CN110690404A - Heavy current power-off device and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Heavy current power-off device and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110690404A CN110690404A CN201910988481.4A CN201910988481A CN110690404A CN 110690404 A CN110690404 A CN 110690404A CN 201910988481 A CN201910988481 A CN 201910988481A CN 110690404 A CN110690404 A CN 110690404A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- lithium ion
- circuit breaker
- ion battery
- current power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/147—Lids or covers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery, belonging to the technical field of power supplies and characterized in that the high-current power-off device at least comprises: a circuit breaker for connecting the tabs; the opening device is provided with a dent; the supporting ring is supported on the lower surface of the circuit breaker; the support ring is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover; wherein: the middle part of the opener is bent downwards, the lower surface of the middle part of the opener is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover, the dent is located on the lower surface of the opener, a welding sheet for connecting the tabs is fixed on the opener, the support ring is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material is polypropylene plastic or polyimide or glass or ceramic. The invention aims at automatically opening the lithium ion battery under the extreme abuse condition of the high-capacity battery, prevents the lithium ion battery from generating thermal runaway, and improves the reliability of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power supplies, and particularly relates to a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely applied by virtue of the characteristics of high energy density and long cycle life, but the lithium ion battery can be overheated under the condition of extreme abuse, and finally exceeds the safe use temperature of the lithium ion battery, so that the spontaneous exothermic reaction of the lithium ion battery is caused, and finally the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, the risks of fire, explosion and the like are caused.
In order to reduce the safety risk of the lithium ion battery in the use process, the battery open circuit device is a common safety measure, the most common open circuit device is the open circuit device in the upper cover of the 18650 battery, when the 18650 battery has the problems of overcharge, short circuit and the like, the air pressure in the battery is quickly increased and exceeds the pressure bearing capacity of the open circuit device, the disconnecting device deforms, the electrical connection is disconnected, and the battery stops working, so that the lithium ion battery is prevented from continuously reacting to generate thermal runaway, and the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved.
However, the current open circuit devices of most batteries are integrated in the battery cap, and the overcurrent capacity of the open circuit device is generally poor in order to meet the requirement of the open circuit device to operate under proper pressure due to size limitation, and the open circuit device can only meet the operating current requirements of small-capacity batteries such as 18650 and 21700. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of power batteries, the capacity of a single battery is continuously increased, the capacity of a part of single batteries breaks through 150Ah, even the capacity of a part of single batteries exceeds 200Ah, and the traditional open-circuit device cannot meet the operating current requirement of a large-capacity lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-current power-off device and a lithium ion battery for solving the technical problems in the prior art, aiming at automatically opening a circuit of the lithium ion battery under the extreme abuse condition of a high-capacity battery, preventing the lithium ion battery from thermal runaway and improving the reliability of the lithium ion battery.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a high current power cutoff device, at least comprising:
a circuit breaker (3) for connecting the tabs (4); the opening device (3) is provided with a dent;
a support ring (2) supported on the lower surface of the circuit breaker (3); the support ring (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1); wherein:
the middle part of the opener (3) is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1).
Further, the dent is positioned on the lower surface or the upper surface of the circuit breaker (3).
Furthermore, a welding piece (5) for connecting the tabs (4) is fixed on the circuit breaker (3).
Furthermore, the support ring (2) is made of an insulating material.
Further, the insulating material is polypropylene plastic or polyimide or ceramic or glass.
Furthermore, the material of the circuit breaker (3) is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a lithium ion battery, which comprises the high-current power-off device and the battery.
Further: the battery is cylindrical or square.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the design of the circuit breaker is integrated on the battery bottom cover, so that the size of the circuit breaker is greatly improved, and the working current of the circuit breaker is effectively improved.
2. The bottom cover of the battery is deformed to cause open circuit, and the area of the bottom cover is far larger than that of the battery cap, so that the open circuit air pressure range is greatly narrowed, and the reliability of the open circuit device is improved.
