CN110687608A - Annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths - Google Patents
Annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths Download PDFInfo
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- CN110687608A CN110687608A CN201911104417.1A CN201911104417A CN110687608A CN 110687608 A CN110687608 A CN 110687608A CN 201911104417 A CN201911104417 A CN 201911104417A CN 110687608 A CN110687608 A CN 110687608A
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
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Abstract
The invention discloses an annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths, which specifically comprises the following steps: designing an observation point: providing a plurality of electrodes or electrode pairs on an annular circumference; the method can be used for detecting the characteristics of the geological structures and the rock (ore) stone electrical anisotropy at different depths on the same measuring point so as to obtain the anisotropic characteristics of the geological structure; the depth of detection can range from a few meters to thousands of meters; meanwhile, the influence of the change of a natural electric field along with time during detection is overcome, the fine comparison between detection results is realized, and the detection quality and precision are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological exploration, and particularly relates to an annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths.
Background
With economic development, geological work has higher and higher requirements on exploration depth and exploration precision, and particularly the vigorous dry-hot rock technology in recent years puts higher requirements on geophysical prospecting workers; the method has the advantages that the anisotropy of rock structures at different depths can be effectively researched, and the method has extremely important significance for deep underground geological structure research.
At present, the research of anisotropy aiming at geological structures with different depths is to detect on line or plane and then suppose underground geological conditions with different depths of each point; on the same point, the geological conditions at different depths in the ground are greatly changed due to the influence of multi-stage structures; the degree of fracture of rocks at different depths and in different directions is different, so a method for accurately and rapidly researching the anisotropy of a geological structure is urgently needed.
At present, the research method aiming at the anisotropy of rocks at different depths of a certain point is complex, the underground geological condition of the specific point is presumed by measuring lines and surfaces, the underground geological condition of the certain point is difficult to judge by a few points, and accurate inference can be made only by enough measuring points, so the measuring speed is slow; only the overall longitudinal electrical property difference and the overall transverse electrical property difference of a certain point can be known, namely the overall two-dimensional electrical property reflection cannot accurately reflect the anisotropy of the three-dimensional electrical properties of different depths of a certain point; namely, the three-dimensional interpretation is still obtained by extending from two dimensions to two sides; meanwhile, the current test method is limited by the landform and the landform, and a large observation field is needed to meet the observation requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an annular detection method for anisotropies of geologies at different depths, which can quickly judge the anisotropies of the geologies at different depths by detecting the anisotropies of the geologies at different depths and simultaneously solve the problems that in the current profile or single-point frequency depth measurement method, the observation data at different moments are changed at the same physical observation point due to the change of a natural field source along with time, the fine comparison of the observation data at each observation point at different moments is influenced, and the observation quality is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths comprises the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
setting a circle in the test area, arranging m pairs of electrodes, n respectively, on the same circle1And n1'，n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' forming m groups of electrode pairs, wherein m is more than or equal to 4; n is1And n1'、n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' on the same diameter, respectively; the potential difference between each electrode pair arranged on the circumference is not less than 0.1 mv;
(2) potential difference test
Potential observation is carried out on the electrode groups at the same time and at the same frequency, and the potential difference between the measurement electrode groups is Vn1-n1'、Vn2-n2'、Vn3-n3'、Vn4-n4'……Vnm-nm'；
(3) Processing and analysis of test data
Drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph by using the acquired data measured in the step (2) through drawing software, and analyzing the geological anisotropy according to the drawn graph to obtain the anisotropies of geologies at different depths;
preferably, the frequency range in step (2) is 0.01-10000 Hz.
The annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths comprises the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
setting a circle in the test area, and arranging m electrodes, n respectively, on the same circle1、n2、n3、n4……nmWhile a common reference electrode n is provided0Wherein m is more than or equal to 8; electrodes n arranged circumferentiallymAnd n0The potential difference between the common reference electrode and the common reference electrode is not less than 0.1mv0The distance to the circle center is not less than 5 times of the diameter of the circle；
(2) Potential testing
The electrodes are subjected to potential observation at the same frequency at the same time, and the electrode n at the measuring point is observedmWith a common reference electrode n0The potential difference between the two is regarded as each measuring point nmPotential Vn ofm；
(3) Processing and analysis of test data
Drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph by using current general drawing software for data acquisition measured in the step (2), and analyzing the geological anisotropy according to the drawn graph to obtain geological anisotropy results at different depths;
preferably, the frequency range in step (2) is 0.01-10000 Hz.
