CN103995301A - Method and device for evaluating total organic carbon content in shale gas reservoir - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating total organic carbon content in shale gas reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN103995301A CN103995301A CN201410190409.4A CN201410190409A CN103995301A CN 103995301 A CN103995301 A CN 103995301A CN 201410190409 A CN201410190409 A CN 201410190409A CN 103995301 A CN103995301 A CN 103995301A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and device for evaluating a total organic carbon content in a shale gas reservoir. The method includes the following steps: acquiring earthquake data of a target area and electromagnetic data of the target area; making the electromagnetic data of the target area undergo a time domain processing method and a frequency domain processing method; processing the earthquake data of the target area to obtain the burial depth and thickness of the shale gas reservoir and the distribution range of the shale gas reservoir in the target area; using the burial depth, thickness and distribution range of the shale gas reservoir as constraint conditions to carry out restraint inversion on a complex resistivity of the target area, obtained through a time domain processing method so that a distribution change regularity of the complex resistivity of the shale gas reservoir is obtained; according to a relation of the distribution change regularity of the complex resistivity of the shale gas reservoir and the frequency domain complex resistivity of the target area, obtained through the frequency domain processing method, carrying out inversion so as to obtain a distribution change regularity of the polarizability of the shale gas reservoir; and according to the distribution change regularity of the complex resistivity of the shale gas reservoir and the distribution change regularity of the polarizability of the shale gas reservoir, determining areas, which are high in total organic carbon content, in the shale gas reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical survey data processing field, method and device that particularly in a kind of comprehensive evaluation shale gas reservoir, total content of organic carbon or abundance of organic matter distribute.
Background technology
In shale gas work of exploration and development, the direct detecting method that in shale formation, total content of organic carbon or abundance of organic matter distribute comes into one's own always.At present, conventional Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology goes identification and evaluates total content of organic carbon or the distribution of abundance of organic matter in shale formation.Though seismic exploration technique has higher vertical resolution and can cover large-area exploration context, because wave impedance and other sensitive earthquake attribute difference of the shale of high total content of organic carbon/high organic abundance and the shale of low total content of organic carbon/low abundance of organic matter are not obvious.So this method is not high to definite accuracy of the distribution of total content of organic carbon in shale formation or abundance of organic matter, thereby the probing success ratio of vertical and horizontal well is not also significantly improved.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of method and device of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir, adopt complex resistivity and effect of induced polarization abnormal information in high precision electromagnetism and earthquake joint exploration Technical Integration Studies shale gas reservoir, thereby can evaluate exactly the distribution of total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir or abundance of organic matter.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir, comprising:
Gather target area geological data, meanwhile, gather target area electromagnetic data;
Described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the time domain complex resistivity of target area by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
By target area geological data being processed to buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area that obtains shale reservoir;
Using buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the time domain complex resistivity of described target area is carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
According to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, carry out inverting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, delineation target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, polarizability abnormal area in delineation target area shale reservoir;
The superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and polarizability abnormal area is defined as to total content of organic carbon region in shale gas reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described by the step of buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of target area geological data processing acquisition shale reservoir is comprised:
Described target area geological data is carried out to pre-service;
Pretreated target area geological data is carried out to prestack static corrections processing;
The geological data that prestack is proofreaied and correct after processing carries out prestack time and depth shift processing;
Geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing is carried out to High-resolution Processing;
In geological data from High-resolution Processing, extract buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step that described geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed carries out High-resolution Processing comprises:
The seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of use based on statistical adaptive signal theory or have the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution of fidelity, the geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed carries out High-resolution Processing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of described acquisition shale reservoir complex resistivity changes in distribution rule comprises:
The target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pass of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area is:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described target area geological data is three-dimensional wide-azimuth/Omnibearing earthquake auto data.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of device of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir, comprising:
Data acquisition unit, for gathering target area geological data, meanwhile, gathers target area electromagnetic data;
Data processing unit, for obtaining target area complex resistivity to described target area electromagnetic data by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
Geologic structure interpretation unit, processes to target area geological data buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area that obtains shale reservoir for passing through;
The first inverting unit, for usining buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is carried out to electromagnetism-earthquake and retrain inverting or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
The second inverting unit, for carrying out inverting according to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, obtains the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
