CN107042388A - Prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures - Google Patents
Prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN107042388A CN107042388A CN201710192612.9A CN201710192612A CN107042388A CN 107042388 A CN107042388 A CN 107042388A CN 201710192612 A CN201710192612 A CN 201710192612A CN 107042388 A CN107042388 A CN 107042388A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, 1) material preparation；2) preparation before processing.(1) setting-out, model and sample bar；(2) rule；(3) cut：(4) edge processing and end processing；(5) drilling；(6) assemble；(7) weld.The prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures that the present invention is provided：1st, it is widely used：It is applicable to factory, warehouse, office building, gymnasium, hangar etc.；2nd, the construction time is short：All components are prefabricated in the factory completion, scene only need it is simple assembled, so as to substantially reduce construction period；3rd, durable in use, it is easy to repair, steel building can resist harsh weather, and only need to simply maintain；4th, both artistic and practical, steel building lines are succinctly smooth, with modern sense.Colored wall body has multiple color available, and wall can also use other materials, thus with more flexibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, more particularly, to a kind of prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures.
Background technology
Prefabricated house does office's civilian worker's dormitory suitable for various construction sites.It can also be used for flat-top and add layer, various warehouses etc..
Can arbitrarily dismount, be readily transported, conveniently moving, prefabricated house is suitably seated in hillside, hills, grassland, desert, riverside.It is not take up
Space, can be constructed to 15-160 square meters, and prefabricated house sanitary cleaning, inside plant is complete, the stability durability of prefabricated house
By force, it is specious generous, it is family tourism, holiday village, villa mountain villa, the first choice of public place of entertainment.It is designed by customer requirement,
Exquisite elegant, good heat insulating is cool in summer and warm in winter, and prefabricated house major part structure is completed in factory.The present invention provides a kind of prefabricated house
Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, it is specially：
1) material prepares
The mark of the ＞ steel of ＜ 1
Label should be established in the middle part of steel end, label will indicate that specification, grade of steel, quantity and the material acceptance certificate of steel are compiled
Number, end of steel is applied in different colors according to its grade of steel, and the label of steel should be inspected periodically；
The ＞ steel of ＜ 2 are examined, and steel are examined to the effect that：
A, steel quantity and kind；
B, the heat (batch) number of steel, grade of steel, chemical composition and mechanical performance；
C, the specification for checking steel, the allowable deviation of all kinds of steel sizes；
D, surface quality of steel are examined, no matter band steel, steel plate and shaped steel, its surface is not allow for scabbing, crackle, folding
And lamination defect；
The stock management of the ＞ steel of ＜ 3
A, steel surface coat colour code, specification and model, are stacked by kind, the trade mark, specification classification；
B, the steel to storage life more than certain time limit are handled in time, it is to avoid overstock and corrosion；
C, stock's steel should also have a scale book of physical length, use premise supply engineering department as blanking, match somebody with somebody
The foundation of material；
2) preparation before processing
The ＞ draft designs of ＜ 1 and examination drawing
The ＞ of ＜ 2 get the raw materials ready and checked
1. material is carried
A, the net consumption of material for calculating according to drawing material list various materials, specification, then add a number of loss, proposition
Material budget plan；
It B, when carrying material, need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, propose material budget
Plan；
C, when carrying material, it need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, construction budget is general
Numerical value that can be as needed for actual amount is further added by 10% progress and carries material and get the raw materials ready；
2. check
Specification, size and the quality of supplied materials are checked, material is carefully checked.
5th, the construction method and quality standard per procedure
(1) setting-out, model and sample bar
1. setting-out：
A, setting-out are the first procedures in whole Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, are also a vital procedure；
B, setting-out work include following content：Check the installation dimension and pitch-row of drawing：With 1:1 full-page proof releases node；
Check the size of each several part；Model and sample bar are made as the foundation of the processing such as blanking, curved material, milling, plane, drilling；
C, the instrument of setting-out material and equipment have：Scriber, punching pin, hand hammer, chalk line, curved chi, ruler, steel tape, big steel
Tape measure, scissors, small-sized plate shearing machine, bender.The verification that steel tape has to pass through metrological service is checked, and qualified can use；
With 1 when D, setting-out:1 ratio ejects full-page proof on model platform, when full-page proof is oversized, can divide ejection.To one
The component of a little triangles, if only required to its node, can reduce ratio ejection appearance, but should be noted that its precision.Put
The cross datum line of sample ejection, two wires must be vertical, then marks other each points and line one by one according to cross hairs, and in node
Size in sidenote, in case check and inspection；
2. sample, sample bar：
A, model typically make of 0.50~0.75 iron sheet or plastic plate.Sample bar typically makes of sheetmetal or band iron, when
Wooden rule bar is can use when length is shorter；
B, the steel tape as measuring length foundation, pay special attention to answer authorized measurement unit to go metering, and with inclined
Poor card, its margin of error, structure steel fabrication, installation, examination and civil engineering are proofreaded when using by the record numerical value of deviation card
Measurer, it is necessary to identified in same standard, should have identical accuracy class；
C, model, job number, figure number, Part No., quantity and processing side, groove position, folding line and curved should be indicated on sample bar
Roll over direction, aperture and rolling circle radius etc.；
D, due to production the need for, generally make and be adapted to variously-shaped and model and sample bar of size；
E, number material model to the planar shaped part that need not deploy have the following two kinds preparation method：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 draw sample method, i.e., directly make model on model material by the size of part drawing；
The ＞ of ＜ 2 cross sample method, then are that sample is covered on full pattern figure, further according to the extended line made in advance, draw model.For
Preservation full pattern figure, it is general using covering sample method, and when full pattern figure need not be preserved, then sample can be made using picture sample legal system
Plate；
F, above-mentioned model preparation method, the making of the model such as the number of being equally applicable to hole, card-type and shaping.When component is larger
When, the making of model can be spliced into flower stand using lath, to mitigate the weight of model, be easy to use.Model and sample bar should be properly
Preserve, until can be destroyed after engineering is complete.
