CN110690060A - Electrolyte for improving working voltage of aqueous electrochemical capacitor - Google Patents
Electrolyte for improving working voltage of aqueous electrochemical capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electrolyte for improving the working voltage of a water-system electrochemical capacitor, belonging to the technical field of electrochemical capacitors. The electrolyte consists of an electrolyte and a solvent, wherein the electrolyte is ions with hydrophobic ends, such as fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate and other ionic surfactants, or sodium acetate, potassium acetate and other organic salts; the solvent is a mixed solution of low molecular weight polyethylene oxide and water. The present invention employs ions having hydrophobic ends as electrolytes. When voltage is applied to the electrode, the ion charged end is adsorbed to the surface of the electrode, and the hydrophobic end of the ion can prevent the water solvent from contacting with the electrode, so that the effect of separating the electrode and the water solvent is achieved, and the decomposition of the water solvent is hindered. The polyoxyethylene can increase the solubility of the organic salt and reduce the content of free water in the electrolyte, thereby improving the working voltage of the electrolyte. The preparation method is simple, the electrolyte is low in price and environment-friendly, and the electrode and the like cannot be corroded and damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical capacitors, in particular to an electrolyte for improving the working voltage of a water-system electrochemical capacitor.
Background
The super capacitor (electrochemical capacitor) has gained wide scientific research attention due to its high power density, fast charge and discharge capability and super long cycle stability. The main problems faced by current electrochemical capacitors are: compared with secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors have difficulty in meeting the demand of various electric devices for high energy storage density due to their low energy density.
In order to obtain higher energy storage density, the capacitance of the electrode is increased. The storage density of the electrochemical capacitor is improved by increasing the specific surface area of an electrode material or obtaining pseudo capacitance by a composite metal oxide and the like. If the formula E is 0.5CU2Compared with the capacitance C, the energy storage density is directly proportional to the square of the working voltage U of the electrochemical capacitor, so the influence of the working voltage on the energy storage density is more obvious. The energy density can be obviously improved by increasing the working voltage, under the condition of unchanging the capacitance, the working voltage is increased to N times, and the energy density is increased by N2And (4) doubling.
The operating voltage of an electrochemical capacitor is related to the electrolyte. Electrochemical capacitor electrolytes can be classified mainly into organic, aqueous, ionic liquid, and gel depending on the components of the electrolyte solution used. Organic electrolytes generally can withstand voltages of 2.5 to 4V without decomposition, and thus the use of organic electrolytes is an important method for achieving high energy storage density. However, organic electrolytes have significant drawbacks, and the use of organic electrolytes can lead to a reduction in capacitance and power. More noteworthy are the problems of environmental pollution of organic electrolytes and the drawbacks of flammability and explosiveness.
The aqueous electrolyte has a larger specific capacitance and better power performance than the organic electrolyte. And the price is low, the environment is protected, and the safety problems that organic electrolyte is flammable and easy to explode and the like do not exist. However, aqueous electrolytes have a significant disadvantage, namely low operating voltages. Because the thermodynamically stable potential of water is only around 1.23V. Water hydrolyzes at a lower voltage than organic electrolytes. Therefore, the improvement of the hydrolysis voltage of the water solvent in the water-based supercapacitor electrolyte becomes the key for realizing the high-performance water-based electrochemical capacitor.
The method for improving the working voltage of the aqueous electrolyte mainly comprises the following steps: a pair of redox reaction substances are added into the electrolyte to introduce a redox reaction with rapid reaction kinetics so as to inhibit a water decomposition reaction, a surface modification and the like, or a metal salt electrolyte with high hydration energy such as lithium sulfate and the like is adopted.
In recent years, an electrolyte called "water in salt" has been developed (Science,350,938(2015)), which is an ultra-high concentration organic salt, and based on this concept, a plurality of ultra-high concentration electrolytes are used for aqueous electrochemical energy storage, and these ultra-high concentration electrolytes can improve the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes and increase the operating voltage of aqueous electrolytes (about 3V, which is much greater than that of ordinary aqueous electrolytes by 1.23V). However, the ultra-high concentration of the electrolyte is limited to the electrolyte having ultra-high solubility (such as bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl imide salt). These electrolytes are generally relatively expensive, and the ultra-high concentration of electrolyte means that a large amount of electrolyte is required, which further increases the cost of the electrolyte. The invention develops the water system electrolyte without the need of salt with ultrahigh solubility, so that the conventional electrolyte salt can realize a high potential window under the conventional concentration, and the electrolyte can be used for a water system high-voltage electrochemical energy storage device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electrolyte for improving the working voltage of an aqueous electrochemical capacitor, aiming at the problem of low working voltage of an aqueous electrolyte caused by hydrolysis.
The electrolyte comprises electrolyte and solvent, wherein the electrolyte is ionic surfactant with a hydrophobic end, or organic salt or alkali salt, the solvent is mixed solution of polyoxyethylene and water, the electrolyte is dissolved in the solvent to obtain the electrolyte, and the ion concentration in the electrolyte is ensured to be 0.5-6 mol/Kg.
