CN110690404B - Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110690404B CN110690404B CN201910988481.4A CN201910988481A CN110690404B CN 110690404 B CN110690404 B CN 110690404B CN 201910988481 A CN201910988481 A CN 201910988481A CN 110690404 B CN110690404 B CN 110690404B
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- Prior art keywords
- open circuit
- circuit device
- battery
- lithium ion
- ion battery
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery, which belong to the technical field of power supplies and are characterized in that the high-current power-off device at least comprises: an open circuit device connected with the tab; the open circuit device is provided with a dent; a support ring supported on the lower surface of the opener; the support ring is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover; wherein: the middle part of the open circuit device is bent downwards, the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover, the dent is positioned on the lower surface of the open circuit device, the open circuit device is fixedly provided with a welding sheet for connecting the tab, the supporting ring is made of insulating materials, and the insulating materials are polypropylene plastics or polyimide or glass or ceramic. The invention aims at the problem that the lithium ion battery is automatically opened under the extreme abuse condition of the high-capacity battery, so that the lithium ion battery is prevented from thermal runaway, and the reliability of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power supplies, and particularly relates to a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely applied by virtue of the characteristics of high energy density and long cycle life, but the lithium ion battery can cause overheat of the lithium ion battery under the condition of extreme abuse, and finally exceeds the safe use temperature of the lithium ion battery, so that spontaneous exothermic reaction of the lithium ion battery is caused, and finally the lithium ion battery is caused to be out of control, and the risks of fire, explosion and the like are caused.
In order to reduce the safety risk in the use process of the lithium ion battery, the battery open-circuit device is a common safety measure, the most common is the open-circuit device in the upper cover of the 18650 battery, when the 18650 battery is overcharged, short-circuited and other problems occur, the internal air pressure of the battery is rapidly increased, the pressure bearing capacity of the open-circuit device is exceeded, the disconnection device is deformed, the electric connection is disconnected, the battery stops working, and therefore the thermal runaway caused by continuous reaction of the lithium ion battery is avoided, and the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved.
However, most of the current battery opening devices are integrated in the battery cap, and because of size limitation, in order to meet the action of the opening device under proper pressure, the overcurrent capacity of the opening device is generally poor, and only the working current requirements of small-capacity batteries such as 18650, 21700 and the like can be met. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of the power battery, the capacity of the single battery is continuously increased, and part of the capacity of the single battery breaks through 150Ah, even part of the capacity of the single battery exceeds 200Ah, so that the conventional open circuit device cannot meet the working current requirement of the high-capacity lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery, aiming at the problem that the lithium ion battery is automatically opened under the extreme abuse condition of the high-capacity battery, the lithium ion battery is prevented from thermal runaway, and the reliability of the lithium ion battery is improved.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a high current power cut-off device, at least comprising:
an open circuit device (3) connected with the tab (4); the open circuit device (3) is provided with dents;
a support ring (2) supported on the lower surface of the open circuit device (3); the supporting ring (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1); wherein:
the middle part of the open circuit device (3) is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1).
Further, the dent is positioned on the lower surface or the upper surface of the open circuit device (3).
Further, a welding piece (5) for connecting the tab (4) is fixed on the open circuit device (3).
Further, the supporting ring (2) is made of insulating materials.
Still further, the insulating material is polypropylene plastic or polyimide or ceramic or glass.
Further, the material of the open circuit device (3) is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The second object of the invention is to provide a lithium ion battery comprising the high-current power-off device and the battery.
Further: the battery is cylindrical or square.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the design of the open circuit device is integrated on the battery bottom cover, so that the size of the open circuit device is greatly increased, and the working current of the open circuit device is effectively increased.
2. The open-circuit device is opened by deformation of the bottom cover of the battery, and the area of the bottom cover is far larger than that of the battery cap, so that the open-circuit air pressure range is greatly narrowed, and the reliability of the open-circuit device is improved.
3. The area of the battery bottom cover is larger, so that the open circuit at lower air pressure can be realized, and the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the experimental results of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with those of the conventional art.
Wherein: 1. a battery bottom cover; 2. a support ring; 3. an open circuit device; 4. a tab; 5. welding the tab.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following examples, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery, comprising:
an opener 3 connected to the tab 4; the open circuit device 3 is provided with dents;
a support ring 2 supported on the lower surface of the opener 3; the support ring 2 is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover 1; wherein:
the middle part of the open circuit device 3 is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover 1. The open circuit device 3 may be circular arc-shaped or arcuate.
The indentation is located on the lower or upper surface of the opener 3.
And a welding piece 5 for connecting the tab 4 is fixed on the open circuit device 3.
The material of the supporting ring 2 is an insulating material, and the insulating material is preferably polypropylene plastic or polyimide or glass or ceramic.
The material of the open circuit device 3 is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
A lithium ion battery comprises the high-current power-off device and the battery.
Further: the battery is cylindrical or square.
In the following examples and comparative examples, 18650 battery packs were used.
Example 1
Aiming at the structural characteristics of the cylindrical battery, the structure of the open circuit device shown in fig. 1 is formed by stamping pure aluminum, and then a circle of annular cutting marks are extruded on the outer side of the open circuit device in a die extrusion mode, so that the open circuit device generates stress concentration. The periphery of the open circuit device is supported by adopting a cylindrical structure prepared from polyimide, a platform at the middle position of the open circuit device is welded on a battery bottom cover in a laser welding mode, the structure is shown in fig. 1, and the battery lugs are welded at the upper end of the open circuit device.
Under the extreme conditions of overcharge, short circuit and the like of the battery, a large amount of electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode to generate a large amount of gas, so that the internal air pressure of the lithium ion battery is continuously increased, the original straight battery lower cover is outwards deformed, the circuit breaker is disconnected from the cutting mark under the pulling of the battery lower cover, the positive electrode of the battery and an external circuit are opened, and the battery stops supplying power to the outside.