(2) rule
Line also title material, i.e., using model, sample bar or according to drawing, draw the position and zero in hole on plate and shaped steel
The processing boundary of part shape, the general work content of number material includes：Check verification material；Cutting is marked in material, it is milling, plane, curved
The Working positions such as bent, drilling；Play punching；Mark out numbering of part etc..
(3) cut：
A, the method for steel blanking have oxyacetylene metal-cutting, machine-cut, punch die blanking and sawing etc.；
(4) edge processing and end processing
A, in steel construction processing, when drawing requirement or following positions generally require edge processing；
The machined surface that the drawings such as the ＞ beam flange plates of ＜ 1, bearing support face are required；
The ＞ welding grooves of ＜ 2；
The ＞ sizes of ＜ 3 require strict stiffener, dividing plate, web and perforated gusset plate；
<4>Conventional edge processing method mainly has：Shovel while, plane while, milling side, carbon arc air gouging, gas cutting and groove machining；
(5) drilling
A, hole machined occupy the use of certain proportion, especially high-strength bolt in manufacture of steel structure, make hole machined not
Only quantitatively, and in required precision all it is greatly improved；
B, drilling generally have two methods of drilling and punching；
Drilling is the method generally used in manufacture of steel structure, can be used for the steel plate of substantially any specification, the hole of shaped steel and add
Work.The principle of drilling is cutting, and the precision in hole is high, damages smaller to hole wall, punching is normally only used for compared with sheet metal and non-circular hole
Processing, and require that aperture is typically no less than the thickness of steel, though punching production efficiency is high, it is cold due to being produced around hole
Harden, the reason such as hole wall quality difference, it is less in manufacture of steel structure to use；
(6) assemble
Assembling, can also claim assembly, assembling, group vertical, and assembling procedure is that the semi-finished product and part that prepare completion are advised by drawing
Fixed delivery unit, is assembled into component or part, then connects the process being integrally formed；
(7) weld
A, soldering test and procedure qualification
The ＞ soldering tests of ＜ 1 and procedure qualification are the premises for ensureing Steel Structure Weld quality, only pass through soldering test and weldering
Optimal welding material, welding method, welding condition etc. can just be selected by connecing procedure qualification, to ensure the mechanics of plumb joint
Performance reaches design requirement, therefore, is provided according to national regulation, the steel that are used first to it, welding material, welding method,
Post weld heat treatment, should carry out qualification of welding procedure, should determine the welding procedure of guiding construction during production according to evaluation report；
The content and requirement, the steel used first of the ＞ welding procedure tests of ＜ 2, should do steel weldability test.
Above-mentioned prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, wherein：
Model is generally divided into four types：
Number hole model, is the model in the number of being exclusively used in hole；
Card-type model, be for simmering model that is bent or checking member bends shape, card-type model be divided into interior card-type model and
Two kinds of wild card pattern plate；
Formed template, is for simmering model that is bent or checking plane of bending shape；
Number material model, be for number material or number material with time signal hole model.
Above-mentioned prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, wherein：
Number material when should be noted that problems with：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 are familiar with work sheet, check whether model, model meet drawing requirement, according to drawing directly in plate and shaped steel
Shang number material when, should the number of inspection material size it is whether correct, to prevent produce mistake, cause waste product；
, should the processing of research in time when having crack, interlayer and thickness deficiency phenomenon on the ＞ of ＜ 2 such as materials；
When the ＞ steel of ＜ 3 have large curved, rough and uneven in surface problem, should first it be corrected；
During 4 No. ＞ material of ＜, it should be kept flat for the face more than larger shaped steel setting-out, to try to avert accidents；
The ＞ of ＜ 5 are cut out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing according to list of ingredients and model；
The ＞ of ＜ 6 should carry out line feeding when technique has regulation by defined direction, to ensure that part rolls texture to material
Proposed requirement；
The ＞ of ＜ 7 need the part sheared, and whether during number material to be considered as shear line reasonable, it is to avoid is unsuitable for shearing manipulation
Situation；
The ＞ different sizes of ＜ 8, different grade of steel part should distinguish number material, and number expect successively according to first big after small principle；
The ＞ of ＜ 9 expect the part number of putting together of equal wide or length；
The ＞ of ＜ 10 need the same component spliced must be with time signal material, in favor of splicing；
The ＞ rectangles models number of ＜ 11 are expected, to check whether sheet stock both sides are vertical, to be pulled if out of plumb vertical
Enter line number material after line again；
Parts of the ＞ of ＜ 12 with circular arc type, whether shearing or gas cutting, should not all be closely packed together into line number material, it is necessary to stay
There is gap, in favor of shearing or gas cutting；
When the ＞ steel plate lengths of ＜ 13 not enough need welding spreading, bevel shape and size must be indicated in seam crossing, in welding
With rule again after correction；
When the ＞ steel plates of ＜ 14 or shaped steel are cut using gas cutting, gas cutting slit width degree is released.
