CN110689287A - Simulation training evaluation method and system based on power dispatching rule knowledge base - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation training evaluation method and system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base in the technical field of power system simulation training, wherein the power dispatching rule knowledge base is constructed according to simulation tasks; performing behavior normative evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the operation rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base; performing behavior validity evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the power grid index rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base; and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation. The method provides specific normative operation and evaluation indexes by constructing the power dispatching rule knowledge base, and has objectivity and normative; the normative and the effectiveness of the operation are evaluated respectively, the intermediate operation steps violating the safety production can be found in time, the method does not depend on the experience and the level of an instructor, and the evaluation result is objective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power system simulation training, and particularly relates to a simulation training evaluation method and system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base.
Background
With the construction of smart power grids and ubiquitous power internet of things, the operation characteristics of power grids are changing profoundly, the coupling of a transmitting end and a receiving end is becoming tighter and tighter due to extra-high voltage alternating current-direct current hybrid connection, the contradiction of strong and weak direct current is very outstanding, the dynamic stability characteristics of the power grids are increasingly complex due to the fact that a large number of power electronic devices are put into operation, the uncertainty of power grid operation caused by large-scale new energy grid connection is enhanced, and the like. The dispatcher simulation training system becomes a necessary modern training tool for improving the professional skills of power grid operators, and especially plays an important role in improving the skills of trained personnel such as daily monitoring, normal operation, abnormal and accident processes and handling. However, the dispatcher simulation training system lacks an effective evaluation means, the system use process is too dependent on a teacher, the trainee lacks necessary guidance, prompt and evaluation during autonomous learning, the right and wrong of simulation operation are not known, and the learning enthusiasm of the dispatcher using the system is greatly reduced.
At present, three methods are mainly used for simulation training evaluation of dispatchers:
(1) scoring and evaluating. Recording various operations of the trainees in the training process and results after the operations in detail, and carrying out artificial scoring evaluation on the trainees from the operation records; the method has the advantages that the artificial scoring workload is large, the subjective randomness is relatively large, the evaluation means of objectivity and normalization is lacked, the conditions of missed judgment, misjudgment and the like can exist depending on the experience and knowledge of a teacher, and especially for the evaluation of the power grid dispatching skill level, the operation mechanism is very complex, so that the artificial training evaluation has relatively large limitation;
(2) index evaluation method. The power grid indexes caused by simulation operation of the trainees are changed, and the evaluation is carried out on the indexes in the aspects of power grid safety, reliability, economy and the like; the assessment method has the advantages that the workload of teachers is small, the assessment result is objective, but the assessment only through the power grid indexes has larger limitation, the content design of the deduction items and the weight coefficient design thereof have larger influence on the comprehensiveness and rationality of the assessment, and meanwhile, the assessment method only focuses on the final result, cannot find out the intermediate operation step violating the safety production in time, and brings certain hidden danger to the safety production of the power grid;
(3) and (4) comparison evaluation method. And the instructor generates standard operation answers through standard operation, and the operation records of the learner and the standard operation answers are compared and evaluated one by one. The method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in implementation, moderate workload and capability of evaluating the specific operation flow of the equipment, and has the defects that the evaluation process is too dependent on the standard operation records made by a teacher before, the evaluation result is greatly influenced by the different standard operation records, meanwhile, the standard operation records formed by the teacher through operation are difficult to enumerate all possible correct operations, and the evaluation reliability is greatly reduced for some complex and flexible simulation accident handling tasks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation training evaluation method and system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a simulation training evaluation method based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base comprises the following steps:
a. constructing a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task;
b. performing behavior normative evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the operation rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base;
c. performing behavior validity evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the power grid index rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base;
d. and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
The step a comprises the following steps:
a1, determining a knowledge extraction range, dividing an organization structure of a scheduling rule knowledge class and extracting keywords of various knowledge from the evaluation requirement of a dispatcher simulation training system;
a2, establishing object-oriented scheduling rule knowledge representation;
a3, classifying and organizing the scheduling rule knowledge base: designing a scheduling rule knowledge class according to a top-down principle based on the inheritance of the object class, wherein a top base class comprises behavior normalization and behavior effectiveness; the second layer comprises a power grid operation mode, power grid safe and stable operation indexes, accident handling plans, dispatcher operation specifications and power grid index classes; the third layer comprises a starting mode class, a power transmission section stability limit class and a fault type handling class; and (3) taking the inheritance of the subclasses to the parents as a basic principle, and adding each subclass layer by layer downwards until the subclasses are divided into minimum constitution units.