Example 2
Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of a battery, the following open circuit device shown in fig. 2 is punched, then a layer of dent is extruded on the outer side of the open circuit device by adopting a ring cutter to form stress concentration, and then an aluminum sheet for welding the tab is welded on the upper side of the open circuit device. The periphery of the open circuit device is supported by adopting a cylindrical polypropylene plastic part, and the middle horizontal area of the open circuit device is welded on the lower cover of the battery in a laser welding mode.
The positive electrode tab of the battery core is welded on the open circuit device through the tab welding piece, and electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a large amount when the battery is overcharged and short-circuited, so that a large amount of gas is generated in the battery, the internal air pressure of the battery is rapidly increased, the lower cover of the battery is caused to be outwards deformed, the open circuit device is pulled by the deformed battery cover, but the open circuit device cannot move due to the action of the insulating support ring, and therefore the open circuit device is broken from the dent, and the positive electrode of the battery is disconnected from an external circuit, so that an open circuit function is realized.
Example 3
According to the structural characteristics of the square battery, a stamping process is adopted to manufacture a strip-shaped open circuit device with the structure shown in the following figure, then a cutter is adopted to extrude dents on the outer side of the open circuit device, stress concentration is formed at the dents, and then a layer of aluminum sheet is welded on the upper side of the open circuit device for welding the positive electrode lug. The periphery of the open circuit device is supported by an insulating ring made of polypropylene, and then the open circuit device is welded on the battery shell in a laser welding mode from the middle plane.
The battery cell positive electrode is welded on a welding sheet of the open circuit device through a current collecting structure, when the battery is in short circuit and in the process, electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery in a large amount to generate a large amount of gas, so that the internal air pressure of the lithium ion battery is rapidly increased to cause deformation of a lithium ion battery shell, the open circuit device is pulled, the open circuit device cannot move under the limitation of an insulating support ring, and therefore under the action of pressure, the open circuit device is disconnected from an indentation, the positive electrode is disconnected from an external circuit, and the lithium ion battery stops externally supplying power.
Comparative example
A cylindrical lithium ion battery is adopted, the capacity is 30Ah, the shell is an anode, an Al material is adopted, and the battery core is directly connected with the shell.
The battery testing method comprises the following steps:
overcharge test
And selecting a 30Ah battery with and without a circuit breaker function for overcharge test, and adopting 6A current to charge the battery in a constant current manner until the voltage is increased to 5V.
The overcharging test is carried out on one of the three batteries and the common battery which adopt the circuit breaker, the voltage change of the battery in the overcharging process is shown in fig. 3, the three batteries with the open-circuit function can be seen from the figure to continuously rise along with the continuous charging, the voltage of the three batteries is suddenly reduced to 0V near about 4.8V, the lithium ion battery is internally opened, and the voltage continuously rises in the charging process due to the fact that the conventional lithium ion battery does not have the open-circuit function, and finally the battery voltage reaches about 5.1V, and the battery shell is severely deformed.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high current interrupt device, characterized by comprising:
an open circuit device (3) connected with the tab (4); the open circuit device (3) is provided with dents; the dent is positioned on the lower surface or the upper surface of the open circuit device (3); a welding sheet (5) for connecting the lug (4) is fixed on the open circuit device (3);
a support ring (2) supported on the lower surface of the open circuit device (3); the supporting ring (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1); wherein:
the middle part of the open circuit device (3) is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1); wherein:
aiming at a cylindrical battery, a pure aluminum stamping forming is adopted to obtain an open circuit device (3), then a circle of annular dents are extruded on the outer side of the open circuit device (3) in a die extrusion mode, so that stress concentration is generated at the open circuit device, the periphery of the open circuit device (3) is supported by adopting a cylindrical structure prepared by polyimide, a platform at the middle position of the open circuit device (3) is welded on a battery bottom cover in a laser welding mode, and a battery lug is welded at the upper end of the open circuit device;
for square batteries, a long strip-shaped open circuit device is processed and formed by adopting a stamping process, then a cutter is adopted to extrude dents on the outer side of the open circuit device (3), stress concentration is formed at the dents, then an aluminum sheet layer is welded on the upper side of the open circuit device for welding positive electrode lugs, an insulating ring prepared from polypropylene is adopted to form a support for the open circuit device on the periphery of the open circuit device, and then the open circuit device is welded on a battery shell in a laser welding mode from a middle plane.
2. The high-current power-off device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the support ring (2) is an insulating material.
3. The high current interrupt device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating material is polypropylene plastic or polyimide or ceramic or glass.
4. A high current interrupt device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the material of the open circuit device (3) is aluminium or aluminium alloy.
5. A lithium ion battery comprising the high current power cut-off device of any one of claims 1-3 and a battery.
6. The lithium ion battery of claim 5, wherein: the battery is cylindrical or square.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110690404A CN110690404A (en) | 2020-01-14 |
| CN110690404B true CN110690404B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A Active CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN110690404B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112698228B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-12-06 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Power lithium battery external short circuit thermal runaway simulation device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200972870Y (en) * | 2006-11-18 | 2007-11-07 | 浙江野马电池有限公司 | Bottom structure of battery |
| CN101232089B (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2010-12-22 | 江苏伊思达电池有限公司 | Special protecting cap of lithium ion power cell |
| CN101459230A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-06-17 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Explosion prevention coiling type power lithium battery |
| CN201699092U (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-01-05 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN206558565U (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-10-13 | 陕西沃特玛新能源有限公司 | A kind of battery cap |
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- 2019-10-17 CN CN201910988481.4A patent/CN110690404B/en active Active
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| CN110690404A (en) | 2020-01-14 |
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