Above-mentioned prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, wherein：
Assembling procedure：
When there is hidden weld seam, it is necessary to first give construction to weld；
During arrangement assembly mold, it positions the surplus that must take into consideration pre- releasing welding contracted quantity and flush processing；
To reduce deformation, smallclothes group is taken to weld as far as possible, the big part assembling again after correction, mold and the initial workpiece that takes on must be through
Close inspection is crossed, can large quantities of carry out assembly works；
Solid point fusion length during assembling is preferably greater than 40mm, and spacing is preferably 500~600mm, and solid point weld bead height should not surpass
Cross the 2/3 of design weld bead height；
The splicing of sheet material, section bar, should be carried out before assembling；The assembling of component should assemble in part, weld, correct laggard
OK, to reduce the welding residual stress of component, it is ensured that the making quality of product；
The concealment part of component should carry out application in advance；
Control axis intersection point is wanted during the rod member assembling of truss structure, its tolerance cannot be greater than 3mm；
During assembling end plate require polishing hold out against or blasting treatment position, it, which holds out against contact surface, should more than 75% area
It is close to, with 0.3mm clearance gauge inspection, it is filled in area and should be less than 25%, and marginal gap not should be greater than 0.8mm；
Assembled good component should write figure number, component number and number of packages exactly, to look into immediately with paint in obvious domain number
Look for.
Above-mentioned prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, wherein：
The welding material used first, the content of its engineer testing is as follows：
1. welding rod performance comparison test；
2. arc stability is tested；
3. spatter loss coefficient is tested；
4. the weld seam removability of slag can be tested；
5. weld metal diffusible hydrogen content is tested；
6. weld(ing) deposit mechanical test；
7. parameters of welding procedure.
The present invention has the advantages that relative to prior art：
1st, it is widely used：It is applicable to factory, warehouse, office building, gymnasium, hangar etc.；
2nd, the construction time is short：All components are prefabricated in the factory completion, and scene only needs simple assembled, is applied so as to substantially reduce
The work cycle；
3rd, durable in use, it is easy to repair, steel building can resist harsh weather, and only need to simply maintain；
4th, both artistic and practical, steel building lines are succinctly smooth, with modern sense.Colored wall body has multiple color to be available for
Selection, wall can also use other materials, thus with more flexibility.
5th, cost is reasonable：Steel building reduces foundation cost from heavy and light, and construction speed is fast, can be constructed and put into operation early, comprehensive
Close economic benefit and be significantly better than concrete structure building.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process of production.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A kind of prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures：
1) material prepares
The mark of the ＞ steel of ＜ 1
Label should be established in the middle part of steel end, label will indicate that specification, grade of steel, quantity and the material acceptance certificate of steel are compiled
Number, end of steel is applied in different colors according to its grade of steel, and the label of steel should be inspected periodically；
The ＞ steel of ＜ 2 are examined, and steel are examined to the effect that：
A, steel quantity and kind；
B, the heat (batch) number of steel, grade of steel, chemical composition and mechanical performance；
C, the specification for checking steel, the allowable deviation of all kinds of steel sizes；
D, surface quality of steel are examined, no matter band steel, steel plate and shaped steel, its surface is not allow for scabbing, crackle, folding
And lamination defect；
The stock management of the ＞ steel of ＜ 3
A, steel surface coat colour code, specification and model, are stacked by kind, the trade mark, specification classification；
B, the steel to storage life more than certain time limit are handled in time, it is to avoid overstock and corrosion；
C, stock's steel should also have a scale book of physical length, use premise supply engineering department as blanking, match somebody with somebody
The foundation of material；
2) preparation before processing
The ＞ draft designs of ＜ 1 and examination drawing
1. draft design
A, the draft design of structural steelwork are to be responsible for progress by my unit.The processing and fabricating of structural steelwork, typically should
Follow following job orders：
B, in my unit processing factory draft design is carried out, its advantage is to disclosure satisfy that structure processing factory condition and construction are practised
It is used, it is easy to use advanced technology, economic benefit is higher.
The rule that C, the design of detail drawing should be used according to defined in the Technology design drawing and file of giving out a contract for a project of construction unit
Model, standard and requirement are carried out.This requires unit in charge of construction oneself to have the draft design ability of enough levels.
D, in order to purchase and (order) steel as early as possible, typically should order steel while draft design.So, examined in detail drawing
Criticize steel when completing to reach, go into operation production immediately.
2. drawing is examined：
A, the purpose for examining drawing, are on the one hand that can the depth that check layout design meet the requirement of construction, verification figure
The quantity and installation dimension of paper upper member, check between component there is noncontradictory etc.；On the other hand technique examination ＆ verification also is carried out to drawing,
Examine technically whether reasonable, whether construction is easy to the technical requirements on construction, drawing by the construction level of process unit
It can realize.
B, the main contents of drawing examination include following items：
1. whether design document is complete, and design document includes design drawing, construction drawing, drawing explanation and design alteration and notified
Deng.
2. whether the physical dimension of component marks complete.
3. whether the size of associated components is correct.
4. whether node is clear, if meet national standard.
5. whether the quantity of title bar inner member meets the total quantity of engineering.
6. whether the type of attachment between component is reasonable.
7. whether finish mark, welding symbol are complete.
Can the equipment and technical conditions that our unit 8. combined consider, meet the technical requirements on drawing.
9. whether the standardization of drawing meets national regulation etc..
Will confide a technological secret preparation after drawing review, and its content mainly has：
1. the position of raw material docking concept and joint in component is considered according to scantling.
2. consider totality adds process program and important frock scheme.
