CN110691709A - Method and device for operating an electrical energy storage system, electrical energy storage system comprising said device and corresponding use - Google Patents
Method and device for operating an electrical energy storage system, electrical energy storage system comprising said device and corresponding use Download PDFInfo
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
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- B60L2260/44—Control modes by parameter estimation
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for operating an electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit, comprising the following steps. A state variable, in particular a voltage, of at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined. Furthermore, the operability of a device for determining a state variable of at least one electrical energy storage unit, which device comprises in particular a voltage detection device, is checked. In addition, a first further state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined on the basis of the first mathematical model and at least the determined state variable in the event of a limited or missing operability of the device for determining the state variable. Subsequently, the electrical energy storage system is operated using the first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability. The invention further relates to a corresponding device, a corresponding electrical energy storage system and a corresponding use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for operating an electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit, to an electrical energy storage system comprising said device and to the use of said electrical energy storage system.
Background
Electronic controllers are used in today's automotive sector in increasing numbers, for example as a function of increasing degrees of driving automation. In particular for electrically driven vehicles, it is necessary to develop batteries with an associated battery management system. In this case, the battery management system generally ensures a safe and reliable function of the respective battery cells and of the battery system composed of these battery cells by monitoring and controlling the current, the voltage, the temperature, the insulation resistance and possibly other physical variables of the battery cells or of the entire battery system. By means of the variables, management functions can be implemented which, in particular, increase the service life, reliability and safety of the battery system and, for example, use mathematical models to better control and regulate the battery system.
Battery systems are usually divided into modules, which contain battery cells and usually also form space cells. For example, one battery system is composed of 8 modules, each of which is mounted with 12 battery cells. In order to detect the voltage of the individual battery cells, corresponding voltage sensors are provided. In this case, the voltage sensor can be connected electrically, for example, directly to the central control unit, or else can be connected electrically to a corresponding module control unit, which transmits the recorded data to the central control unit, for example, in compressed form. Therefore, the operability of a sensor (e.g., a voltage sensor) installed in the battery system is very important for the operation of the battery system. A malfunction of the voltage sensor, which can be determined, for example, by means of a self-test, can result, for example, in the electrical energy not being available or supplied from the battery system for safety reasons.
Publication DE 102010045514 describes a method for operating a motor vehicle with an electrical energy store, in which, in the event of a failure of a sensor for estimating a terminal voltage of a battery cell, a further terminal voltage of a further battery cell is activated.
Publication JP 2013-.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for operating an electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit is disclosed with the features of the independent claim.
The state variable of at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined. The state variable may comprise, in particular, a voltage. Furthermore, the operability of the device for determining the state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is checked. The device may be provided, for example, for determining a state of charge variable. In this case, the device comprises in particular a voltage detection device, for example a voltage sensor, and associated lines leading to the controller. In the event of a limited or missing operability of the device for determining the state variable, a first further state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined on the basis of the first mathematical model of the at least one electrical energy storage unit and on the basis of at least the determined state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit. A limited or missing operability can mean, for example, that no more measured values can be recorded due to a line interruption, or that the recorded measured values lie outside predefined limit values. This can be determined, for example, within the scope of a self-test. For example, a so-called equivalent circuit model of the electrical energy storage unit can be used as the mathematical model. Further, the mathematical model may include a composite profile based on the data and/or may be based on the probability. Subsequently, the electrical energy storage system is operated using the first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability. Thus, continued operation of the electrical energy storage system is possible, at least in a limited manner. In an advantageous manner, the electrical energy storage system can thus be transferred into a safe state in a controlled manner, for example by a user of the system being informed correspondingly in advance. In this way, sudden rapid shutdown of the electrical energy storage system and the accompanying possible adverse effects on the user or on components of the electrical energy storage system can be avoided. For example, in the field of vehicles, a so-called "limp home" mode may be considered, in which the power demand on the electrical energy storage system is limited.
The state variables can here be: based on the state of charge, i.e., is or includes a state of charge parameter, such as a voltage of the electrical energy storage unit; and/or based on the current flowing through the electrical energy storage unit and/or the temperature of the electrical energy storage unit. Furthermore, it is possible for the state variable to be based on, for example, the pressure prevailing inside the electrical energy storage unit or on the resulting external strain of the housing of the electrical energy storage unit.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
According to one embodiment, the electrical energy storage system is operated such that a first limit value of the state variable is not exceeded and/or a second limit value of the state variable is not undershot. In the case of a voltage as state variable, for example, the first limit value can be set to 4.0V and the second limit value can be set to 3.0V. Alternatively, the first limit value may be selected, for example, from a first range of 3.8V to 4.4V, and the second limit value may be selected from a second range of 2.6V to 3.2V. Depending on the respective characteristics of the respective electrical energy storage unit. It is therefore possible to keep a sufficient distance from the voltage values that endanger the safety of the electrical energy storage system. For example, in the case of the limit values given by way of example above, the safety can be endangered if 4.2V is exceeded. The safety distance has therefore been set to 0.2V in order to have a sufficient safety margin even in the case of a limited or missing operability of the device for determining the state variable.
