DE102010045514B4 - A method for monitoring an electrical energy storage that provides an electrical voltage for an electric machine of a motor vehicle - Google Patents
A method for monitoring an electrical energy storage that provides an electrical voltage for an electric machine of a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0038—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/40—Control modes
- B60L2260/44—Control modes by parameter estimation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
Verfahren zum Überwachen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (10), der eine Spannung für eine elektrische Maschine eines Kraftwagens bereitstellt, wobei der Energiespeicher (10) eine Mehrzahl von mindestens drei elektrochemischen Zellen (12, 14, 16, 18) umfasst, für welche jeweils eine Klemmenspannung mittels jeweiligen, den elektrochemischen Zellen zugeordneten Spannungssensoren (28, 30, 32, 34) gemessen wird, wobei bei Ausfall eines Sensors (28, 30, 32, 34) die Klemmenspannung der dem Sensor (28, 30, 32, 34) zugeordneten Zelle (12, 14, 16, 18) auf Grundlage der Klemmenspannung der übrigen elektrochemischen Zellen (12, 14, 16, 18) des Energiespeichers (10) abgeschätzt wird, wobei bei Ausfall eines Spannungssensors (20, 22, 24, 26) die Klemmenspannung der zugeordneten Zelle (12, 14, 16, 18) als Differenz zwischen einer Gesamtklemmenspannung des Energiespeichers (10) und den Klemmenspannungen der übrigen Zellen (12, 14, 16, 18) abgeschätzt wird, wobei aus einer vor Ausfall des Spannungssensors (20, 22, 24, 26) gemessenen Klemmenspannung oder einem vor Ausfall des Spannungssensors (20, 22, 24, 26) gemessenen Klemmenspannungsverlauf der zugeordneten Zelle (12, 14, 16, 18) ein Korrekturfaktor zum Korrigieren der geschätzten Klemmenspannung der zugeordneten Zelle (12, 14, 16, 18) bestimmt wird.A method for monitoring an electrical energy store (10) providing a voltage for an electric machine of a motor vehicle, the energy store (10) comprising a plurality of at least three electrochemical cells (12, 14, 16, 18), for each of which a terminal voltage is measured by respective, the electrochemical cells associated voltage sensors (28, 30, 32, 34), wherein in case of failure of a sensor (28, 30, 32, 34), the terminal voltage of the sensor (28, 30, 32, 34) associated cell (12, 14, 16, 18) is estimated based on the terminal voltage of the remaining electrochemical cells (12, 14, 16, 18) of the energy store (10), wherein in case of failure of a voltage sensor (20, 22, 24, 26), the terminal voltage the associated cell (12, 14, 16, 18) is estimated as the difference between a total terminal voltage of the energy store (10) and the terminal voltages of the remaining cells (12, 14, 16, 18), wherein from a before failure of the Sp a measured terminal voltage or a measured before the voltage sensor (20, 22, 24, 26) terminal voltage waveform of the associated cell (12, 14, 16, 18) a correction factor for correcting the estimated terminal voltage of the associated Cell (12, 14, 16, 18) is determined.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überwachen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, der eine Spannung für eine elektrische Maschine eines Kraftwagens bereitstellt, nach den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 3. The invention relates to a method for monitoring an electrical energy store, which provides a voltage for an electrical machine of a motor vehicle, according to the preambles of
Für Kraftwagen mit elektrischem Antriebsaggregat, wie beispielsweise rein elektrischen Fahrzeugen oder Hybridfahrzeugen, sind elektrische Energiespeicher mit hoher Speicherkapazität und der Fähigkeit zu hoher Leistungsabgabe notwendig. Solche Energiespeicher bestehen in der Regel aus einer Mehrzahl von elektrochemischen Zellen, die in Reihe geschaltet sind, um die notwendigen hohen Spannungen von bis zu 650 V bereitzustellen. Auch Reihenschaltungen von parallel geschalteten Zellen zur Erhöhung der Kapazität sind bekannt. For motor vehicles with electric drive unit, such as purely electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, electrical energy storage with high storage capacity and the ability to high power output are necessary. Such energy storage devices typically consist of a plurality of electrochemical cells connected in series to provide the necessary high voltages of up to 650V. Also series circuits of cells connected in parallel to increase the capacity are known.