3. at the unreasonable structure of the component or place having any problem of constructing, change is carried out with demander or designing unit
The formality of visa.
4. list the key position in drawing or have the place of particular/special requirement, stressed.
The ＞ of ＜ 2 get the raw materials ready and checked
1. material is carried
A, the net consumption of material for calculating according to drawing material list various materials, specification, then add a number of loss, proposition
Material budget plan；
It B, when carrying material, need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, propose material budget
Plan；
C, when carrying material, it need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, construction budget is general
Numerical value that can be as needed for actual amount is further added by 10% progress and carries material and get the raw materials ready；
2. check
Specification, size and the quality of supplied materials are checked, material is carefully checked.
3) according to the requirement of structural steelwork processing and fabricating, it should be compiled before structural steelwork construction by the requirement of construction drawing
Manufacture craft processed and installation organization design, should develop complete, correct construction technology code before construction.Steel construction
Making is a strict continuous productive process process, instruct this process in addition to the production schedule, mainly according to technological procedure.
A, the principle of formulation technological procedure are that under certain working condition, operation process is with most fast speed, minimum labor
Momentum and minimum expense, accurately process the product for meeting Design Requirement Drawing.When formulating technological procedure, it should be noted that as follows
The problem of three aspects：
The technical advances of the ＞ of ＜ 1.When formulating technological procedure, it will be appreciated that the development of domestic and international industry technology,
By necessary engineer testing, existing equipment is made full use of, with reference to specific working condition, using advanced technique and advanced machine
Tool is equipped.
The reasonability of the ＞ of ＜ 2 economically.Under identical working condition, there can be a variety of systems that can guarantee that and reach technical requirements
Make process program, should now consider comprehensively, contrasted by adjusting, select most rational scheme on most economical.
The ＞ of ＜ 3 have good working condition and security.To make manufacturing process that there is good and safety working condition, establishment
Technological procedure should be noted that as far as possible use mechanization and automation mechanized operation, to mitigate heavy manual labor.
B, the content of technological procedure should include：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 are according to the Standard compilation finished product technical requirements of execution
(2) for ensure finished product reach as defined in the concrete measure worked out of standard：1. the processing method of vital part, precision
It is required that, inspection method and checking tool.2. the technological process of main member, craft quality standard, to ensure that component reaches technique
Standard and the technological measure (such as sequence, welding method) used.3. the process equipment and technological equipment used.
C, basketry code foundation：
The ＞ drawing of engineering designs of ＜ 1 and the detail of construction drawn according to drawing.
The ＞ layout designs leaders of ＜ 2 and correlation technique file
National standard, technical specification and correlation technique condition specified in the ＞ drawings of ＜ 3 and contract.
The working area of the ＞ factories of ＜ 4, the processing and fabricating ability of power, lifting and equipment, the composition and technology of the producer
Grade situation, transportation resources and capabilities might etc..
D, technological procedure are topmost and essence technical guides in manufacture of steel structure, are also to manufacture
In most reliable quality assurance measure.Therefore, technological procedure has to pass through certain examination and approval procedures, just must be strict once working out
Perform, must not arbitrarily change.
3) technological process
A, structure steel fabrication process it is more, so carefully to arrange processing sequence, avoid or reduce workpiece as far as possible
Flow backwards, to reduce round transport and turnaround time.Because the making requirement for making plant ability and component is had nothing in common with each other, so
Technological process is slightly different.
For there is the component of special processing request, special manufacturing procedure should be formulated making, the special technological process of establishment
And operation process chart.
5th, the construction method and quality standard per procedure
(1) setting-out, model and sample bar
1. setting-out：
A, setting-out are the first procedures in whole Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, are also a vital procedure；
B, setting-out work include following content：Check the installation dimension and pitch-row of drawing：With 1:1 full-page proof releases node；
Check the size of each several part；Model and sample bar are made as the foundation of the processing such as blanking, curved material, milling, plane, drilling；
C, the instrument of setting-out material and equipment have：Scriber, punching pin, hand hammer, chalk line, curved chi, ruler, steel tape, big steel
Tape measure, scissors, small-sized plate shearing machine, bender.The verification that steel tape has to pass through metrological service is checked, and qualified can use；
With 1 when D, setting-out:1 ratio ejects full-page proof on model platform, when full-page proof is oversized, can divide ejection.To one
The component of a little triangles, if only required to its node, can reduce ratio ejection appearance, but should be noted that its precision.Put
The cross datum line of sample ejection, two wires must be vertical, then marks other each points and line one by one according to cross hairs, and in node
Size in sidenote, in case check and inspection；
2. sample, sample bar：
A, model typically make of 0.50~0.75 iron sheet or plastic plate.Sample bar typically makes of sheetmetal or band iron, when
Wooden rule bar is can use when length is shorter；
B, the steel tape as measuring length foundation, pay special attention to answer authorized measurement unit to go metering, and with inclined
Poor card, its margin of error, structure steel fabrication, installation, examination and civil engineering are proofreaded when using by the record numerical value of deviation card
Measurer, it is necessary to identified in same standard, should have identical accuracy class；
C, model, job number, figure number, Part No., quantity and processing side, groove position, folding line and curved should be indicated on sample bar
Roll over direction, aperture and rolling circle radius etc.；
D, due to production the need for, generally make and be adapted to variously-shaped and model and sample bar of size；
E, model are generally divided into four types：
The ＞ holes models of ＜ 1.It is the model in the number of being exclusively used in hole.
The ＞ card-type models of ＜ 2.It is for simmering model that is bent or checking member bends shape.Card-type model is divided into interior card-type model
With two kinds of wild card pattern plate.