Wherein, the ionic surfactant comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate and the like, and the organic salt and the alkali salt comprise sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide, potassium acetate and the like.
The mass ratio of polyoxyethylene to water in the solvent is 1: 1-9:1.
The ionic surfactant having a hydrophobic end used in the present invention is an electrolyte, for example: sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and the like. The electrolyte having the above function can be electrolyzed in an aqueous solvent into ions having a hydrophobic end. Sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is taken as an example: RO (CH2CH2O) n-SO4Na ionizes RO (CH2CH2O) n-SO in water4 2-And Na+. For anion RO (CH2CH2O)12-SO4 2-One end of which is SO4 2-The charged carrier has the same anion action as common metal salts, and RO (CH2CH2O)12 is a hydrophobic end, and can repel aqueous solution and prevent water from contacting with electrodes, thereby inhibiting hydrolysis and improving the working voltage of aqueous electrolyte.
The electrolyte is mainly characterized in that ions with hydrophobic ends, such as fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate and the like, are used as electrolytes. The ion concentration of the electrolyte solution can be 0.5-6 mol/Kg, so as to obtain different hydrolysis voltages and ion mobility.
On the other hand, the invention can reduce or eliminate free water in the electrolyte, thereby hindering the decomposition of water in the solvent and further achieving the effect of improving the voltage of the aqueous electrolyte. The invention obtains the high-pressure water-based electrolyte with the voltage of more than 3V based on the principle.
The present invention uses a conventional organic salt or alkali metal hydroxide as an electrolyte, and polyoxyethylene and the like and water as a solvent to obtain a high-voltage aqueous electrolyte. Substances such as polyoxyethylene which have a strong effect on water can reduce or even eliminate free water in the solvent, thereby improving the operating voltage of the aqueous electrolyte.
The solvent of the invention is a mixed solution of polyoxyethylene and water, and the mass fraction of (polyoxyethylene) in the mixed solvent is 50-90% according to the difference of working voltage and working power. Depending on the mass fraction, a potential window of 2-3V can be obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the method for preparing the electrolyte is simple and universal, and the working voltage of most of water-system electrochemical capacitors can be easily improved; in the method for improving the voltage of the electrochemical capacitor, the electrolyte with the functions is basically daily chemical products such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium acetate and the like, is low in price, environment-friendly (even can be used for treating environmental pollution) and good in stability; the invention has no corrosion damage to electrochemical capacitors such as electrodes and the like, and has simple requirements on operating environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of an electrolyte solution for increasing the operating voltage of an aqueous electrochemical capacitor according to the present invention with a conventional aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein (a) is the conventional aqueous electrolyte solution and (b) is the aqueous electrolyte solution according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of potential windows of a fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate electrolyte and a sodium sulfate electrolyte prepared in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of sodium dodecyl sulfate electrolyte and sodium sulfate electrolyte potential windows prepared in examples of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a voltage sweep rate of 0.005V/s and a working potential of 1.5-2.2V;
FIG. 5 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of a supercapacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention, with a voltage sweep rate of 0.01V/s and a working potential of 1.5-2.6V;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the coulombic efficiency of the super capacitor at different operating voltages according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a comparison of the potential windows of the electrolytes of the present invention and conventional electrolytes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides an electrolyte for improving the working voltage of an aqueous electrochemical capacitor, aiming at the problem of low working voltage caused by hydrolysis of the existing aqueous electrolyte.
The electrolyte comprises an electrolyte and a solvent, wherein the electrolyte is ions with hydrophobic ends, the solvent is a mixed solution of polyoxyethylene and water, the electrolyte is dissolved in the solvent to obtain the electrolyte, and the ion concentration in the electrolyte is ensured to be 0.5-6 mol/Kg.
The design idea of the invention is as follows: since the water decomposition voltage is relatively low, when a voltage is applied to the electrodes (water decomposition voltage is reached), hydrolysis reaction occurs at the interface where the water solvent contacts the electrodes or the water solvent contacts the electrodes. Then, if the water in the electrolyte is not allowed to easily reach the electrode surface or the electrolyte-electrode interface, the decomposition of water can be hindered or even prevented. The invention is based on this principle to increase the operating voltage of the electrolyte. The present invention employs ions having hydrophobic ends as electrolytes. When voltage is applied to the electrode, the ionic charged end is adsorbed to the surface of the electrode, and the hydrophobic end of the ion can prevent the water solvent from contacting with the electrode (as shown in figure 1), so that the electrode and the water solvent are separated, and the decomposition of the water solvent is hindered.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1mol (not limited to 1mol) of sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an electrolyte, and a mixed solution of polyethylene glycol and water is used as a solvent to prepare 1mol/Kg of electrolyte. The active carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 2.1V by using the sodium dodecyl sulfate as an electrolyte.