Delineation unit, for according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, draws a circle to approve target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, polarizability abnormal area in delineation target area shale reservoir;
Evaluation unit, for being defined as shale gas reservoir total content of organic carbon region by the superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and polarizability abnormal area.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described geologic structure interpretation unit comprises:
Pretreatment module, for carrying out pre-service to described target area geological data;
Prestack static correction module, for carrying out prestack static corrections processing to pretreated target area geological data;
Prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing module, carry out prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing for the geological data of prestack being proofreaied and correct after processing;
High-resolution Processing module, carries out High-resolution Processing for the geological data to after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing;
Shale reservoir geology constructing module, extracts buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir for the geological data from High-resolution Processing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution that described High-resolution Processing module is further used for using the seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory or has fidelity, carries out High-resolution Processing to the geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the target area complex resistivity that described the first inverting unit is further used for obtaining by time domain processing mode carries out electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtains the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity that described the second inverting unit is used and the pass of the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area are:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the target area geological data of described data acquisition unit collection is three-dimensional wide-azimuth/Omnibearing earthquake auto data.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect:
Adopt complex resistivity and polarizability abnormal information in high precision electromagnetism and earthquake joint exploration Technical Integration Studies shale reservoir, data in conjunction with log analysis and rock core mensuration, can evaluate exactly the Regional Distributing Regularity of high total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir or high organic abundance layer, for the extensive exploration and development of shale gas and the design of horizontal well track provide important geological information and foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2 is a kind of device block diagram of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir that the present invention proposes;
Geologic structure interpretation unit block diagram in Fig. 3 is that the present invention proposes a kind of device of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of total content of organic carbon in the evaluation shale gas reservoir of the present embodiment;
Fig. 5 a is that geological data carries out the front stacked profile map of prestack static corrections processing;
Fig. 5 b is that geological data carries out stacked profile map after prestack static corrections processing;
Fig. 6 is that the geological data after prestack is proofreaied and correct carries out three-dimensional pre-stack time migration result figure;
Fig. 7 a is that the geological data after three-dimensional pre-stack time migration is processed carries out the diagrammatic cross-section before High-resolution Processing;
Fig. 7 b is that the geological data after three-dimensional pre-stack time migration is processed carries out the diagrammatic cross-section after High-resolution Processing;
Fig. 8 is three-dimensional artificial source's time-frequency electromagnetic sounding method field data collection mode schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion complex resistivity sectional drawing in the present embodiment;
Figure 10 is the changes in distribution rule schematic diagram that retrains the polarizability that inverting obtains in the present embodiment;
Figure 11 is complex resistivity and the abnormal overlapping schematic diagram of polarizability in the present embodiment.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Total content of organic carbon (TOC) is one of important parameter of shale evaluating reservoir.Geologic sedimentation theoretical research shows, the Fundamentals of controlling pyrite formation in the marine sediments under deep-water depositional environments are organic content, and in this environment, organic carbon and pyrite exist certain correlativity.By the test of complex resistivity laboratory and analysis to rock sample in southern shale gas exploratory area, result shows that the rock sample of high TOC contains more pyrite microparticle, and the high polarization when wideband complex resistivity parameter recording shows as low frequency is abnormal.By comparing with the result of Logging data analysis, proof rock sample test result and log analysis result have good consistance, and having summed up the off-note that high total content of organic carbon shale reservoir has the abnormal and high polarization of complex resistivity, the superimposed identical district of complex resistivity abnormal area and high polarization abnormal area is defined as high total content of organic carbon region in shale gas reservoir.It is a brand-new thinking that the application electromagnetic exploration method proposing according to result of study carries out shale evaluating reservoir, has the value of further investigation and application.
In geophysical exploration method, the induced polarization method in electromagnetic method (being also referred to as complex resistivity method) is to respond by the electromagnetic field at the artificial current field source excitation of ground observation, obtains complex resistivity in stratum and the distribution situation of polarizability parameter.The conclusion drawing according to above-mentioned laboratory measurement data, complex resistivity and the polarizability that can utilize induced polarization method exploration to obtain shale gas objective interval distribute, and then evaluate pyrite content and the total content of organic carbon of shale gas objective interval.Shale interval under deep-water depositional environments may be just the favourable interval (high total content of organic carbon (TOC) interval) that shale gas is explored if having the abnormal and high polarization of relative complex resistivity.The exploration that induced polarization method (complex resistivity method) is shale gas provides a brand-new exploration and evaluation method.
The test of complex resistivity laboratory and analysis result according to rich organic shale sample, can obtain following understanding:
(1) under deep-water depositional environments, the Fundamentals of controlling pyrite formation in marine sediments are organic content, and in this environment, organic carbon and pyrite exist good correlativity.The result of numerous shale core sample test analysis is supported this viewpoint.
