that the center of the thickness of a web plate is aligned to the center of the width of a flange plate, then sequentially placing the web plate, the flange plate and the flange plate, adjusting the size and the verticality of an H-shaped section by using a wedge and an angle square, and controlling the assembly gap to be 4 mm; spot welding is carried out on the assembly mould; spot welding distance is less than or equal to 200mm, double-side spot welding is carried out, a support rod is added, the spot welding height is 2/3 of a welding line and is not more than 8mm, and the length of the welding line is not less than 25 mm; after the welding assembly is finished and the welding assembly is qualified, the welding assembly can be sent to a welding workbench to be welded by utilizing manual arc welding or carbon dioxide gas shielded welding;
(9) welding the H-shaped section member: preheating the plate before welding, controlling the preheating temperature to be 150 ℃ again, controlling the preheating zone to be positioned at two sides of a welding bead, and controlling the width of each side to be more than twice of the welding thickness and not to be less than 100 mm; then welding the H-shaped end face component;
(10) assembling the closed box-shaped section member: before assembly, sundries such as oxide skin, oil stain and the like in the welding area range need to be cleaned. When the box body is assembled, a spot welder must execute strictly according to a welding process procedure, and cannot randomly initiate an arc on a base material outside a welding area; firstly, assembling a positioning clapboard and a stiffening plate on a box body main board on an assembling platform, wherein the positioning clapboard is generally 200mm away from two ends of the main board, and the distance between process clapboards is 1500 mm; then assembling the other two opposite main boards into a groove shape, and carrying out spot welding by manual arc welding or carbon dioxide arc welding; checking whether the groove shape is distorted or not, carrying out nondestructive inspection on 3 welding seams of the stiffening plate, sealing the fourth plate after the 3 welding seams are qualified, and correcting after spot welding forming; welding arc striking plates at two ends of the column, wherein the material and the groove form of the arc striking plates are the same as those of a weldment;
(11) welding a closed box-shaped section component: preheating is carried out before welding, the preheating temperature is preferably controlled to be 150 ℃, the preheating zone is arranged at two sides of a welding bead, the width of each side is more than 2 times of the thickness of a weldment and is not less than 100 mm; welding four-edge welding seams of the column according to the requirements of a welding process, bottoming by adopting carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, and automatically welding and filling a cover surface by submerged arc welding; welding 4 main welding seams of the box body, and welding the welding seams at the other two sides of the stiffening plate by using electroslag welding of a melting nozzle after the welding is finished and the inspection is qualified; two opposite welding seams are symmetrically welded by two electroslag welders; after welding, cutting off an arc striking plate and an extraction plate by gas cutting, and polishing to be flat without hammering;
(12) assembling section steel columns: before assembling the cross column, a process partition plate is manufactured to facilitate assembling and positioning of the cross column. The contact surface of the process partition plate and the component requires end milling, and a 90-degree right angle must be formed between edges to ensure the perpendicularity of the cross section of the cross column; before assembly, all impurities such as rust, oxide skin, splash, rough edges and the like in a welding area are removed; and (4) placing the H-shaped steel on an assembly platform, and assembling the process partition plate to a corresponding position. Putting the T-shaped steel on the H-shaped steel, and performing primary positioning by using a process partition plate; for the cross column without the process partition plate and with the flange stiffening plate, firstly, a temporary process partition plate is adopted for preliminary positioning, then, a square rule and a tape measure are used for checking that the external dimension is qualified, the stiffening plate is assembled, and after the cross column is welded, the temporary process partition plate is removed; and (5) checking the diagonal dimension and the verticality of the end surface of the cross column and the flatness of the end surface by using a square and a tape measure. Adjusting the condition that the requirement is not met; and after the inspection is qualified, spot welding and fixing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The machining process of the section steel column is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) lofting: lofting and blanking firstly requires familiarity with drawings and related technical requirements, lines need to be drawn according to actual sizes according to specific conditions of components during lofting, and the width of the lofting line is not more than 0.5mm for components with higher quality requirements; cutting allowance, machining allowance or welding shrinkage must be considered during lofting, the cutting allowance, the machining allowance or the welding shrinkage should be checked with drawings after lofting is finished, and a sample plate or a sample rod is copied after the error is checked;