Aufgrund der hohen Leistungsabgabe des Energiespeichers im Betrieb eines solchen Kraftwagens müssen die einzelnen elektrochemischen Zellen des Energiespeichers überwacht werden, um Beschädigungen durch Überhitzung, Tiefentladung oder dergleichen zu vermeiden. Den einzelnen elektrochemischen Zellen sind daher üblicherweise Sensoren zum Messen ihrer Klemmenspannung und/oder ihrer Zellentemperatur zugeordnet. Beim Ausfall eines solchen Sensors stehen der Batteriesteuerung keine Informationen über die betreffende Zelle mehr zur Verfügung. Um in diesem Zustand zuverlässig Beschädigungen zu vermeiden, wird der Kraftwagen üblicherweise in einen kurzfristigen Notlaufzustand versetzt oder gleich vollständig deaktiviert. Selbst wenn ein Notlaufbetrieb vorgesehen ist, so genügt dieser oftmals nicht, den Kraftwagen zu einer Werkstatt zu bringen und das Problem beheben zu lassen. Für den Fahrer des Kraftwagens sind solche Sensorausfälle daher mit erheblichem Aufwand, Kosten und Komforteinbußen verbunden. Due to the high power output of the energy storage in the operation of such a motor vehicle, the individual electrochemical cells of the energy storage must be monitored to avoid damage from overheating, over-discharge or the like. The individual electrochemical cells are therefore usually assigned sensors for measuring their terminal voltage and / or their cell temperature. In the event of failure of such a sensor, the battery controller no longer has information about the cell in question. In order to reliably avoid damage in this state, the motor vehicle is usually placed in a short-term emergency condition or equal to completely disabled. Even if an emergency operation is provided, it is often not enough to bring the car to a workshop and have the problem rectified. For the driver of the motor vehicle such sensor failures are therefore associated with considerable effort, cost and comfort.
Ein Verfahren zum Überwachen von Einzelzellen einer Batterie ist beispielsweise aus der
Ferner ist aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Aus der
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren nach den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 3 bereitzustellen, welches einen sicheren und hinreichend langen Weiterbetrieb des Kraftwagens bei Ausfall eines Sensors für eine elektrochemische Zelle ermöglicht. The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method according to the preambles of
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 bzw. durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 3 gelöst. This object is achieved by a method having the features of
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird beim Ausfall eines Sensors zum Messen einer Klemmenspannung und/oder Zellentemperatur einer elektrochemischen Zelle eines elektrischen Energiespeichers für einen Kraftwagen die Klemmenspannung und/oder Zellentemperatur der dem Sensor zugeordneten Zelle auf Grundlage der Zellenspannung und/oder der Zellentemperatur wenigstens einer weiteren elektrochemischen Zelle des Energiespeichers abgeschätzt. Da sich die einzelnen elektrochemischen Zellen des Energiespeichers gegenseitig beeinflussen, ist es so möglich, zumindest einen Näherungswert für die Klemmenspannung oder die Zellentemperatur der Zelle mit dem ausgefallenen Sensor zu erhalten. Solange sich dieser Näherungswert innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Rahmens bewegt, ist es daher nicht nötig, den Kraftwagen sofort stillzulegen. Damit kann gewährleistet werden, dass auch bei einem Sensorausfall im Energiespeicher des Kraftwagens genügend sichere Betriebszeit für den Kraftwagen verbleibt, dass dieser vom Benutzer zum Service gebracht werden kann. Ein Liegenbleiben des Kraftwagens allein wegen eines Sensorausfalls wird daher vermieden. In a method according to the invention, if a sensor for measuring a terminal voltage and / or cell temperature of an electrochemical cell of an electrical energy store for a motor vehicle fails, the terminal voltage and / or cell temperature of the cell assigned to the sensor is based on the cell voltage and / or the cell temperature of at least one further electrochemical cell Cell of the energy store estimated. Since the individual electrochemical cells of the energy store influence one another, it is thus possible to obtain at least an approximate value for the terminal voltage or the cell temperature of the cell with the failed sensor. As long as this approximation moves within a given range, it is therefore not necessary to shut down the car immediately. This can ensure that even with a sensor failure in the energy storage of the motor vehicle enough safe operating time for the car remains that this can be brought to service by the user. Lying of the motor vehicle alone because of a sensor failure is therefore avoided.