The step b comprises the following steps:
b1, acquiring operation rules from the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task, the power grid operation mode and the operation instruction triggered by the simulation interface;
b2, instantiating a universal behavior normative rule in the current application scene;
b3, judging the normalization of the simulation operation based on the normalization rule of the instantiation behavior;
b4, outputting the evaluation result of the simulation operation normative.
The step c comprises the following steps:
c1, recording various indexes of the power grid when the simulation task starts, and acquiring related power grid index rules from the scheduling rule knowledge base according to the simulation task and the power grid operation mode;
c2, instantiating a universal power grid index rule according to the current power grid state and the simulation task;
c3, periodically judging the effectiveness of the simulation operation based on the instantiated power grid index class rule and the real-time change of the power grid index;
and c4, outputting the evaluation result of the effectiveness of the simulation operation.
And the comprehensive evaluation result is obtained by combining the weights of the behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation by the instructor according to the simulation task.
A simulation training evaluation system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base comprises a power dispatching rule knowledge base module, a behavior normative evaluation module, a behavior validity evaluation module and a comprehensive evaluation module,
the power dispatching rule knowledge base module constructs a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task;
the behavior normative evaluation module acquires operation rules from the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation tasks and carries out behavior normative evaluation on the operation instructions of the simulation interface;
the behavior effectiveness evaluation module acquires the power grid index rule from the power dispatching rule knowledge base and performs behavior effectiveness evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface;
and the comprehensive evaluation module outputs a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative weight and the behavior effectiveness weight given by the instructor according to the simulation task, and the comprehensive behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method provides specific normative operation and evaluation indexes by constructing the power dispatching rule knowledge base, and has objectivity and normative; the normative and the effectiveness of the operation are evaluated respectively, the intermediate operation steps violating the safety production can be found in time, the method does not depend on the experience and the level of an instructor, and the evaluation result is objective.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a power dispatching rule knowledge base constructed in a simulation training evaluation method based on the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating classification and organization of power dispatching rule knowledge classes in a simulation training evaluation method based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow of evaluating the normative behavior in a simulation training evaluation method based on a power scheduling rule knowledge base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a flow of behavior effectiveness evaluation in a simulation training evaluation method based on a power scheduling rule knowledge base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a comprehensive evaluation result obtained in a simulation training evaluation method based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the #1 main transformer changing from the hot standby state to the operating state;
fig. 7 is a transformer switch closing logic diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A simulation training evaluation method based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base comprises the steps of constructing the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to simulation tasks; performing behavior normative evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the operation rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base; performing behavior validity evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the power grid index rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base; and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for constructing the power dispatching rule knowledge base includes:
1. extraction of power dispatching rule knowledge
Starting from the evaluation requirement of a dispatcher simulation training system, firstly, determining a knowledge extraction range; then, dividing an organization structure of a scheduling rule knowledge class and extracting keywords of various knowledge classes;
the knowledge extraction scope includes: the general standards and the contents of the rules in the data of a detailed rule for power grid dispatching control operation, a national power grid dispatching control management regulation, a dispatching accident handling plan, an annual power grid operation mode, a national power grid dispatching system major accident reporting rule, a power system safety and stability guide rule, a power system safety and stability calculation technical specification and the like.
2. Establishing object-oriented power dispatching rule knowledge representation
Compared with the traditional knowledge representation methods such as production rules, frames and the like, the object-oriented knowledge representation method is more consistent with thinking ways of people for recognizing and analyzing problems, and has encapsulation, inheritance and reloading performance, so that the rule knowledge reusability and maintainability are better;
the specific description form of the power dispatching rule knowledge base object class is as follows:
class < object class name >: : (inheritance relationship)
{
Attributes < Attribute > (State, object Attribute)
Method (interface, use condition, scheduling rule)
}
Wherein class represents class, Attributes represents Attributes, and Method represents Method: : represents the inheritance relationship, class,: : attributes and Method are constructs of an object-oriented computer programming language.