According to one embodiment, at least one aging state variable of the electrical energy storage unit is determined, for example the maximum possible capacitance or the storable charge quantity or the resistance. The maximum possible storable energy is also possible as the aging state variable. Since these variables change over time and as a function of the use of the electrical energy storage unit, the life or the degree of wear of the electrical energy storage unit can be inferred therefrom. Subsequently, the first mathematical model is adapted on the basis of the at least one aging state variable. This is preferably done with complete operability of the device for determining the state variable. It is thereby advantageously ensured that the first mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit reflects the properties of the electrical energy storage unit as good as possible. This makes it possible to operate the electrical energy storage system more accurately and therefore more safely using the first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability.
According to one embodiment, the electrical energy storage system comprises a plurality of electrical energy storage cells, and a first further state variable of the electrical energy storage cells, which is determined in the case of a limited or missing operability of the device for determining the state variable, is compared with a second further state variable, which is based on the voltage drop across the plurality of electrical energy storage cells. This makes it possible to check the plausibility of the first further state variable determined by means of the first mathematical model, which advantageously increases the reliability of the method. In accordance with the comparison of the state variables, the electrical energy storage system is operated using a first further state variable determined in the event of limited or missing operability, wherein additionally after a first predefined period of time or alternatively after a first predefined amount of electrical energy has been consumed or received at a predefined maximum possible power output/reception, the extraction of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage unit and/or the electrical energy storage system is inhibited. For example, it can be derived from the comparison that the difference in the state variables lies within a predefined range, which does not prevent the further operation of the electrical energy storage system. Thereby, it may be advantageous to continue to safely operate the electrical energy storage system at a predefined maximum possible power output/reception at least for a first predefined time period or alternatively within a first predefined energy range.
According to one embodiment, the electrical energy storage system comprises at least two electrical energy storage units, and the third further state variable of at least one further electrical energy storage unit is determined on the basis of the second mathematical model. The type of the second mathematical model may correspond to the first mathematical model. Subsequently, the third further state variable of the further electrical energy storage unit is compared with the first further state variable of the electrical energy storage unit, which is determined in the case of a limited or missing operability of the device for determining the state variable. This makes it possible to check the plausibility of the first further state variable determined by means of the first mathematical model, which advantageously increases the reliability of the method. In accordance with the comparison of the state variables, the electric energy storage system is operated using a first further state variable determined in the event of limited or missing operability, wherein additionally the extraction of electric energy from the electric energy storage system is inhibited after a second predefined period of time. The latter can be achieved, for example, by corresponding actuation of so-called relays located in the electrical energy storage system. For example, it can be derived from the comparison that the difference in the state variables lies within a predefined range, which does not prevent the further operation of the electrical energy storage system. In this way, it is advantageously possible to continue to operate the electrical energy storage system safely at least for a second predefined period of time, in which, for example, the measured values of another electrical energy storage unit are used.
According to one embodiment, at least one aging state variable of at least two electrical energy storage units is determined before the operability of the device for determining the state variable of at least one electrical energy storage unit is checked. Subsequently, the aging state variables of the at least two electrical energy storage units are compared with one another. Both the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model can be used in the method steps. In this way, it can advantageously be determined, in particular, whether at least two electrical energy storage units have similar aging characteristics. The first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability is used to operate the electrical energy storage system as a function of the comparison of the state variables and the comparison of the aging state variable. In addition, the extraction of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage system is inhibited after a third predefined period of time and/or after a third predefined amount of energy has been consumed at a maximum possible power output/reception, which is also predefined if applicable, wherein the third predefined amount of energy and/or the length of the third predefined period of time is defined as a function of the state variable and/or the aging state variable. This can be done, for example, by corresponding actuation of a shut-off device (e.g., a relay) located in the electrical energy storage system. For example, it can be derived from the comparison that not only the difference of the state variables lies within a predefined range, but also the difference of the aging state variables lies within a further predefined range. This ensures, for example, that the electrical energy storage unit whose device no longer functions correctly to determine the state variable and the further electrical energy storage unit have similar electrical properties. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to continue to safely operate the electrical energy storage system at least for a third predefined period of time or in a third predefined range of energy.