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird bei Ausfall eines Temperatursensors die Zellentemperatur der zugeordneten Zelle als Mittelwert der Zellentemperaturen der zu dieser Zelle benachbarten Zelle abgeschätzt. Dies ist möglich, da innerhalb des Energiespeichers ein Wärmeübergang zwischen benachbarten Zellen stattfindet. Auf diese Art kann ohne großen rechnerischen oder sensorischen Aufwand die Temperatur einer Zelle mit ausgefallenem Temperatursensor zuverlässig weiter überwacht werden. In a preferred embodiment of the method, if one temperature sensor fails, the cell temperature of the associated cell is estimated as an average of the cell temperatures of the cell adjacent to that cell. This is possible because there is heat transfer between adjacent cells within the energy store. In this way, the temperature of a cell with failed temperature sensor can be further reliably monitored without much computational or sensory effort.
Es ist dabei besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Zellentemperaturen der benachbarten Zellen in Abhängigkeit von deren Position im Energiespeicher gewichtet werden. Auf diese Art kann ein genauerer Schätzwert für die Temperatur der Zelle mit ausgefallenem Temperatursensor erzielt werden. Es ist beispielsweise möglich, hierbei den zusätzlichen Wärmeverlust von randständigen Zellen des Energiespeichers in Betracht zu ziehen oder die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Wärmeübergangsflächen zwischen einzelnen Zellen und einem Kühlsystem des Energiespeichers zu kompensieren. It is particularly advantageous if the cell temperatures of the adjacent cells are weighted as a function of their position in the energy store. In this way, a more accurate estimate of the temperature of the cell with failed temperature sensor can be obtained. It is possible, for example, to consider the additional heat loss of marginal cells of the energy store or to compensate for the effects of different heat transfer surfaces between individual cells and a cooling system of the energy store.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird aus einer vor Ausfall des Temperatursensors gemessenen Zellentemperatur oder einem vor Ausfall des Temperatursensors gemessenen Zellentemperaturverlauf der dem ausgefallenen Temperatursensor zugeordneten Zelle ein Korrekturfaktor zum Korrigieren des Mittelwerts der Temperatur der benachbarten Zellen bestimmt. Hierdurch wird ein besonders guter Schätzwert für die Zelltemperatur der Zelle mit ausgefallenem Temperatursensor erzielt. Insbesondere können auf diese Art spezifische Eigenschaften der Zelle mit ausgefallenem Sensor in die Abschätzung mit eingehen. So würde beispielsweise der Mittelwert der benachbarten Zellen nach oben korrigiert, wenn die Zelle mit ausgefallenem Sensor vor Ausfall des Sensors bereits eine erhöhte Temperatur gezeigt hat. Hierdurch kann zuverlässig eine Überhitzung dieser Zelle verhindert werden. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a correction factor for correcting the mean value of the temperature of the adjacent cells is determined from a cell temperature measured before the temperature sensor has failed or a cell temperature profile measured before the temperature sensor has failed. As a result, a particularly good estimate of the cell temperature of the cell with failed temperature sensor is achieved. In particular, in this way specific properties of the cell with failed sensor can be included in the estimation. Thus, for example, the mean value of the neighboring cells would be corrected upward if the cell with the sensor already out of order had already shown an increased temperature before the sensor had failed. This can reliably prevent overheating of this cell.