3. Classification and organization of power dispatching rule knowledge base
And designing a scheduling rule knowledge class according to a top-down principle based on the inheritance of the object class. Firstly, the top base class comprises behavior normalization and behavior effectiveness, and the second layer comprises a power grid operation mode, power grid safe and stable operation indexes, accident handling plans, dispatcher operation specifications and power grid index classes; the third layer comprises a starting mode class, a transmission section stability quota class, a fault type handling class and the like, and each subclass is added downwards layer by taking the inheritance of the subclass to the parent class as a basic principle until the subclass is divided into minimum constituent units, such as low frequency, low voltage, breaker opening, line fault processing and the like. The classification organization of the power scheduling rule knowledge class is shown in fig. 2.
The simulation behavior normative evaluation comprises a power grid operation mode type, a power grid safety and stability type, an accident handling plan type and a dispatcher operation type, and according to the standards such as dispatching regulations and operation specifications, the dispatcher performs checking, monitoring, normal operation or fault handling behaviors under the limiting conditions of the power grid operation mode and the power grid safety and stability, if: when the bus is processed after tripping, a dispatcher needs to check whether the bus has voltage or not to find a fault point, then the fault point is isolated, and the power transmission operation is recovered;
as shown in fig. 3, the specific evaluation procedure included:
1) acquiring related behavior normative rules from a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to a simulation task, a power grid operation mode and a simulation operation instruction triggered by an interface;
2) instantiating a general behavior normative rule under the current application scene;
3) judging the normalization of the simulation operation based on the normalization rule of the instantiation behavior;
4) and outputting a simulation operation normative evaluation result.
And (4) evaluating the validity of the simulation behavior, wherein the operation state of the power grid after the operation of a dispatcher includes the aspects of safety, economy, reliability and the like of the power grid. The power grid operation safety indexes mainly comprise a transient stability index, a small interference stability index, a frequency stability index, a voltage stability index and the like; the reliability indexes mainly comprise a circuit margin, a transformer margin, a pivot point voltage margin, a section margin and the like; the economic indexes mainly comprise net loss rate, coal consumption and the like;
as shown in fig. 4, the specific evaluation procedure includes:
1) recording various indexes of the power grid when a simulation task starts, and acquiring related power grid index rules from a scheduling rule knowledge base according to the simulation task and the power grid operation mode;
2) instantiating a universal power grid index rule aiming at the current power grid state and a simulation task;
3) periodically judging the effectiveness of the simulation operation based on the instantiated power grid index class rule and the real-time change of the power grid index;
4) and outputting the evaluation result of the effectiveness of the simulation operation.
And (3) comprehensively evaluating results, wherein the evaluation method based on the power dispatching rule knowledge base is a combination of simulation operation normative evaluation and simulation operation effectiveness evaluation, and a teacher can combine the results of the simulation operation normative evaluation and the simulation operation effectiveness evaluation according to a certain proportion to finally obtain comprehensive evaluation results of the trainees. The evaluation method based on the power scheduling rule knowledge base is shown in fig. 5.
The method starts from the most basic knowledge, rules and regulations of power grid dispatching, adopts knowledge extraction, expression, organization and reasoning technology to construct a dispatching rule knowledge base, and well solves the evaluation problem of simulation training of dispatchers on the basis.
The simulation training evaluation method based on the power dispatching rule knowledge base is further described by taking a simulation task of converting a 500kV #1 transformer switch from hot standby to running as an example:
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the #1 main transformer changing from the hot standby state to the operating state, and the initial grid operating mode is as follows: the 500kV #1 main transformer is currently in a hot standby state, and a 500kV side switch 5501, a 220kV side switch 2201 and a 35kV side switch 3501 are in a switching-off state. And the voltages of the three side buses connected with the #1 main transformer are normal. Receiving the simulation task, the 500kV #1 main transformer switch is switched to be operated from the hot standby.