3. The area of the battery bottom cover is large, so that the open circuit at low air pressure can be realized, and the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing experimental results of the preferred embodiment of the present invention with those of the conventional art.
Wherein: 1. a battery bottom cover; 2. a support ring; 3. opening a road device; 4. a tab; 5. and (6) welding the sheet.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, a high current power-off device and a lithium ion battery include:
an open circuit device 3 for connecting the tabs 4; the opening device 3 is provided with a dent;
a support ring 2 supported on the lower surface of the circuit breaker 3; the support ring 2 is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover 1; wherein:
the middle part of the circuit breaker 3 is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover 1. The circuit breaker 3 can be in a circular arc shape or an arc shape.
The indentation is located on the lower or upper surface of the shunt 3.
And a welding piece 5 for connecting the lug 4 is fixed on the circuit breaker 3.
The material of the support ring 2 is an insulating material, and the insulating material is preferably polypropylene plastic or polyimide or glass or ceramic.
The material of the circuit breaker 3 is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
A lithium ion battery comprises the high-current power-off device and a battery.
Further: the battery is cylindrical or square.
In the following examples and comparative examples, 18650 batteries were used.
Example 1
Aiming at the structural characteristics of the cylindrical battery, the structure of the circuit breaker shown in figure 1 is formed by punching pure aluminum, and then a circle of annular shear mark is extruded outside the circuit breaker in a die extrusion mode, so that the stress concentration is generated at the position of the circuit breaker. The periphery of the circuit breaker is supported by a cylindrical structure made of polyimide, a platform in the middle of the circuit breaker is welded on a battery bottom cover in a laser welding mode, the structure is shown in figure 1, and a battery core lug is welded at the upper end of the circuit breaker.
Under the condition that the battery has an electrode end such as overcharge and short circuit, a large amount of electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode to generate a large amount of gas, so that the internal gas pressure of the lithium ion battery is continuously increased, the originally straight lower cover of the battery is outwards deformed, and the circuit breaker is disconnected from the cutting mark under the pulling of the lower cover of the battery, so that the positive electrode of the battery is opened with an external circuit, and the battery stops supplying power to the outside.
Example 2
Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of the battery, a circuit breaker shown in the following figure 2 is punched, then a layer of dents are extruded on the outer side of the circuit breaker by adopting an annular cutter to form stress concentration, and then an aluminum sheet for welding a tab is welded on the upper side of the circuit breaker. The periphery of the circuit breaker is supported by a cylindrical polypropylene plastic part, and the middle horizontal area of the circuit breaker is welded on the lower cover of the battery in a laser welding mode.
The positive pole lug of the battery core is welded on the circuit breaker through the pole lug welding sheet, electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of the positive pole and the negative pole when the battery is overcharged and short-circuited, so that a large amount of gas is generated in the battery, the internal gas pressure of the battery is increased rapidly, the lower cover of the battery is protruded and deformed, the circuit breaker is pulled by the deformed battery cover, but the circuit breaker cannot move due to the action of the insulating support ring, and finally the circuit breaker is broken from the dent, the positive pole of the battery is disconnected with an external circuit, and the circuit opening function is realized.
Example 3
According to the structural characteristics of the square battery, a stamping process is adopted to process the rectangular circuit breaker with the structure shown in the following figure, then a cutter is adopted to extrude dents on the outer side of the circuit breaker, stress concentration is formed at the dents, and then a layer of aluminum sheet is welded on the upper side of the circuit breaker to weld the positive pole lug. And the periphery of the circuit breaker is supported by an insulating ring made of polypropylene, and then the circuit breaker is welded on the battery shell from the middle plane in a laser welding mode.