According to one embodiment, the first mathematical model and the second mathematical model are identical and/or based on differential equations. Thus, a simple comparison between the model and its parameters and states can advantageously be made. Furthermore, dynamic processes within the electrical energy storage unit can be reflected well by differential equations or correspondingly discretized differential equations.
An electrical energy storage unit is understood to mean, in particular, an electrochemical cell and/or a battery module having at least one electrochemical cell and/or a battery pack having at least one battery module. For example, the electrical energy storage unit may be a lithium-based battery cell or a lithium-based battery module or a lithium-based battery pack. The electrical energy storage unit may in particular be a lithium ion battery cell or a lithium ion battery module or a lithium ion battery pack. Furthermore, the type of battery cell may be a lithium polymer battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lead-acid battery, a lithium air battery or a lithium sulphur battery, or in general a battery of any electrochemical composition. The capacitor may also serve as an electrical energy storage unit.
The invention also relates to a device for operating an electrical energy storage system, comprising at least one component which is provided to carry out the steps of the method according to one of the disclosed embodiments. The aforementioned advantages apply accordingly. The at least one device may comprise, for example, a battery management controller and corresponding power electronics (e.g., an inverter), as well as a current sensor and/or a voltage sensor and/or a temperature sensor. An electronic control unit, in particular in the form of an electronic battery manager, may also be such a device. An electronic control unit is understood to mean, in particular, an electronic control unit which comprises, for example, a microcontroller and/or a dedicated hardware component, for example an ASIC, but can likewise be a personal computer or a programmable logic controller.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the invention is an electrical energy storage system comprising a plurality of electrical energy storage units and an apparatus as described above for operating an electrical energy storage system. The advantages mentioned apply accordingly.
Furthermore, the subject matter of the invention is the use of the electrical energy storage system in electric vehicles, including hybrid vehicles, in stationary electrical energy storage installations, in electric hand tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in domestic appliances. The advantages mentioned apply accordingly.
Drawings
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.
In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a second embodiment;
fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a third embodiment;
fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment;
fig. 5 shows a time diagram of a state of charge quantity calculated according to the method of the invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a device for operating an electrical energy storage system.
Detailed Description
Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same apparatus components or the same method steps.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a first embodiment. In a first step S11, one or more variables are determined for at least one electrical energy storage unit of the electrical energy storage system, which variables describe the energy and/or power that can currently be drawn from the electrical energy storage unit. Which is for example a state of charge value. Here, the state of charge value typically floats in a range between 0% and 100%, and may be regarded as the amount of charge currently available. In this determination step, the voltage present between the two pole terminals of the electrical energy storage unit is detected. Subsequently, in the further course of the method, the operability of the device for detecting a voltage is checked in a second step S12. The checking of operability comprises checking whether the detected voltage value is within a reasonable voltage window, for example between 0V and 5V, in particular between 0V and 4.3V. Depending on the type of electrical energy storage unit used respectively. Furthermore, the check of the operability can also comprise a so-called self test, in which a known test voltage is detected and the detected test voltage value is compared with the known value of the test voltage. If there is a corresponding deviation, the operability of the device for detecting voltage is considered to be limited. Subsequently, in a third step S13, in case the operability of the device for detecting voltage is limited, another charge state value of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is re-determined, wherein the determining step is based on the first mathematical model of the voltage characteristics of the at least one electrical energy storage unit and the charge state value determined in the first step S11. Subsequently, in a fourth step S14, the electric energy storage system is operated using the other state of charge value determined in the third step S13.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a second embodiment. As described above, in the first step S21, a state of charge value of at least one electrical energy storage unit of the electrical energy storage system is determined. Subsequently, in a second step S22, an internal resistance value of at least one electrical energy storage cell is determined. This can be done, for example, by taking the quotient of the voltage value and the current value of the electrical energy storage unit. Subsequently, in a third step S23, the first mathematical model is adapted using the determined internal resistance in order to accurately reflect the current voltage characteristics of the at least one electrical energy storage unit. Advantageously, the determination of the internal resistance value is likewise carried out using the first mathematical model. Subsequently, as described above, in the fourth step S24, the operability of the device for detecting voltage is checked. In the case of limited or missing operability, in a fifth step S25 another state of charge value of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is redetermined as described above, wherein the determination step is based on the first mathematical model of the at least one electrical energy storage unit and the state of charge value determined in the first step S21. Subsequently, the electric energy storage system is operated using the other state of charge value determined in the fifth step S25 in a sixth step S26.
Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a third embodiment. In a first step S31, a voltage value of at least one electrical energy storage unit of the electrical energy storage system is determined by means of a voltage detection device. The electrical energy storage system here comprises a plurality of electrical energy storage units. In this case, the voltage may be regarded as an indicator for the state of charge of the at least one electrical energy storage unit. Subsequently, at a later point in time, in a second step S32, the operability of the voltage detection device is checked as described above. In a third step S33, in case of a limited or missing operability of the voltage detection device, a first further voltage value of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined, wherein this is done based on the first mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit and at least the voltage value determined in the first step S31. In a fourth step S34, the further voltage value determined in the third step S33 is compared with a second further voltage value, wherein the second further voltage value is based on the voltage dropped across the plurality of electrical energy storage cells. This second further voltage value may be based, for example, on a so-called module voltage measurement which detects the voltage of the electrical energy storage units installed in the module and thus typically represents a potential difference across the electrical energy storage units connected in series in the module. If, for example, the two voltage values differ only by a value lying within the predefined voltage difference as a result of the comparison, the first further voltage value of the at least one electrical energy storage unit, determined in the third step S33, is used in a fifth step S35 to operate the electrical energy storage system. In addition, after a first predefined period of time (selected for example from the range of 5 seconds to 60 minutes, in particular in the range of 1 minute to 10 minutes), the extraction of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage unit and/or the electrical energy storage system is inhibited. For example, it is conceivable that in the presence of a corresponding electrical or electronic component, at least one electrical energy storage unit is disconnected from the electrical circuit of the electrical energy storage system, so that no more electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical energy storage unit. The electrical energy storage system may continue to operate.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a fourth embodiment. The electrical energy storage system comprises at least two electrical energy storage units. In a first step S41, the voltage value of a first of the at least two electrical energy storage units is determined by means of the voltage detection device, as already described above. Subsequently, in the second step S42, the operability of the voltage detection device is checked as described above. If it is determined that the operability of the device is limited or completely missing, in a third step S43, a first further voltage value of the first electrical energy storage unit is determined based on the first mathematical model and the voltage value determined in the first step S41, as described above. Subsequently, in a fourth step S44, a second further voltage value of another of the at least two electrical energy storage units is determined, preferably using the same first mathematical model. Subsequently, in a fifth step S45, the first further voltage value determined in the third step S43 is compared with a second further voltage value of another electrical energy storage unit. If the comparison of the two voltage values shows that they differ only by a value within the predefined voltage difference, the operation of the electrical energy storage system is continued in a sixth step S46 using the first further voltage value determined in the third step S43, wherein, in addition, after a predefined period of time, the extraction of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage system is inhibited.
Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment. The electrical energy storage system comprises at least two electrical energy storage units. In a first step S51, a voltage value of a first of the at least two electrical energy storage units is determined by means of the voltage detection device, as described above. Subsequently, in a second step S52, the so-called capacitance of each of the at least two electrical energy storage units, i.e. the maximum storable charge of the electrical energy storage unit, is determined as the aging state variable. For this purpose, for example, a mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit and a corresponding control technology, such as an observer, can be used. Subsequently, as described above, in the third step S53, the operability of the voltage detection device is checked. If it is determined that the operability of the device is limited or completely missing as described above, in a fourth step S54, a first further voltage value of the first electrical energy storage unit is determined based on the first mathematical model and the further voltage value determined in the first step S51. In a fifth step S55, a second further voltage value of another of the at least two electrical energy storage units is determined, preferably using the same first mathematical model. Subsequently, in a sixth step S56, the determined capacitance values are compared with each other. The result of the comparison may be that the capacitance values differ only by a value within a predefined capacitance difference, so that the electrical energy storage units have similar aging characteristics. Subsequently, in a seventh step S57, the first further voltage value determined in step S54 is compared with the second further voltage value. The result of the comparison of the two voltage values may be that they differ only by a value that lies within a predefined voltage difference. If both the capacitance value and the voltage value thus co-exist, the electrical energy storage system is operated in an eighth step S58 using the first further voltage value determined in the fourth step S54, wherein additionally after a predefined period of time and/or after a predefined consumption of energy at a predefined maximum possible power, the extraction of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage system is inhibited or limited. Furthermore, the predefined energy and/or the length of the predefined time period is defined in terms of a voltage value and/or a capacitance value. Thus, a shorter or longer predefined time period and/or a predefined energy for continued operation at a predefined maximum possible power may be set, for example, depending on the voltage difference and/or capacitance difference.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a device 62 for operating an electrical energy storage system. In this case, the respective measured values, for example the measured current value and the measured voltage value, which are used in the method according to the invention to be carried out on the device, are read by the respective sensors 61. The respective control commands generated by the method according to the invention are output by the device 62 to respective electrical or electronic components 63, such as inverters and/or relays.