1. Building power dispatching rule knowledge base
1) Scheduling rule knowledge extraction
The method for extracting the knowledge of the transformer operation rule from the national grid dispatching control regulation according to the keywords comprises the following steps:
operation class: the 500kV __ transformer is switched from hot standby to operation;
rule 1: the switches on each side of the transformer should be closed;
rule 2: when the switch is switched on, the transformer protection needs to be put into first;
rule 3: when power is transmitted, the high-voltage side switch is firstly closed, the medium-voltage side switch is closed, and the low-voltage side switch is closed
Rule 4: when the high-voltage side switch is turned on, if the medium-voltage side switch is already in the on position, the switch is prompted to open the loop at the medium-voltage side
Rule 5: when the medium-voltage side switch is closed, if the high-voltage side switch is in the separated position, the power transmission from the high-voltage side of the main transformer is prompted;
2) object-oriented power scheduling rule knowledge representation
IF represents IF, THEN represents THEN, ELSE represents otherwise, IF, THEN, and ELSE are a way to describe logical relationships in an object-oriented computer programming language;
as shown in fig. 7, it is a switching logic diagram of the transformer switch;
3) classification and organization of power dispatching rule knowledge base
According to the classification method of the power dispatching rule knowledge base, as shown in fig. 1: the top-level base class of the class is a behavior normative rule class, the second-level subclass is a dispatcher operation class, the bottommost subclass is a transformer operation class, and the subclass inherits all attributes and methods of the parent class.
2. Normative evaluation of simulation behaviors
1) The evaluation program obtains a simulation task of converting a hot standby mode into a running mode of a 500kV #1 transformer, and obtains corresponding operation rules from a scheduling rule knowledge base through keywords of [ transformer ], [ hot standby mode ] and [ running mode ];
the method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining a transformer operation class, namely a transformer hot standby operation rule;
2) instantiating a general behavior normative rule class in the current simulation task scene;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the task is mainly to instantiate switches on each side of a transformer operation class, namely a transformer hot standby transfer rule:
high-voltage side switch 5501
Medium voltage side switch 2201
3) Instantiating a behavior normative rule, and judging the normative of the simulation operation;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and when the evaluation receives an operation instruction of the simulation interface, calling a transformer operation class: : evaluating the hot standby transfer rule of the transformer in real time;
IF transformer operation class: : the transformer hot standby transfer line rule THEN performs the operation
The ELSE carries out deduction and error prompt;
4) simulating an operation normative evaluation result;
and (4) submitting the simulation task, and outputting a normalization score of the simulation operation according to the task completion condition.
3. Evaluation of validity of simulation behavior
1) Acquiring a simulation task of converting a hot standby mode into a running mode of a 500kV #1 transformer, recording various indexes of a power grid, and acquiring related power grid index rules from a scheduling rule knowledge base;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: obtaining the power grid index class: safety class, grid index class: reliability class, grid index class: economic and other rules.
2) The method comprises the steps that a front power grid state and a simulation task instantiate a universal power grid index rule;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the current power grid operation mode and power grid parameters, power grid calculation is carried out, and specific power grid safety indexes, reliability indexes and economic indexes are obtained;
3) periodically judging the effectiveness of the simulation operation based on the instantiated power grid index class rule and the real-time change of the power grid index;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and continuously and periodically scanning the running state of the power grid of the simulation system, and deducting according to the change condition of various indexes. If the current of the power line exceeds 1 minute every 5 minutes, the overload of the transformer is 2 minutes every 5 minutes, the loss of 0.1MW load is 1 minute, and the like;
4) outputting a simulation operation effectiveness evaluation result;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: and submitting the simulation task and outputting the effectiveness score of the simulation operation.
4. Results of comprehensive evaluation
The comprehensive evaluation result is composed of operation scores and simulation index scores triggered by simulation, and according to the simulation task, instructors can reasonably distribute the operation scores and the simulation index scores according to different weights, and finally, the comprehensive evaluation result of the trainees is obtained. The specific flow is shown in fig. 5.