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird bei Ausfall eines Spannungssensors die Klemmenspannung der zugeordneten Zelle als Differenz zwischen der Gesamtklemmenspannung des Energiespeichers und den Klemmenspannungen der übrigen Zellen abgeschätzt. Auch dies ist eine besonders einfache und rechnerisch sowie sensorisch nicht aufwändige Methode, um zumindest einen Schätzwert für die Klemmenspannung der Zelle mit ausgefallenem Spannungssensor zu erhalten, welche darauf beruht, dass die einzelnen elektrochemischen Zellen des Energiespeichers in Reihe geschaltet sind, so dass die Gesamtklemmenspannung des Energiespeichers der Summe der Klemmenspannungen aller elektrochemischen Zellen im Energiespeicher entspricht. In a further embodiment of the invention, if a voltage sensor fails, the terminal voltage of the associated cell is estimated as the difference between the total terminal voltage of the energy store and the terminal voltages of the remaining cells. This is a particularly simple and computationally and sensory not costly method to obtain at least an estimate of the terminal voltage of the cell with failed voltage sensor, which is based on the fact that the individual electrochemical cells of the energy storage are connected in series, so that the total terminal voltage of Energy storage corresponds to the sum of the terminal voltages of all electrochemical cells in the energy storage.
Auch hier ist es zweckmäßig, aus einer vor Ausfall des Spannungssensors gemessenen Klemmenspannung oder einem vor Ausfall des Spannungssensors gemessenen Klemmenspannungsverlauf der zugeordneten Zelle einen Korrekturfaktor zum Korrigieren der geschätzten Klemmenspannung der zugeordneten Zelle zu bestimmen. Dies ermöglicht es, Fehler, die beispielsweise durch den Widerstand der elektrischen Leitungen im Energiespeicher hervorgerufen werden, zu kompensieren, sodass ein sehr genauer Schätzwert erhalten wird. Again, it is expedient to determine a correction factor for correcting the estimated terminal voltage of the associated cell from a measured before the failure of the voltage sensor terminal voltage or measured before failure of the voltage sensor terminal voltage waveform of the associated cell. This makes it possible to compensate for errors caused, for example, by the resistance of the electrical lines in the energy store, so that a very accurate estimate is obtained.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird bei Ausfall eines Temperatur- und/oder Spannungssensors eine maximale Leistungsabgabe des Energiespeichers auf einen vorgegebenen Wert beschränkt. Hierdurch wird vermieden, dass die Zelle mit ausgefallenem Sensor überlastet wird, so dass ein sicherer Notlaufbetrieb mit nur geringem Beschädigungsrisiko für den Energiespeicher gewährleistet ist. In a further embodiment of the invention, a maximum power output of the energy storage is limited to a predetermined value in case of failure of a temperature and / or voltage sensor. This avoids that the cell is overloaded with failed sensor, so that a safe emergency operation is guaranteed with little risk of damage to the energy storage.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung und ihre Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt hierbei eine schematische Darstellung einer Batterie eines Kraftwagens zur Durchführung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. In the following the invention and its embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a battery of a motor vehicle for carrying out an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Eine im Ganzen mit
Über- bzw. unterschreiten die Zellentemperaturen oder Klemmenspannungen der elektrochemischen Zellen
Bei Ausfall eines der Sensoren
Fällt beispielsweise der Spannungssensor
Beim Ausfall des Temperatursensors
Bei einem derartigen Sensorausfall kann es zudem sinnvoll sein, wenn durch das Batteriesteuergerät
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DE102010045514.8A DE102010045514B4 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2010-09-15 | A method for monitoring an electrical energy storage that provides an electrical voltage for an electric machine of a motor vehicle |
PCT/EP2011/004524 WO2012034668A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2011-09-08 | Method for operating a motor vehicle |
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