The ＞ formed templates of ＜ 3.It is for simmering model that is bent or checking plane of bending shape.Such a model is applied not only to check each
Partial radian, while number material model of gap can be cut as end again.
4 No. ＞ material models of ＜.It is the model for supplying number material or number material with time signal hole.
F, number material model to the planar shaped part that need not deploy have the following two kinds preparation method：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 draw sample method, i.e., directly make model on model material by the size of part drawing；
The ＞ of ＜ 2 cross sample method, then are that sample is covered on full pattern figure, further according to the extended line made in advance, draw model.For
Preservation full pattern figure, it is general using covering sample method, and when full pattern figure need not be preserved, then sample can be made using picture sample legal system
Plate；
G, above-mentioned model preparation method, the making of the model such as the number of being equally applicable to hole, card-type and shaping.When component is larger
When, the making of model can be spliced into flower stand using lath, to mitigate the weight of model, be easy to use.Model and sample bar should be properly
Preserve, until can be destroyed after engineering is complete.
(2) rule
Line also title material, i.e., using model, sample bar or according to drawing, draw the position and zero in hole on plate and shaped steel
The processing boundary of part shape, the general work content of number material includes：Check verification material；Cutting is marked in material, it is milling, plane, curved
The Working positions such as bent, drilling；Play punching；Mark out numbering of part etc..
A, number material when should be noted that problems with：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 are familiar with work sheet, check whether model, model meet drawing requirement.According to drawing directly in plate and shaped steel
Shang number material when, should the number of inspection material size it is whether correct, to prevent produce mistake, cause waste product.
, should the processing of research in time when having crack, interlayer and thickness deficiency phenomenon on the ＞ of ＜ 2 such as materials.
The ＞ steel of ＜ 3 if any large curved, it is rough and uneven in surface the problems such as when, should first be corrected.
During 4 No. ＞ material of ＜, it should be kept flat for the face more than larger shaped steel setting-out, to try to avert accidents.
The ＞ of ＜ 5 are cut out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing according to list of ingredients and model, and material is saved as far as possible.
The ＞ of ＜ 6 should carry out line feeding when technique has regulation by defined direction, to ensure that part rolls texture to material
Proposed requirement.
The ＞ of ＜ 7 need the part sheared, and whether during number material to be considered as shear line reasonable, it is to avoid is unsuitable for shearing manipulation
Situation.
The ＞ different sizes of ＜ 8, different grade of steel part should distinguish number material, and number expect successively according to first big after small principle.
The ＞ of ＜ 9, which try one's best, expects the part number of putting together of equal wide or length.
The ＞ of ＜ 10 need the same component spliced must be with time signal material, in favor of splicing.
The ＞ rectangles models number of ＜ 11 are expected, to check whether sheet stock both sides are vertical, to be pulled if out of plumb vertical
Enter line number material after line again.
Parts of the ＞ of ＜ 12 with circular arc type, whether shearing or gas cutting, should not all be closely packed together into line number material, it is necessary to stay
There is gap, in favor of shearing or gas cutting.
When the ＞ steel plate lengths of ＜ 13 not enough need welding spreading, bevel shape and size must be indicated in seam crossing, in welding
With rule again after correction.
When the ＞ steel plates of ＜ 14 or shaped steel are cut using gas cutting, gas cutting slit width degree is released,
(3) cut：
A, the method for steel blanking have oxyacetylene metal-cutting, machine-cut, punch die blanking and sawing etc..
(4) edge processing and end processing
A, in steel construction processing, when drawing requirement or following positions generally require edge processing；
The machined surface that the drawings such as the ＞ beam flange plates of ＜ 4, bearing support face are required；
The ＞ welding grooves of ＜ 5；
The ＞ sizes of ＜ 6 require strict stiffener, dividing plate, web and perforated gusset plate；
<4>Conventional edge processing method mainly has：Shovel while, plane while, milling side, carbon arc air gouging, gas cutting and groove machining；
(5) drilling
A, hole machined occupy the use of certain proportion, especially high-strength bolt in manufacture of steel structure, make hole machined not
Only quantitatively, and in required precision all it is greatly improved；
B, drilling generally have two methods of drilling and punching；
Drilling is the method generally used in manufacture of steel structure, can be used for the steel plate of substantially any specification, the hole of shaped steel and add
Work.The principle of drilling is cutting, and the precision in hole is high, damages smaller to hole wall, punching is normally only used for compared with sheet metal and non-circular hole
Processing, and require that aperture is typically no less than the thickness of steel, though punching production efficiency is high, it is cold due to being produced around hole
Harden, the reason such as hole wall quality difference, it is less in manufacture of steel structure to use；
(6) assemble
Assembling, can also claim assembly, assembling, group vertical, and assembling procedure is that the semi-finished product and part that prepare completion are advised by drawing
Fixed delivery unit, is assembled into component or part, then connects the process being integrally formed；
A, assembling procedure general provision：
1. product drawing and technological procedure are the Main Basiss of whole assembling preparation, therefore, first it is to be understood that following
Problem：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 understand the purposes and design feature of product, the measure such as supporting and clamping to propose assembling.
The ＞ of ＜ 2 understand the mutual cooperation relation of each part, using material and characteristic, to determine assembly method.
The ＞ of ＜ 3 understand Assembly process specification and technical requirements, to determine control program, control benchmark and major control number
Value.
2. it is assembled to be carried out by the order of technological requirement, when there is hidden weld seam, it is necessary to first give construction to weld, through examining
It is qualified to cover.When complex region is difficult construction welding, assembled and construction welding must be also taken up in order of priority by process stipulation.