(2) and (3) preparing a sample plate or a sample rod: the material of the sample plate or the sample rod adopts thin steel plates or flat steel, such as components which are manufactured indoors and have small quantity, and sample plate paper or oil felt paper can be used for manufacturing the sample plate; the templates or sample rods must be firmly combined if needed to be spliced; the templet or the templet rod must be kept properly without being damaged, bent or deformed so as not to affect the quality of the member;
(3) material marking: before material marking, a material marking person must carefully verify the specification, the mark and the appearance quality of the material, and oil stains and oxide scales on the surface of the material are cleaned; when marking the materials, the materials are arranged according to the requirements of a process diagram, the length is matched, the materials are larger firstly and then smaller or the materials are marked in a sleeving manner, so that the materials are fully utilized, and the loss rate is reduced to the minimum quantity; firstly, components with more welding seams and large processing amount are required to be manufactured; when marking a mark material, properly increasing cutting allowance according to the thickness of the material and a cutting method; when the sample plate or the sample rod is adopted for material marking, a material marking person needs to carefully check the sample or the sample rod before marking each time, and the sample or the sample rod is subjected to accurate material marking after the accuracy is confirmed to be correct; the material must be carefully operated during material marking, and the material cannot deflect so as to avoid influencing the quality of the component;
(4) blanking and cutting: calculating the blanking size by using the sample plate, directly drawing a processing boundary line of the shape of the part on the surface of the plate or the section steel, and then cutting and blanking;
(5) welding groove machining: the type and the size of the welding groove are processed according to the welding process specification of the pattern and the component; when the welding groove processing method is determined, mechanical processing methods such as planing, grinding, edge shoveling and milling are selected; when the welding groove is allowed to be processed by adopting a gas cutting or plasma arc cutting method, automatic or semi-automatic cutting is preferably adopted, and when the welding groove and back gouging of the welding seam are allowed to be processed by adopting a carbon arc gouging method, the operation can ensure that the gouging groove is straight and uniform in depth, and semi-automatic carbon arc gouging can be adopted under certain conditions;
(6) hole making: forming holes on the steel section plate by adopting a factory lathe, and strictly forbidding on-site cutting and forming holes by using oxygen; trial drilling is carried out before formal drilling, formal drilling can be carried out when formal drilling is confirmed through inspection, and drilling can be carried out on holes requiring high drilling precision by means of a qualified drill jig device after inspection;
(7) bending: bending the section, wherein the main process methods of the section bending comprise press bending, roll bending, top bending, stretch bending and simmering bending;
(8) assembling the welded H-shaped section component: assembling the H-shaped component on an assembling table; before assembly, a welding frame is arranged according to the requirements of the length, width and height of the component; when the flange plates for welding the H-shaped steel need to be spliced, the flange plates can be spliced in the length direction; the splicing seam for splicing the web plates can be in a cross shape or a T shape; the distance between the flange plate splicing seam and the web plate splicing seam is not less than 200mm, and the flange plate splicing length is not less than 2 times of the plate width; the splicing width of the web plate is not less than 300mm, and the length of the web plate is not less than 600 mm; splicing welding is carried out before the assembly of the H-shaped steel; before assembly, adjusting a supporting bolt or a sizing block of an assembly mold to enable the center of the web plate thickness to be aligned to the center of the flange plate width, then sequentially placing the web plate, the flange plate and the flange plate, adjusting the size and the verticality of the H-shaped section by using a wedge and an angle square, and controlling the assembly gap to be 2-4 mm; spot welding is carried out on the assembly mould; spot welding distance is less than or equal to 200mm, double-side spot welding is carried out, a support rod is added, the spot welding height is 2/3 of a welding line and is not more than 8mm, and the length of the welding line is not less than 25 mm; after the welding assembly is finished and the welding assembly is qualified, the welding assembly can be sent to a welding workbench to be welded by utilizing manual arc welding or carbon dioxide gas shielded welding;
(9) welding the H-shaped section member: preheating a plate before welding, wherein the preheating temperature is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, preheating regions are controlled to be positioned at two sides of a welding bead, the width of each side is more than two times of the welding thickness, and the width cannot be less than 100 mm; then welding the H-shaped end face component;