Claims (11)
1. Method for operating an electrical energy storage system comprising at least one electrical energy storage unit, the method comprising the steps of:
a) determining a state variable, in particular a state of charge variable, of the at least one electrical energy storage unit;
b) checking the operability of a device (61) for determining a state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit, the device comprising in particular a voltage detection device;
c) in the event of limited or missing operability of the device (61) for determining the state variable, a first further state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit is determined on the basis of the first mathematical model and the state variable determined at least in step a);
d) operating the electrical energy storage system using the first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein in step d) the electric energy storage system is operated such that a first limit value of the state of charge quantity is not exceeded and/or a second limit value of the state of charge quantity is not undershot.
3. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising:
e) determining at least one aging state variable, in particular a resistance, of the electrical energy storage unit;
f) adapting the first mathematical model based on the at least one aging state quantity.
4. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical energy storage system comprises a plurality of electrical energy storage units, the method further comprising:
g) comparing the first further state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit determined in step c) with a second further state variable based on the voltage drop across a plurality of electrical energy storage units, the first further state variable being determined in the case of a limited or missing operability of the device (61) for determining the state variable;
h) operating the electrical energy storage system using the first further state of charge variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability as a function of the comparison of the state variables, wherein additionally after a first predefined period of time and/or after consumption or reception of a first predefined amount of electrical energy, extraction or reception of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage unit and/or the electrical energy storage system is inhibited.
5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical energy storage system comprises at least two electrical energy storage units, further comprising the steps of:
i) determining a third further state variable of the at least one further electrical energy storage unit on the basis of the second mathematical model;
i) comparing the first further state variable of the at least one electrical energy storage unit determined in step c) with the third further state variable of the further electrical energy storage unit in the case of limited or missing operability of the device (61) for determining state variables;
k) operating the electrical energy storage system using the first further state variable determined in the case of limited or missing operability as a function of the comparison of the state variables, wherein additionally after a second predefined period of time and/or after consumption or reception of a second predefined amount of electrical energy, the extraction or reception of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage system is inhibited.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
l) before step b), determining at least one aging state variable, in particular the resistance, of the at least two electrical energy storage units, respectively;
m) comparing said state of aging parameters of said at least two electrical energy storage units;
n) operating the electrical energy storage system using the first further state variable determined in the event of limited or missing operability as a function of the comparison of the state variables and the comparison of the aging state variable, wherein additionally after a third predefined period of time and/or after consumption or reception of a third predefined amount of electrical energy, the extraction or reception of electrical energy from the electrical energy storage system is inhibited, wherein the third predefined energy and/or the length of the third predefined period of time is defined as a function of the state variable and/or the aging state variable.
7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first and second mathematical models are identical and/or based on differential equations.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the state quantity is or comprises a state of charge quantity, in particular a voltage.
9. Device (62) for operating an electrical energy storage system, comprising at least one means, in particular an electronic battery manager, which is arranged to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. Electrical energy storage system comprising a plurality of electrical energy storage units and a device (62) according to claim 9.
11. Use of the electrical energy storage system according to claim 10 in electrically driven vehicles including hybrid vehicles, in fixed electrical energy storage facilities, in electrically powered hand tools, in portable devices for telecommunications or data processing, and in domestic appliances.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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| DE102017209674.8 | 2017-06-08 | ||
| DE102017209674.8A DE102017209674A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2017-06-08 | Method and device for operating an electrical energy storage system and electrical energy storage system with the device and corresponding use |
| PCT/EP2018/063743 WO2018224330A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-05-24 | Method and apparatus for operating an electrical energy accumulator system, and electrical energy accumulator system comprising said apparatus, and corresponding use thereof |
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| CN110691709A true CN110691709A (en) | 2020-01-14 |
| CN110691709B CN110691709B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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| DE (1) | DE102017209674A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018224330A1 (en) |
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| DE102018221962A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining at least one operating parameter for the operation of an electrical energy store, and corresponding computer program, machine-readable storage medium and computing device |
| FR3132989A1 (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-08-25 | Psa Automobiles Sa | MANAGEMENT OF THE VOLTAGE APPLIED TO A SERVITUDE BATTERY OF A SYSTEM DURING CHARGING OF A MAIN BATTERY |
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Also Published As
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| WO2018224330A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
| DE102017209674A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
| CN110691709B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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