When 3. arranging assembled mold, it positions the surplus that must take into consideration pre- releasing welding contracted quantity and flush processing.
4. to reduce deformation, smallclothes group is taken to weld as far as possible, the big part assembling again after correction.Mold and the initial workpiece taken on are necessary
, can large quantities of carry out assembly works by close inspection.
Solid point fusion length when 5. assembling is preferably greater than 40mm, and spacing is preferably 500~600mm, and solid point weld bead height is unsuitable
More than the 2/3 of design weld bead height.
6. the splicing of sheet material, section bar, should be carried out before assembling；The assembling of component should assemble in part, weld, correct laggard
OK, to reduce the welding residual stress of component, it is ensured that the making quality of product.
7. the concealment part of component should carry out application in advance.
8. control axis intersection point is wanted during the rod member assembling of truss structure, its tolerance cannot be greater than 3mm.
9. assemble when end plate require polishing hold out against or blasting treatment position, it, which holds out against contact surface, should more than 75% face
Product is close to, and with 0.3mm clearance gauge inspection, it is filled in area and should be less than 25%, and marginal gap not should be greater than 0.8mm.
10. assembled good component should write figure number, component number and number of packages exactly, to look into immediately with paint in obvious domain number
Look for.
(7) weld
A, soldering test and procedure qualification
The ＞ soldering tests of ＜ 1 and procedure qualification are the premises for ensureing Steel Structure Weld quality, only pass through soldering test and weldering
Optimal welding material, welding method, welding condition etc. can just be selected by connecing procedure qualification, to ensure the mechanics of plumb joint
Performance reaches design requirement, therefore, is provided according to national regulation, the steel that are used first to it, welding material, welding method,
Post weld heat treatment, should carry out qualification of welding procedure, should determine the welding procedure of guiding construction during production according to evaluation report；
The content and requirement, the steel used first of the ＞ welding procedure tests of ＜ 2, should do steel weldability test；Make first
Welding material, the content of its engineer testing is as follows：
1. welding rod performance comparison test.
2. arc stability is tested.
3. spatter loss coefficient is tested and (contains deposition efficiency).
4. the weld seam removability of slag can be tested.
5. weld metal diffusible hydrogen content is tested.
6. weld(ing) deposit mechanical test.
7. parameters of welding procedure.
Qualification of welding procedure is the technical preparation before production, is to weigh whether production unit possesses the one of production capacity
Individual important basic technology data.
Equipment, instrument used in qualification of welding procedure should be at normal working condition, when having particular/special requirement, be with production
Shi Caiyong welding machine is identical.The welder of qualification of welding procedure test plate (panel), it is necessary to which the welding personnel being skilled in technique by unit undertakes.Evaluation
Steel and wlding used should meet respective country standard.
B, qualification of welding procedure general procedure it is as follows：
1. propose that qualification of welding procedure charter (is typically proposed, welded responsible engineer crowd by establishment welding procedure person
It is accurate).
2. welding procedure specification is worked out.
3. formulate welding qualification plan (to notify quality guarantee engineer, inspector and the relevant personnel to participate in qualification test).
4. welding piece and fill in welding record.
5. processing sample and postwelding, which are examined, (including surface examination, nondestructive inspection, Physicochemical test, mechanical properties test and appoints
The various inspections being engaged in required by book).
6. PQR is filled in.
When being 7. assessed as unqualified, the reason for should finding out generation defect changes parameter, regroups welding procedure explanation
Book, then evaluate, until qualified.
It must also be evaluated after engineer testing is complete, judge whether it is feasible.Not rated result of the test can not blindly be thrown
Enter batch production.The purpose of procedure qualification, one is that can authorization production technology be realized；Two be the inspection of the quality assurance degree of reliability
Test；Three be economic rationality analysis.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not limited to the present invention, any this area skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when a little modification can be made and perfect, therefore the protection model of the present invention
Enclose when by being defined that claims are defined.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, it is characterised in that：
1) material prepares
The mark of the ＞ steel of ＜ 1
Label should be established in the middle part of steel end, label will indicate specification, grade of steel, quantity and the material acceptance certificate numbering of steel,
End of steel is applied in different colors according to its grade of steel, and the label of steel should be inspected periodically；
The ＞ steel of ＜ 2 are examined, and steel are examined to the effect that：
A, steel quantity and kind；
B, the heat (batch) number of steel, grade of steel, chemical composition and mechanical performance；
C, the specification for checking steel, the allowable deviation of all kinds of steel sizes；
D, surface quality of steel are examined, no matter band steel, steel plate and shaped steel, and its surface is not allow for scabbing, crackle, foldings and divide
Layer defects；
The stock management of the ＞ steel of ＜ 3
A, steel surface coat colour code, specification and model, are stacked by kind, the trade mark, specification classification；
B, the steel to storage life more than certain time limit are handled in time, it is to avoid overstock and corrosion；
C, stock's steel should also have a scale book of physical length, and use premise supplies engineering department as blanking, dispensing
Foundation；
2) preparation before processing
The ＞ draft designs of ＜ 1 and examination drawing
The ＞ of ＜ 2 get the raw materials ready and checked
1. material is carried
A, the net consumption of material for calculating according to drawing material list various materials, specification, then add a number of loss, proposition material
Budget program；
It B, when carrying material, need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, propose material budget meter
Draw；
C, when carrying material, it need to be ordered goods according to using Sizes, to reduce unnecessary splicing and loss, construction budget can typically be pressed
Numerical value needed for actual amount is further added by 10% progress and carries material and get the raw materials ready；
2. check
Specification, size and the quality of supplied materials are checked, material is carefully checked.