The positive electrode of the battery core is welded on a welding sheet of the circuit breaker through the current collecting structure, when the battery is in short circuit and in the process, electrolyte is decomposed on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery in a large amount, a large amount of gas is generated, the internal air pressure of the lithium ion battery is rapidly increased, the shell of the lithium ion battery is deformed, the circuit breaker is pulled, the circuit breaker cannot move under the limitation of the insulating support ring, the circuit breaker is disconnected from the dent under the action of pressure, the positive electrode is disconnected from an external circuit, and the lithium ion battery stops supplying power to the.
Comparative example
A cylindrical lithium ion battery is adopted, the capacity is 30Ah, the shell is an anode and is made of Al materials, and the battery core is directly connected with the shell.
The battery testing method comprises the following steps:
overcharge test
And selecting a 30Ah battery with and without the functions of a circuit breaker to perform an overcharge test, and performing constant-current charging on the battery by adopting 6A current until the voltage is increased to 5V.
The three batteries adopting the circuit breaker and the common battery are subjected to overcharge test, the voltage change of the batteries in the overcharge process is shown in figure 3, the three batteries with the open circuit function are continuously charged, the voltage of the batteries continuously rises, and the voltage of the three batteries suddenly drops to 0V around 4.8V, which indicates that the lithium ion battery is internally opened at the moment, and the voltage of the conventional lithium ion battery does not have the open circuit function, so that the voltage continuously rises in the charging process, and finally the voltage of the battery reaches about 5.1V, and the battery shell is seriously deformed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high current power cutoff device, comprising at least:
a circuit breaker (3) for connecting the tabs (4); the opening device (3) is provided with a dent;
a support ring (2) supported on the lower surface of the circuit breaker (3); the support ring (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1); wherein:
the middle part of the opener (3) is bent downwards, and the lower surface of the middle part is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the battery bottom cover (1).
2. A high current power cut-off device according to claim 1, wherein the indentation is located on the lower or upper surface of the circuit breaker (3).
3. A high current power cut-off device according to claim 1, characterized in that a welding tab (5) for connecting the tab (4) is fixed to the circuit breaker (3).
4. A high current power cut-off device according to claim 1, wherein the material of the support ring (2) is an insulating material.
5. A high current power down device according to claim 3 wherein the insulating material is polypropylene plastic or polyimide or ceramic or glass.
6. A high current power cut-off device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the material of the circuit breaker (3) is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
7. A lithium ion battery comprising a high current disconnect device of any of claims 1-5 and a battery.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, wherein: the battery is cylindrical or square.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110690404A true CN110690404A (en) | 2020-01-14 |
| CN110690404B CN110690404B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910988481.4A Active CN110690404B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Heavy-current power-off device and lithium ion battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110690404B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112698228A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Thermal runaway simulation device for external short circuit of power lithium battery |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200972870Y (en) * | 2006-11-18 | 2007-11-07 | 浙江野马电池有限公司 | Bottom structure of battery |
| CN101232089A (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2008-07-30 | 江苏伊思达电池有限公司 | Special protecting cap of lithium ion power cell |
| CN101459230A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-06-17 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Explosion prevention coiling type power lithium battery |
| CN201699092U (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-01-05 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN206558565U (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-10-13 | 陕西沃特玛新能源有限公司 | A kind of battery cap |
-
2019
- 2019-10-17 CN CN201910988481.4A patent/CN110690404B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200972870Y (en) * | 2006-11-18 | 2007-11-07 | 浙江野马电池有限公司 | Bottom structure of battery |
| CN101232089A (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2008-07-30 | 江苏伊思达电池有限公司 | Special protecting cap of lithium ion power cell |
| CN101459230A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-06-17 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Explosion prevention coiling type power lithium battery |
| CN201699092U (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-01-05 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Lithium battery |
| CN206558565U (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-10-13 | 陕西沃特玛新能源有限公司 | A kind of battery cap |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112698228A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Thermal runaway simulation device for external short circuit of power lithium battery |
| CN112698228B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-12-06 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | Power lithium battery external short circuit thermal runaway simulation device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110690404B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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