Further, the method for drawing the same-frequency electrical anisotropy map comprises the following steps: drawing potential differences or potentials of the points with the same observation point and the same frequency on radius positions in a circumferential region in proportion, and connecting the points to obtain a common-frequency electrical anisotropy diagram; judging and analyzing according to the common-frequency electrical anisotropy diagram to obtain a result of geological anisotropy;
advantageous effects
The annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths can be used for detecting the characteristics of geological structures and electrical anisotropy of rocks (ores) at different depths underground at the same measuring point so as to obtain the anisotropy characteristics of the geological structures; the detection depth can be from several meters to thousands of meters, and the detection range is large; the method can be used for mineral exploration, hydrological exploration, geothermal exploration, petroleum exploration, geological structure research and active structure research;
the method of the invention needs a small observation field, the length and the width of the test field can reach 20 ~ 50 m respectively to complete the test, each ring represents a test point, each test point can directly detect the anisotropic geoelectricity characteristics of different underground depths, thereby analyzing and explaining the geological anisotropic results of different underground depths;
the method of the invention realizes the effect of detecting by using the same electric field source in a larger detection range, overcomes the influence of the change of a natural electric field along with time during detection, realizes the fine comparison between detection results and improves the detection quality and precision;
the method has the characteristics of large exploration depth, high precision, low cost and high speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout of observation points (electrode pair A and electrode pair B) of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the electrical (potential difference A and potential difference B) anisotropy of the same frequency of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments; the electrode potential of the invention is tested by adopting a ZH-8 multifunctional electric method workstation disclosed in the Chinese patent application No. CN 201610239078.8.
Example 1
The annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths comprises the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
a circle is arranged in the test area, and m pairs of electrodes (shown in FIG. 1A) are arranged on the same circle, wherein n is respectively1And n1'，n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' A pair of electrodes, wherein m.gtoreq.4, n1And n1'、n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' on the same diameter circumference, respectively; the potential difference between each electrode pair arranged on the circumference is not less than 0.1mv, if the potential difference between each electrode pair is less than 0.1mv, the potential difference is increased by enlarging the radius of the circumference;
(2) potential difference test
Potential observation of the same frequency is carried out on each electrode pair at the same time, and the potential difference between each group of electrode pairs is respectively measured to be Vn1-n1'、Vn2-n2'、Vn3-n3'、Vn4-n4'……Vnm-nm'; wherein, the frequency range is 0.01-10000 Hz;
(3) processing of test data
Drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph by data processing software for the data acquisition measured in the step (2), and performing visual analysis on the anisotropy of the geological structure according to the drawn graph to obtain the anisotropy of geological structures at different depths;
drawing potential differences of all points on the same measuring point at the same frequency in proportion on the diameter position of the point, connecting the potential differences of all points, and marking the position of each measuring point, the number of the measuring point and the direction of the measuring point relative to the circle center on the circumference; namely, obtaining a potential difference anisotropy diagram, as shown in FIG. 2 (A); judging the anisotropy of the geological structure with the corresponding depth by analyzing the change of the potential difference; the integrity of the stratum rock is judged according to the level of each potential (or potential difference), namely the rock is more complete when the potential (or potential difference) is higher, and the rock is more broken.
As can be seen from fig. 2 (a), the potential difference in the north-south direction is large, and the potential difference in the east-west direction is small, thus illustrating that the rocks in the north-south direction are relatively complete and the rocks in the east-west direction are relatively broken under the depth; when the potential difference in each direction is not changed greatly and the potential difference value is relatively large, the depth rock is overall complete; when the potential difference in each direction is not changed greatly and the potential difference value is relatively small, the deep rock is broken overall; thereby judging the anisotropy of the deep rock.
The potential anisotropy graphs with different frequencies can be obtained by drawing the potentials with different frequencies from high frequency to low frequency on one graph, and the anisotropy graphs reflect the anisotropy of geological structures with different depths.