Example 2
1mol (not limited to 1mol) of sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an electrolyte, and a mixed solution of polyethylene glycol and water is used as a solvent. CMK-3 mesoporous carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode material is subjected to CV test in sodium dodecyl sulfate electrolyte, and compared with the sodium dodecyl sulfate neutral electrolyte with the same molar concentration, the sodium dodecyl sulfate electrolyte has a wider potential window, as shown in figure 3, the potential window of sodium sulfate is (-0.8V to 0.5V), and the sodium dodecyl sulfate is not hydrolyzed obviously in the potential range of-1V to 1V. The electrodes are assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, cyclic voltammograms at different voltage sweep rates are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the results show that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 2V by using sodium dodecyl sulfate as an electrolyte.
Example 3
1mol (not limited to 1mol) of sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is used as electrolyte, and carbon nanotube cloth is used as an electrode. The electrode material is subjected to CV test in a sodium alcohol ether sulphate electrolyte, compared with a sodium alcohol ether sulphate neutral electrolyte with the same molar concentration, the sodium alcohol ether sulphate electrolyte has a wider potential window, as shown in figure 6, the potential window of the sodium sulphate is (-0.9V to 0.7V), and the sodium alcohol ether sulphate is not hydrolyzed obviously in the potential range of-1.0V to 1.2V. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 2.2V by using the sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as an electrolyte.
Example 4
0.5-6 mol (not limited to 0.5-6 mol) of sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate is used as electrolyte, CMK-3 mesoporous carbon is used as electrode material, and the electrode is prepared by uniformly mixing the electrode material with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion and then pressing the mixture in a foam nickel net. The electrode material is subjected to CV test in a sodium alcohol ether sulphate electrolyte, compared with a sodium alcohol ether sulphate neutral electrolyte with the same molar concentration, the sodium alcohol ether sulphate electrolyte has a wider potential window, as shown in figure 2, the potential window of the sodium sulphate is (-0.8V to 0.5V), and the sodium alcohol ether sulphate is not hydrolyzed obviously in the potential range of-0.9V to 1V. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 1.8V by using the sodium fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as an electrolyte.
Example 5
A2 mol/kg aqueous sodium acetate electrolyte was prepared using 1.64g of sodium acetate as an electrolyte and a mixed solution of 10g of water and 10g of polyoxyethylene as a solvent. Electrochemical tests show that the potential window is-1-1.5V. The active carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 2.2V by using the electrolyte. The normal sodium acetate solution is used as electrolyte, and the working voltage of the capacitor is 1.6V.
Example 6
An alkaline aqueous electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (3 mol/kg) was prepared by using 1.68g of potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte and a mixed solution of 10g of water and 10g of polyoxyethylene as a solvent. Electrochemical tests show that the potential window is between-1.5 and 0.8V. The active carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 1.6V by using the electrolyte. The normal potassium hydroxide solution is used as electrolyte, and the working voltage of the capacitor is 1.2V.
Example 7
An alkaline aqueous electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (3 mol/kg) was prepared by using 1.68g of potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte and a mixed solution of 2g of water and 8g of polyoxyethylene as a solvent. Electrochemical tests show that the potential window is obviously improved. The active carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 1.6V by using the electrolyte. The normal potassium hydroxide solution is used as electrolyte, and the working voltage of the capacitor is 1.2V.
Example 8
An alkaline aqueous electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (5 mol/kg) was prepared by using 4.9g of potassium acetate as an electrolyte and a mixed solution of 10g of water and 10g of polyoxyethylene as a solvent. Electrochemical tests show that the potential window is between-1.4 and 1.6V. The active carbon is used as an electrode material, is uniformly mixed with acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a proportion, and is pressed in a carbon cloth to prepare the electrode. The electrode is assembled into an electrochemical capacitor, and the result shows that the operating voltage of the capacitor can reach more than 2.2V by using the electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 7, for comparison of potential windows of the electrolytes, it can be seen from the figure that the electrolyte of the present invention can significantly increase the operating voltage of the aqueous electrolyte compared to the conventional electrolyte by adding polyoxyethylene or the like to the organic salt, thereby increasing the energy density of the electrochemical capacitor.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An electrolyte for improving the working voltage of a water-based electrochemical capacitor is characterized in that: the electrolyte is a mixed solution of polyoxyethylene and water, and is dissolved in the solvent to obtain an electrolyte, and the ion concentration in the electrolyte is ensured to be 0.5-6 mol/Kg.
2. The aqueous electrochemical capacitor operating voltage increasing electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the ionic surfactant comprises fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and lauryl sodium sulfate.
3. The aqueous electrochemical capacitor operating voltage increasing electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the organic salt and alkali salt include sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium acetate.
4. The aqueous electrochemical capacitor operating voltage increasing electrolyte of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of polyoxyethylene to water in the solvent is 1: 1-9:1.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112863878A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-28 | 广州金立电子有限公司 | Low-leakage aluminum electrolytic capacitor working electrolyte |
| CN114582637A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Water-based electrolyte of supercapacitor and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115466474A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-13 | 香港理工大学 | Moisture power generation material and device |
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| CN112863878A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-28 | 广州金立电子有限公司 | Low-leakage aluminum electrolytic capacitor working electrolyte |
| CN115466474A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-13 | 香港理工大学 | Moisture power generation material and device |
| CN114582637A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 太原理工大学 | Water-based electrolyte of supercapacitor and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110690060B (en) | 2020-11-20 |
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