5th, the construction method and quality standard per procedure
(1) setting-out, model and sample bar
1. setting-out：
A, setting-out are the first procedures in whole Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures, are also a vital procedure；
B, setting-out work include following content：Check the installation dimension and pitch-row of drawing：With 1:1 full-page proof releases node；Verification
The size of each several part；Model and sample bar are made as the foundation of the processing such as blanking, curved material, milling, plane, drilling；
C, the instrument of setting-out material and equipment have：Scriber, punching pin, hand hammer, chalk line, curved chi, ruler, steel tape, big steel tape,
Scissors, small-sized plate shearing machine, bender.The verification that steel tape has to pass through metrological service is checked, and qualified can use；
With 1 when D, setting-out:1 ratio ejects full-page proof on model platform, when full-page proof is oversized, can divide ejection.To some three
Angular component, if only required to its node, can reduce ratio ejection appearance, but should be noted that its precision.Setting-out bullet
The cross datum line gone out, two wires must be vertical, then marks other each points and line one by one according to cross hairs, and in node sidenote
Upper size, in case check and inspection；
2. sample, sample bar：
A, model typically make of 0.50~0.75 iron sheet or plastic plate.Sample bar typically makes of sheetmetal or band iron, works as length
Wooden rule bar is can use when shorter；
B, the steel tape as measuring length foundation, pay special attention to answer authorized measurement unit to go metering, and with deviation card
Piece, its margin of error is proofreaded when using by the record numerical value of deviation card, structure steel fabrication, installation, examination and civil engineering
Measurer, it is necessary to identified in same standard, should have identical accuracy class；
C, model, job number, figure number, Part No., quantity and processing side, groove position, folding line and bending side should be indicated on sample bar
To, aperture and rolling circle radius etc.；
D, due to production the need for, generally make and be adapted to variously-shaped and model and sample bar of size；
E, number material model to the planar shaped part that need not deploy have the following two kinds preparation method：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 draw sample method, i.e., directly make model on model material by the size of part drawing；
The ＞ of ＜ 2 cross sample method, then are that sample is covered on full pattern figure, further according to the extended line made in advance, draw model.In order to protect
Full pattern figure is deposited, general use covered sample method, and when that need not preserve full pattern figure, then can make model using picture sample legal system；
F, above-mentioned model preparation method, the making of the model such as the number of being equally applicable to hole, card-type and shaping.When component is larger,
The making of model can be spliced into flower stand using lath, to mitigate the weight of model, be easy to use.Model and sample bar should be protected properly
Deposit, until can be destroyed after engineering is complete.
(2) rule
Line also title material, i.e., using model, sample bar or according to drawing, draw position and the part shape in hole on plate and shaped steel
The processing boundary of shape, the general work content of number material includes：Check verification material；Cutting, milling, plane, bending, brill are marked in material
The Working positions such as hole；Play punching；Mark out numbering of part etc..
(3) cut：
A, the method for steel blanking have oxyacetylene metal-cutting, machine-cut, punch die blanking and sawing etc.；
(4) edge processing and end processing
A, in steel construction processing, when drawing requirement or following positions generally require edge processing；
The machined surface that the drawings such as the ＞ beam flange plates of ＜ 1, bearing support face are required；
The ＞ welding grooves of ＜ 2；
The ＞ sizes of ＜ 3 require strict stiffener, dividing plate, web and perforated gusset plate；
<4>Conventional edge processing method mainly has：Shovel while, plane while, milling side, carbon arc air gouging, gas cutting and groove machining；
(5) drilling
A, hole machined occupy the use of certain proportion, especially high-strength bolt in manufacture of steel structure, hole machined is not only existed
In quantity, and all it is greatly improved in required precision；
B, drilling generally have two methods of drilling and punching；
Drilling is the method generally used in manufacture of steel structure, can be used for steel plate, the hole machined of shaped steel of substantially any specification.Bore
The principle in hole is cutting, and the precision in hole is high, damages smaller to hole wall, punching be normally only used for it is compared with sheet metal and non-circular hole plus
Work, and require that aperture is typically no less than the thickness of steel, though punching production efficiency is high, and it is hard due to producing cold-working around hole
Change, the reason such as hole wall quality difference is less in manufacture of steel structure to use；
(6) assemble
Assemble, can also claim assembled, assembling, group vertical, assembling procedure is the semi-finished product and part that preparation is completed as defined in drawing
Delivery unit, is assembled into component or part, then connects the process being integrally formed；
(7) weld
A, soldering test and procedure qualification
The ＞ soldering tests of ＜ 1 and procedure qualification are the premises for ensureing Steel Structure Weld quality, only pass through soldering test and Welder
Skill evaluation can just select optimal welding material, welding method, welding condition etc., to ensure the mechanical property of plumb joint
Design requirement is reached, therefore, is provided according to national regulation, steel, welding material, welding method, the postwelding used first to it
Heat treatment, should carry out qualification of welding procedure, should determine the welding procedure of guiding construction during production according to evaluation report；
The content and requirement, the steel used first of the ＞ welding procedure tests of ＜ 2, should do steel weldability test.
2. prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Model is generally divided into four types：
Number hole model, is the model in the number of being exclusively used in hole；
Card-type model, is that, for simmering model that is bent or checking member bends shape, card-type model is divided into interior card-type model and wild card
Two kinds of pattern plate；
Formed template, is for simmering model that is bent or checking plane of bending shape；
Number material model, be for number material or number material with time signal hole model.
3. prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Number material when should be noted that problems with：
The ＞ of ＜ 1 are familiar with work sheet, check whether model, model meet drawing requirement, according to drawing directly in plate and shaped steel on number
During material, should the number of inspection material size it is whether correct, to prevent produce mistake, cause waste product；
, should the processing of research in time when having crack, interlayer and thickness deficiency phenomenon on the ＞ of ＜ 2 such as materials；
When the ＞ steel of ＜ 3 have large curved, rough and uneven in surface problem, should first it be corrected；
During 4 No. ＞ material of ＜, it should be kept flat for the face more than larger shaped steel setting-out, to try to avert accidents；
The ＞ of ＜ 5 are cut out a piece of cloth in a way with the minimum material to make two or more articles of clothing according to list of ingredients and model；
The ＞ of ＜ 6 should carry out line feeding when technique has regulation by defined direction, to ensure that part is carried to material rolling texture
The requirement gone out；
The ＞ of ＜ 7 need the part sheared, and whether during number material to be considered as shear line reasonable, it is to avoid is unsuitable for the feelings of shearing manipulation
Condition；
The ＞ different sizes of ＜ 8, different grade of steel part should distinguish number material, and number expect successively according to first big after small principle；
The ＞ of ＜ 9 expect the part number of putting together of equal wide or length；
The ＞ of ＜ 10 need the same component spliced must be with time signal material, in favor of splicing；
The ＞ rectangles models number of ＜ 11 are expected, to be checked whether sheet stock both sides are vertical, to be pulled if out of plumb after vertical line
Enter line number material again；
Parts of the ＞ of ＜ 12 with circular arc type, whether shearing or gas cutting, should not all be closely packed together into line number material, it is necessary between leaving
Gap, in favor of shearing or gas cutting；
When the ＞ steel plate lengths of ＜ 13 not enough need welding spreading, bevel shape and size must be indicated in seam crossing, is welding and is rectifying
Rule again after just；
When the ＞ steel plates of ＜ 14 or shaped steel are cut using gas cutting, gas cutting slit width degree is released.
4. prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Assembling procedure：
When there is hidden weld seam, it is necessary to first give construction to weld；
During arrangement assembly mold, it positions the surplus that must take into consideration pre- releasing welding contracted quantity and flush processing；
To reduce deformation, smallclothes group is taken to weld as far as possible, the big part assembling again after correction, mold and the initial workpiece taken on have to pass through sternly
Lattice are examined, can large quantities of carry out assembly works；
Solid point fusion length during assembling is preferably greater than 40mm, and spacing is preferably 500~600mm, and solid point weld bead height is no more than setting
Count the 2/3 of weld bead height；
The splicing of sheet material, section bar, should be carried out before assembling；The assembling of component should be carried out after part assembling, welding, correction, with
Just the welding residual stress of component is reduced, it is ensured that the making quality of product；
The concealment part of component should carry out application in advance；
Control axis intersection point is wanted during the rod member assembling of truss structure, its tolerance cannot be greater than 3mm；
During assembling end plate require polishing hold out against or blasting treatment position, it, which holds out against contact surface, should have more than 75% area tight
Patch, with 0.3mm clearance gauge inspection, it is filled in area and should be less than 25%, and marginal gap not should be greater than 0.8mm；
Assembled good component should write figure number, component number and number of packages exactly, to search immediately with paint in obvious domain number.
5. prefabricated house Fabrication Technics of Steel Structures as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：
The welding material used first, the content of its engineer testing is as follows：
1. welding rod performance comparison test；
2. arc stability is tested；
3. spatter loss coefficient is tested；
4. the weld seam removability of slag can be tested；
5. weld metal diffusible hydrogen content is tested；
6. weld(ing) deposit mechanical test；
7. parameters of welding procedure.
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| CN108436397A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-24 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of production method of stainless steel gutter |
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| CN109048234A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-21 | 福建海山重工有限公司 | A kind of forklift part high-efficiency and precision processing technology |
| CN109079438A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宏盛铁塔实业有限公司 | A kind of steel structure processing technology |
| CN110480283A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-22 | 福建天安建筑钢铁制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of high usage, precision steel structures |
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| CN111451721A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-28 | 江苏骏茂新材料科技有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111496483A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-07 | 上海红重机械装备有限公司 | Manufacturing method of multifunctional steel structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108436397A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-24 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of production method of stainless steel gutter |
| CN108772668A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-09 | 招商局重工（江苏）有限公司 | A kind of assembly method having arch T beams and the weldering of backfin plate angle |
| CN110695617A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-17 | 北京京盛泰华金属结构有限公司 | Machining process of section steel column |
| CN110695617B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2021-05-14 | 北京京盛泰华金属结构有限公司 | Machining process of section steel column |
| CN109079438A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宏盛铁塔实业有限公司 | A kind of steel structure processing technology |
| CN109048234A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-21 | 福建海山重工有限公司 | A kind of forklift part high-efficiency and precision processing technology |
| CN110480283A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-22 | 福建天安建筑钢铁制品有限公司 | A kind of production technology of high usage, precision steel structures |
| CN111451721A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-28 | 江苏骏茂新材料科技有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111496483A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-07 | 上海红重机械装备有限公司 | Manufacturing method of multifunctional steel structure |
| CN111496483B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-07-08 | 上海红重机械装备有限公司 | Manufacturing method of multifunctional steel structure |
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