CN110693606B - Sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation - Google Patents
Sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation Download PDFInfo
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- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
Abstract
The invention discloses an envelope sine high-voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation, belonging to the technical field of cardiac ablation equipment. The method comprises the following steps: 1. generating a bipolar high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the pulse width of the high-voltage pulse signal is millisecond, microsecond or nanosecond; 2. and superposing the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal and a sinusoidal envelope signal to generate a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is used for outputting cardiac ablation energy. By adopting the method, the output high-voltage pulse is the high-voltage pulse of the envelope sine signal, and the filtering can be carried out according to the envelope sine frequency, so that the interference of the high-voltage pulse on other signals is reduced. Meanwhile, the characteristics of high-voltage pulse are kept, and the characteristics of full-layer ablation, accuracy and rapidness and coronary artery protection of the high-voltage pulse ablation can also be kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cardiac ablation equipment, in particular to a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation.
Background
The existing technology for treating tachyarrhythmia usually adopts radiofrequency, microwave, freezing and other thermal ablation technologies. Wherein the radio frequency technology can generate a sine wave of fixed frequency. The generated radio frequency energy acts on the focus point needing to be treated through the radio frequency catheter or the radio frequency electrode, so that the effect of blocking or conditioning is achieved, and the treatment effect is further achieved.
However, these ablation techniques are limited by the heat sink effect in clinical practice, and it is difficult to achieve the full-thickness transmural ablation target, thereby affecting the therapeutic effect.
In view of the above drawbacks of thermal ablation techniques, high voltage pulse technology is gaining attention as an atherectomy technique. The high-voltage pulse technology is to generate a high-voltage pulse electric field with the pulse width of millisecond, microsecond or even nanosecond, to release extremely high energy in a short time, so that a large number of irreversible micropores can be generated in a cell membrane or even intracellular organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cell nucleus and the like. Further causing the apoptosis of the pathological cells, thereby achieving the expected treatment purpose.
In the application of treating the tachyarrhythmia, the high-voltage pulse technology can be used for selectively treating the myocardial cells without influencing other non-target cell tissues, and meanwhile, the high-voltage pulse technology has the characteristics of complete full-layer ablation, accuracy, rapidness and coronary artery protection. Therefore, the high-voltage pulse technology is expected to become an ideal cardiac ablation means.
Although the high-voltage pulse technology has the advantages, the strong interference of the high-voltage pulse often affects useful signals such as electrophysiology, magnetic positioning, pressure detection and the like in the minimally invasive cardiac surgery, and further affects the judgment of a doctor in the surgery. The fitting degree of the system catheter and the myocardial tissue can also influence the treatment effect, and the existing system and equipment do not consider the two points.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and providing a sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output for cardiac ablation, the steps comprising:
generating a bipolar high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the pulse width of the high-voltage pulse signal is millisecond, microsecond or nanosecond;
and superposing the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal and the sinusoidal envelope signal to generate a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is used for outputting the cardiac ablation energy.
Furthermore, the high-voltage pulse width, the high-voltage pulse interval, the high-voltage pulse number and the high-voltage pulse amplitude of the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal are adjustable, so that the energy of an electric field output in each period of the output sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is adjustable.
Preferably, the amplitude range of the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal is 300V-15 KV.
Preferably, the frequency range of the sinusoidal envelope signal is: 1Hz to 20 MHz.
Furthermore, the sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal comprises a plurality of basic pulse groups, the basic pulse groups comprise a positive high voltage pulse group, a negative high voltage pulse group and a positive and negative high voltage pulse group,
the pulse signal forming the positive high-voltage pulse group is a positive high-voltage pulse signal;
the pulse signal forming the negative high-voltage pulse group is a negative high-voltage pulse signal;
the pulse signals forming the positive and negative high-voltage pulse groups are positive high-voltage pulse signals and negative high-voltage pulse signals.
Preferably, the time interval between the plurality of basic pulse groups is 10 times or more the high-voltage pulse interval time of the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal.
Further, the sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal is output only during the absolute refractory period of the heart, and the step of outputting the sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal includes:
detecting electrophysiological signals of the heart;
when the heart is detected to be in the refractory period, a sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal is output.
Further, the method for detecting the absolute refractory period comprises the following steps: the autonomic rhythm uses R wave sensing absolute refractory period detection method, and pacing technology to generate pacing rhythm and combines R wave sensing to realize absolute refractory period detection.