(10) assembling the closed box-shaped section member: before assembly, cleaning up oxide skin and oil dirt in the welding area range; when the box body is assembled, a spot welder must execute strictly according to a welding process procedure, and cannot randomly initiate an arc on a base material outside a welding area; firstly, assembling a positioning clapboard and a stiffening plate on a box body main board on an assembling platform, wherein the positioning clapboard is generally 200mm away from two ends of the main board, and the distance between process clapboards is 1000-1500 mm; then assembling the other two opposite main boards into a groove shape, and carrying out spot welding by manual arc welding or carbon dioxide arc welding; checking whether the groove shape is distorted or not, carrying out nondestructive inspection on 3 welding seams of the stiffening plate, sealing the fourth plate after the 3 welding seams are qualified, and correcting after spot welding forming; welding arc striking plates at two ends of the column, wherein the material and the groove form of the arc striking plates are the same as those of a weldment;
(11) welding a closed box-shaped section component: preheating is carried out before welding, the preheating temperature is preferably controlled to be 100-150 ℃, the width of each side of a preheating area on two sides of a welding bead is more than 2 times of the thickness of a weldment and is not less than 100 mm; welding four-edge welding seams of the column according to the requirements of a welding process, bottoming by adopting carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, and automatically welding and filling a cover surface by submerged arc welding; welding 4 main welding seams of the box body, and welding the welding seams at the other two sides of the stiffening plate by using electroslag welding of a melting nozzle after the welding is finished and the inspection is qualified; two opposite welding seams are symmetrically welded by two electroslag welders; after welding, cutting off an arc striking plate and an extraction plate by gas cutting, and polishing to be flat without hammering;
(12) assembling section steel columns: before assembling the cross column, a process partition plate is manufactured to facilitate the assembly and the positioning of the cross column; the contact surface of the process partition plate and the component requires end milling, and a 90-degree right angle must be formed between edges to ensure the perpendicularity of the cross section of the cross column; all rust, oxide skin, splashing and burrs in the welding area are removed before assembly; placing the H-shaped steel on an assembly platform, and assembling the process partition plates at corresponding positions; putting the T-shaped steel on the H-shaped steel, and performing primary positioning by using a process partition plate; for the cross column without the process partition plate and with the flange stiffening plate, firstly, a temporary process partition plate is adopted for preliminary positioning, then, a square rule and a tape measure are used for checking that the external dimension is qualified, the stiffening plate is assembled, and after the cross column is welded, the temporary process partition plate is removed; checking the diagonal dimension and the verticality of the end surface of the cross column and the flatness of the end surface by using a square and a tape measure; adjusting the condition that the requirement is not met; and after the inspection is qualified, spot welding and fixing.
2. The section steel column machining process according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) adopting a lofting platform when lofting is carried out in the step (1), wherein the lofting platform is smooth and the reference line is clear and clear.
3. The section steel column machining process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the material is corrected and corrected before steel blanking, and the corrected deviation value should not exceed the allowable deviation value specified by the specification and design so as to ensure the blanking quality.
4. The section steel column machining process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (8), the flange plates and the web plates are corrected before assembly, the planes of the plates are flattened by a flat machine, side bends are corrected by flame, and the wide plates are subjected to reversible deformation processing.
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| CN111794376A (en) * | 2020-06-13 | 2020-10-20 | 中国化学工程第十一建设有限公司 | Box-shaped steel structure column and processing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111702215B (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-11-12 | 安徽精工钢结构有限公司 | H-shaped steel flange plate perforating machine |
| CN112355501B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-12-07 | 广东港重绿建科技有限公司 | Deformation-preventing single-side assembling method for steel member |
| CN114043167A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-15 | 南通中远重工有限公司 | Construction process of track shoe of mining machinery |
| CN114654173A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-24 | 山东莱钢磁浮列车轨道工程有限公司 | Side-lying assembling method for main beam of movable formwork of bridge girder erection machine |
| CN115415744B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-09-08 | 江西金科力实业有限公司 | Single-sided welding forming process and device for auxiliary fuel tank of airplane |
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