Based on the method, the invention provides a simulation training evaluation system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base, which comprises a power dispatching rule knowledge base module, a behavior normative evaluation module, a behavior effectiveness evaluation module and a comprehensive evaluation module,
the power dispatching rule knowledge base module constructs a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task;
the behavior normative evaluation module acquires operation rules from the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation tasks and carries out behavior normative evaluation on the operation instructions of the simulation interface;
the behavior effectiveness evaluation module acquires the power grid index rule from the power dispatching rule knowledge base and performs behavior effectiveness evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface;
and the comprehensive evaluation module outputs a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative weight and the behavior effectiveness weight given by the instructor according to the simulation task, and the comprehensive behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
The method provides specific normative operation and evaluation indexes by constructing the power dispatching rule knowledge base, and has objectivity and normative; the normative and the effectiveness of the operation are evaluated respectively, the intermediate operation steps violating the safety production can be found in time, the method does not depend on the experience and the level of an instructor, and the evaluation result is objective.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A simulation training evaluation method based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. constructing a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task;
b. performing behavior normative evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the operation rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base;
c. performing behavior validity evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface according to the power grid index rule acquired from the power dispatching rule knowledge base;
d. and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
2. The power dispatching rule knowledge base-based simulation training evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step a comprises:
a1, determining a knowledge extraction range, dividing an organization structure of a scheduling rule knowledge class and extracting keywords of various knowledge from the evaluation requirement of a dispatcher simulation training system;
a2, establishing object-oriented scheduling rule knowledge representation;
a3, classifying and organizing the scheduling rule knowledge base: designing a scheduling rule knowledge class according to a top-down principle based on the inheritance of the object class, wherein a top base class comprises behavior normalization and behavior effectiveness; the second layer comprises a power grid operation mode, power grid safe and stable operation indexes, accident handling plans, dispatcher operation specifications and power grid index classes; the third layer comprises a starting mode class, a power transmission section stability limit class and a fault type handling class; and (3) taking the inheritance of the subclasses to the parents as a basic principle, and adding each subclass layer by layer downwards until the subclasses are divided into minimum constitution units.
3. The power dispatching rule knowledge base-based simulation training evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step b comprises:
b1, acquiring operation rules from the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task, the power grid operation mode and the operation instruction triggered by the simulation interface;
b2, instantiating a universal behavior normative rule in the current application scene;
b3, judging the normalization of the simulation operation based on the normalization rule of the instantiation behavior;
b4, outputting the evaluation result of the simulation operation normative.
4. The power dispatching rule knowledge base-based simulation training evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step c comprises:
c1, recording various indexes of the power grid when the simulation task starts, and acquiring related power grid index rules from the scheduling rule knowledge base according to the simulation task and the power grid operation mode;
c2, instantiating a universal power grid index rule according to the current power grid state and the simulation task;
c3, periodically judging the effectiveness of the simulation operation based on the instantiated power grid index class rule and the real-time change of the power grid index;
and c4, outputting the evaluation result of the effectiveness of the simulation operation.
5. The power dispatching rule knowledge base-based simulation training evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comprehensive evaluation result is obtained by an instructor according to simulation tasks and according to respective weights of behavior normative evaluation and behavior effectiveness evaluation.
6. A simulation training evaluation system based on a power dispatching rule knowledge base is characterized by comprising a power dispatching rule knowledge base module, a behavior normative evaluation module, a behavior effectiveness evaluation module and a comprehensive evaluation module,
the power dispatching rule knowledge base module constructs a power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation task;
the behavior normative evaluation module acquires operation rules from the power dispatching rule knowledge base according to the simulation tasks and carries out behavior normative evaluation on the operation instructions of the simulation interface;
the behavior effectiveness evaluation module acquires the power grid index rule from the power dispatching rule knowledge base and performs behavior effectiveness evaluation on the operation instruction of the simulation interface;
and the comprehensive evaluation module outputs a comprehensive evaluation result according to the behavior normative weight and the behavior effectiveness weight given by the instructor according to the simulation task, and the comprehensive behavior normative evaluation and the behavior effectiveness evaluation.
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