Further, the method for generating the paced heart rhythm by using the pacing technology and realizing the absolute refractory period detection by combining the R wave perception comprises the following steps:
inputting a pacing signal to generate a pacing rhythm;
sensing a paced rhythm via an R-wave;
determining the moment when the R wave is detected as the period starting moment of the paced rhythm;
the time period Tdelay2 is delayed from the start of the cycle of the paced heart rhythm by the start of the absolute refractory period, which has a duration T2.
A sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse output system for cardiac ablation comprises a high-voltage pulse signal generation unit, a refractory period detection module, an output catheter, at least one processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of the above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the method, the output high-voltage pulse is the high-voltage pulse of the sinusoidal signal with the envelope, and the system can filter according to the sinusoidal frequency of the envelope, so that the interference of the high-voltage pulse on the useful signal is reduced.
2. The output sinusoidal envelope pulse wave still keeps the characteristics of high-voltage pulse, the output of high-voltage pulse energy can be controlled by adjusting parameters, and the advantages of full-layer ablation, accuracy, rapidness and coronary artery protection can be realized.
3. The output sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal comprises a positive high voltage pulse group, a negative high voltage pulse group, a positive and negative high voltage pulse group and a combination thereof. The composition and parameters of the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal can be flexibly set so as to be suitable for practical use.
4. On the basis of a sine envelope high-voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation, a method for generating a pacing rhythm by using a pacing technology and realizing absolute refractory period detection by combining R wave sensing is provided, so that single complete ablation energy output is completed in the absolute refractory period, and the output safety is ensured.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the sinusoidal envelope of a single complete positive pulse in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a single complete negative pulse sinusoidal envelope of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a single complete positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelope of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a basic pulse group consisting of 2 complete sinusoidal envelopes of positive pulses in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a basic pulse group consisting of 2 complete negative pulse sinusoidal envelopes in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a basic pulse group consisting of 2 complete sinusoidal envelopes of positive and negative pulses in example 1;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of absolute refractory period detection using R-wave sensing for spontaneous heart rhythms in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pacing rhythm generated by the pacing technology and the absolute refractory period detection realized by the R-wave sensing in embodiment 1;
fig. 10 is a graph of single ablation energy output consisting of multiple basal pulse bursts in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output method for cardiac ablation, the flow chart is shown in fig. 1, and the steps include:
a pulse generator is used to generate a bipolar high-voltage pulse signal.
And superposing the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal and the sinusoidal envelope signal to generate a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is used for outputting the cardiac ablation energy.
The pulse generator is used for generating a high-voltage pulse signal, the high-voltage pulse signal is used for cardiac ablation, so that the high-voltage pulse width generated by the pulse generator needs to be limited to be millisecond, microsecond or nanosecond, and generally, an IGBT or a MOSFET is used as a switching device, so that the pulse generator generates the millisecond, microsecond or even nanosecond pulse width.
The sinusoidal envelope signal is a sinusoidal signal, the signal is used as a carrier, and a bipolar high-voltage pulse signal is superposed on the sinusoidal envelope signal, so that the output sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal has the characteristics of high-voltage pulse, has the characteristics of full-layer ablation, accuracy, rapidness and coronary artery protection, and has the frequency characteristics of the sinusoidal envelope signal, and the frequency range of the sinusoidal envelope signal is as follows: 1 Hz-20 MHz, that is to say, the frequency range of the sine envelope high-voltage pulse signal is 1 Hz-20 MHz, and the interference of the high-voltage pulse to other equipment signals can be reduced by filtering the corresponding frequency band.
The sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is composed of a basic pulse group, the basic pulse group at least comprises a complete sinusoidal envelope, and the sinusoidal envelope has three modes: the pulse train comprises a positive pulse sinusoidal envelope, a negative pulse sinusoidal envelope and a positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelope, wherein the sinusoidal envelope in the basic pulse train can be one or two of the positive pulse sinusoidal envelope, the negative pulse sinusoidal envelope or the positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelope, and can also be any combination of the three modes. The positive pulse signal and the negative pulse signal of the positive and negative pulse sine envelope clock are symmetrical, and a basic pulse group diagram consisting of 2 complete positive and negative pulse sine envelopes is shown in fig. 7.