Example 2
The annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths comprises the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
a circle is arranged in the measuring region, and m electrodes (shown in FIG. 1B) are arranged on the same circle, wherein n is respectively1、n2、n3、n4……nmWhile a common reference electrode n is provided0Wherein m is more than or equal to 8; electrodes arranged circumferentially with n0The potential difference between the common reference electrode and the common reference electrode is not less than 0.1mv0The distance to the circle center of the circumference is not less than 5 times of the diameter of the circumference;
(2) potentiometric measurement
The electrodes are subjected to potential observation at the same frequency at the same time, and the point electrode n is measuredmWith a common reference electrode n0The potential difference between the two is regarded as each measuring point nmPotential Vn ofm(ii) a Wherein, the frequency range is 0.01-10000 Hz;
(3) processing of test data
Drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph by adopting drawing software for the data measured in the step (2), and analyzing the anisotropy of the geological structure according to the drawn graph to obtain anisotropy results of geologies with different depths;
drawing potential differences or potentials of the points with the same observation point and the same frequency on radius positions in a circumferential region in proportion, connecting the potentials of the points, and marking the positions of the measuring points, the numbers of the measuring points and the positions of the measuring points relative to the circle center on the circumference to obtain a common-frequency potential anisotropy map, as shown in FIG. 2 (B); judging the anisotropy of the geological structure with the corresponding depth by analyzing the change of the potential magnitude; the integrity of the stratum rock is judged according to the level of each potential (or potential difference), namely the rock is more complete when the potential (or potential difference) is higher, and the rock is more broken.
As can be seen from fig. 2 (B), the potential value in the northeast direction is large, and the potential value in the northwest direction is small; the fact that the rock in the northeast direction is relatively complete and the rock in the northwest direction is relatively broken is demonstrated;
when the potential values in all directions are not changed greatly and are relatively large, the depth rock is relatively complete; when the potential values in all directions are not changed greatly and relatively small, the deep rock is totally broken; thereby judging the anisotropy of the deep rock.
And drawing the potentials with different frequencies from high frequency to low frequency on a graph to obtain potential anisotropy graphs with different frequencies, wherein the potential anisotropy graphs reflect the anisotropies of geological structures with different depths.
The following estimation method is adopted for the estimation of the depths of different frequencies:
theoretical skin depth: δ =503 (ρ/f)1/2
Bostic inversion depth: d =356 (ρ/f)1/2
Wherein, the Bostecke inversion depth D judges that the actual detection depth is more reasonable, wherein rho is resistivity and can be obtained by physical property measurement, logging data or experience; f is the measurement frequency.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
setting a circle in the test area, arranging m pairs of electrodes, n respectively, on the same circle1And n1'，n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' forming m groups of electrode pairs, wherein m is more than or equal to 4; n is1And n1'、n2And n2'、n3And n3'、n4And n4'……nmAnd nm' on the same diameter, respectively; the potential difference between each electrode pair arranged on the circumference is not less than 0.1 mv;
(2) potential difference test
Potential observation is carried out on the electrode groups at the same time and at the same frequency, and the potential difference between the measurement electrode groups is Vn1-n1'、Vn2-n2'、Vn3-n3'、Vn4-n4'……Vnm-nm'；
(3) Processing and analysis of test data
Drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph by using drawing software according to the acquired data measured in the step (2), and analyzing the geological anisotropy according to the drawn graph to obtain the anisotropies of geologies with different depths.
2. An annular detection method for geological anisotropy at different depths is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) designing an observation point:
setting a circle in the test area, and arranging m electrodes, n respectively, on the same circle1、n2、n3、n4……nmWhile a common reference electrode n is provided0Wherein m is more than or equal to 8; electrodes n arranged circumferentiallymAnd n0The potential difference between the common reference electrode and the common reference electrode is not less than 0.1mv0The distance to the circle center of the circumference is not less than 5 times of the diameter of the circumference;
(2) potential testing
The electrodes are subjected to potential observation at the same frequency at the same time, and the electrode n at the measuring point is observedmWith a common reference electrode n0The potential difference between the two is regarded as each measuring point nmPotential Vn ofm；
(3) Processing and analysis of test data
And (3) drawing a same-frequency electrical anisotropy graph through drawing software for data acquisition measured in the step (2), and analyzing the geological anisotropy according to the drawn graph to obtain geological anisotropy results at different depths.
3. The annular detection method of different depth geological anisotropy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frequency in step (2) is in the range of 0.01-10000 Hz.
4. The annular detection method of different depth geological anisotropy according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drawing method of the same-frequency electrical anisotropy map in the step (3) is as follows: drawing potential differences or potentials of the points with the same observation point and the same frequency on radius positions in a circumferential region in proportion, and connecting the points to obtain a common-frequency electrical anisotropy diagram; and judging and analyzing according to the common-frequency electrical anisotropy diagram to obtain a result of geological anisotropy.
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| CN1378652A (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2002-11-06 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | Remote reservoir resistivity mapping |
| EP1522850A2 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-13 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Method and procedure for the determination of the resistance anisotropy in samples of layered rock |
| CN201478469U (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-05-19 | 华东电力试验研究院有限公司 | DC grounding electrode |
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Application publication date: 20200114 |