The complete single-group positive pulse sinusoidal envelope is shown in fig. 2, the shape of the sinusoidal envelope composed of high-voltage positive pulses can be determined by setting the frequency f1 of the envelope and the number n1 of the pulses, and on the premise that the two parameters of the frequency f1 of the envelope and the number n1 of the pulses are determined, the pulse intervals t1, t2 and t3, the pulse widths w1, w2 and w3 and the pulse amplitudes h1, h2 and h3 are set, so that the magnitude of energy loaded by the high-voltage positive pulses can be changed, and further the intensity of single-group positive pulse sinusoidal envelope ablation is controlled. A plurality of single sets of positive pulse sinusoidal envelopes of the same parameters are combined to form a positive high voltage pulse train, and a basic pulse train consisting of two complete positive pulse sinusoidal envelopes is shown in fig. 5.
The complete single-group negative pulse sinusoidal envelope is shown in fig. 3, the shape of the sinusoidal envelope composed of high-voltage negative pulses can be determined by setting the frequency f2 of the envelope and the number n2 of the pulses, and on the premise that the two parameters of the frequency f2 of the envelope and the number n2 of the pulses are determined, the pulse intervals t4, t5, the pulse widths w4, w5 and the pulse amplitudes h4, h5 are set, so that the magnitude of the energy loaded by the high-voltage negative pulses can be changed, and further the intensity of single-group negative pulse sinusoidal envelope ablation is controlled. A plurality of single negative pulse sinusoidal envelopes with the same parameters are combined to form a negative high voltage pulse group, and a basic pulse group consisting of two complete negative pulse sinusoidal envelopes is shown in fig. 6.
The complete single-group positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelope is shown in fig. 4, the form of the sinusoidal envelope composed of high-voltage positive pulses can be determined by setting the frequency f3 of the envelope and the number n3 of the pulses, and on the premise that the two parameters of the frequency f3 of the envelope and the number n3 of the pulses are determined, the pulse intervals t6, t7, the pulse widths w6, w7 and the pulse amplitudes h6, h7 are set, so that the magnitude of the energy loaded by the high-voltage positive and negative pulses can be changed, and further the intensity of single-group high-voltage positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelope ablation is controlled. A plurality of single-group high-voltage positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelopes with the same parameters are combined to form a positive and negative high-voltage pulse group, and a basic pulse group consisting of two complete positive and negative pulse sinusoidal envelopes is shown in fig. 7.
Preferably, the amplitude range of the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal composed of the basic pulse group is 300V to 15KV, and when the action time length of the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal composed of the basic pulse group is converted into unit time 1s, the action time of the high level is controlled within 100 ns to 1 ms, and the set parameter needs to meet the limitation of the parameter.
The adjustable parameters of the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal composed of the basic pulse group are as follows: high voltage pulse width, high voltage pulse interval, high voltage pulse number, high voltage pulse amplitude, sinusoidal envelope frequency. Wherein, the setting of high-voltage pulse width, high-voltage pulse interval and high-voltage pulse amplitude determines the size of basic pulse group ablation energy output in a sine envelope period. The interval between the basic pulse groups is at least 10 times of the interval between the high voltage pulses in the basic pulse group.
Due to the adoption of the sine envelope mode, the system can apply a band elimination filter according to the frequency of the set sine envelope correspondingly to process the interference generated by the high-voltage pulse, thereby reducing the interference of the high-voltage pulse on the signals of electrophysiology, magnetic positioning, pressure detection and the like.
The sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal can affect the conduction of the heart in the actual output process, and in order to ensure the safety of discharge, the output of the high voltage pulse is required to be in the absolute refractory period of the heart, and the detection of the absolute refractory period of the heart is important. The method for detecting the absolute refractory period comprises the following steps: autonomic rhythms use R-wave-aware absolute refractory period detection and pacing techniques to produce paced rhythms that incorporate R-wave sensing to achieve absolute refractory period detection.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a method for detecting an absolute refractory period of an autonomic heart rhythm by R-wave sensing, wherein a threshold point R1 at which an R-wave is detected is determined by sensing the autonomic heart rhythm by the R-wave, and a T1 time period after a certain delay time Tdelay1 from R1 as a starting point is the absolute refractory period. The time of Tdelay1, T1 may be mapped by clinical data or by an electrophysiology stimulator.
For patients with autonomic cardiac rhythms that do not meet the R-wave sensing requirements well, a pacing technology may be used to generate a pacing rhythm and implement the method of detecting the absolute refractory period in combination with R-wave sensing, and a schematic diagram of the method of generating a pacing rhythm and implementing the method of detecting the absolute refractory period in combination with R-wave sensing is shown in fig. 9. The method comprises the steps of generating and obtaining a pacing rhythm through a pacing technology, detecting the pacing rhythm through R wave sensing, determining a threshold value point R2 of an R wave, and determining an absolute refractory period as a T2 time period after a certain time Tdelay2 from R2 as a starting point. The time of Tdelay2, T2 may be mapped by clinical data or by an electrophysiology stimulator.
The number of times the basic pulse burst is normalized to complete ablation energy output can be set, each complete ablation energy output needs to be completed within an absolute refractory period in order to ensure the safety of the high-voltage pulse, and at least one complete pulse energy output exists within a single absolute refractory period. In order to minimize the effect of the high voltage pulse on the human heart conduction, it is necessary to ensure that the high voltage pulse output falls only during the absolute refractory period. Assuming that the number of the basic pulse groups constituting the complete ablation energy output is 2, wherein the interval time is t8, and the frequencies of the two pulse groups are f4 and f5, respectively, as shown in fig. 10, in order to satisfy the requirement that the complete ablation energy output is delivered once during the absolute refractory period, the following relationship is required:
T1＞(1/f4+1/f5+t8)；
or
T2＞(1/f4+1/f5+t8)；
This ensures that the last single complete ablation energy output can be completed in the absolute refractory period, whether fig. 8 or fig. 9 is used to detect the absolute refractory period.
Claims (5)
1. A sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output device for cardiac ablation, comprising a high voltage pulse signal generation unit for performing the steps comprising:
generating a bipolar high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the pulse width of the high-voltage pulse signal is millisecond, microsecond or nanosecond;
superposing the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal and a sinusoidal envelope signal to generate a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal, wherein the sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal is used for outputting cardiac ablation energy;
the sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal comprises a plurality of basic pulse groups, the basic pulse groups comprise a positive high voltage pulse group, a negative high voltage pulse group and a positive and negative high voltage pulse group,
the pulse signal forming the positive high-voltage pulse group is a positive high-voltage pulse signal;
the pulse signal forming the negative high-voltage pulse group is a negative high-voltage pulse signal;
the pulse signals forming the positive and negative high-voltage pulse groups are positive high-voltage pulse signals and negative high-voltage pulse signals;
the time interval between the plurality of basic pulse groups is more than 10 times of the high-voltage pulse interval time of the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal;
the sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal is output only during the absolute refractory period of the heart, the step of sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal output comprising:
the refractory period detection module detects electrophysiological signals of the heart;
when the heart is detected to be in a refractory period, the high-voltage pulse signal generating unit outputs a sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse signal;
the method for detecting the absolute refractory period comprises the following steps: the autonomic rhythm uses a method of absolute refractory period detection of R wave perception, a method of generating pacing rhythm by using a pacing technology and realizing the absolute refractory period detection by combining the R wave perception;
the method for generating the pacing rhythm by using the pacing technology and realizing the absolute refractory period detection by combining the R wave perception comprises the following steps:
inputting a pacing signal to generate a pacing rhythm;
sensing the paced rhythm via an R-wave;
determining the moment when the R wave is detected as the period starting moment of the paced rhythm;
the time delay time period Tdelay2 from the cycle starting time of the paced heart rhythm is the starting time of the absolute refractory period, the duration of the absolute refractory period is T2, and the time of Tdelay2 and T2 is mapped by clinical data or an electrophysiological stimulator.
2. The sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output device for cardiac ablation according to claim 1, wherein the high voltage pulse width, the high voltage pulse interval, the number of high voltage pulses, and the high voltage pulse amplitude of the bipolar high voltage pulse signal are adjustable, so that the output electric field energy per cycle of the output sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse signal is adjustable.
3. The sinusoidal envelope high-voltage pulse output device for cardiac ablation according to claim 1, wherein the bipolar high-voltage pulse signal has an amplitude in the range of 300V to 15 KV.
4. The sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output device for cardiac ablation of claim 1, wherein the frequency range of the sinusoidal envelope signal is: 1Hz to 20 MHz.
5. A sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output system for cardiac ablation, comprising a sinusoidal envelope high voltage pulse output device for cardiac ablation, a refractory period detection module and an output catheter of any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN112914717B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2023-07-25 | 绍兴梅奥心磁医疗科技有限公司 | High-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field ablation instrument based on double-gating technology |
| CN113100918A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-13 | 杭州维纳安可医疗科技有限责任公司 | Pulse control method and device, ablation equipment, system and storage medium |
| CN113545843B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-09-26 | 广东迪光医学科技有限公司 | Laser ablation system and method |
| CN114209413A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-22 | 杭州睿笛生物科技有限公司 | Multi-stage controllable composite pulse generation control system |
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