(2) in rich organic shale sample, the existence of pyrite particle makes the complex resistivity of rock have very strong Dispersion, shows as the abnormal of polarizability parameter.Shale sample physical property measurement result shows that high total content of organic carbon (TOC) interval in Marine Sedimentary Rock in South China shale bed has the physical property characteristics such as high complex resistivity, high polarization, low-density, low magnetic susceptibility.
(3) utilize the data of the exploration such as the surface em that intensifies polarization method or time-frequency electromagnetic method, can extract the distributed intelligence of complex resistivity and polarizability in shale gas zone of interest.Utilize these information, in conjunction with the integrated use of the data such as earthquake and well logging, can evaluate the organic carbon content of shale reservoir, for shale gas exploration provides strong technical support and a kind of brand-new exploration and evaluation method.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the present invention proposes a kind of method of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir.As shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Step 101): gather the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data, meanwhile, gather target area two dimension or 3 D electromagnetic data;
Step 102): described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to target area complex resistivity by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
Step 103): by buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area to the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data processing acquisition shale reservoir;
Step 104): using buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is retrained to electromagnetism-seismic inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
Step 105): according to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, retrain inverting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
Step 106): according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, delineation target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, delineation target area shale reservoir medium-high polarization rate abnormal area;
Step 107): the superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and the high abnormal area of high polarization is defined as to high total content of organic carbon region in shale gas reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, described by the step of buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data processing acquisition shale reservoir is comprised:
The three-dimensional wide-azimuth in described target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data are carried out to pre-service;
The three-dimensional wide-azimuth in pretreated target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data are carried out to prestack static corrections processing;
Three-dimensional wide-azimuth or Omnibearing earthquake auto data that prestack is proofreaied and correct after processing are carried out prestack time and depth shift processing;
Three-dimensional wide-azimuth or Omnibearing earthquake auto data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing are carried out to High-resolution Processing;
Buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of the three-dimensional wide-azimuth from High-resolution Processing or Omnibearing earthquake auto extracting data shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step that described three-dimensional wide-azimuth after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed or Omnibearing earthquake auto data are carried out High-resolution Processing comprises:
The seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of use based on statistical adaptive signal theory or have the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution of fidelity, three-dimensional wide-azimuth or Omnibearing earthquake auto data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed are carried out High-resolution Processing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the step of described acquisition shale reservoir complex resistivity changes in distribution rule comprises:
The target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pass of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area is:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]zero-frequency resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.With this model, the complex resistivity measurement data of actual measurement is carried out to matching, the polarizability, time constant and the frequency correlation coefficient that can inverting obtain the polarization medium (shale) of rock sample in formula, can evaluate the character of the medium that polarizes in shale reservoir by time constant size.Through checking, the induced polarization parameter of this model inversion and the complex resistivity matching of actual measurement are better.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of device block diagram of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir proposing for the present invention.Comprise:
Data acquisition unit 201, for gathering the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data, meanwhile, gathers target area electromagnetic data;
Data processing unit 202, for obtaining target area complex resistivity to described target area electromagnetic data by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
Geologic structure interpretation unit 203, for passing through buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area to the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data processing acquisition shale reservoir;
The first inverting unit 204, for usining buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is retrained to inverting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
The second inverting unit 205, for retraining inverting according to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, obtains the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
Delineation unit 206, for according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, draws a circle to approve target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, delineation target area shale reservoir medium-high polarization rate abnormal area;
Evaluation unit 207, for being defined as the superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and the high abnormal area of polarizability in the high total content of organic carbon of shale gas reservoir region.
As shown in Figure 3, geologic structure interpretation unit block diagram in a kind of device of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir proposing for the present invention.Described geologic structure interpretation unit 203 comprises:
Pretreatment module 2031, for carrying out pre-service to the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in described target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data;
Prestack static correction module 2032, for carrying out prestack static corrections processing to the three-dimensional wide-azimuth in pretreated target area or Omnibearing earthquake auto data;
Prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing module 2033, carry out prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing for three-dimensional wide-azimuth or the Omnibearing earthquake auto data of prestack being proofreaied and correct after processing;
High-resolution Processing module 2034, for carrying out High-resolution Processing to three-dimensional wide-azimuth or Omnibearing earthquake auto data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing;
Shale reservoir geology constructing module 2035, for buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of the three-dimensional wide-azimuth from High-resolution Processing or Omnibearing earthquake auto extracting data shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution that described High-resolution Processing module 2034 is further used for using the seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory or has fidelity, carries out High-resolution Processing to three-dimensional wide-azimuth or Omnibearing earthquake auto data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the target area complex resistivity that described the first inverting unit 204 is further used for obtaining by time domain processing mode carries out electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtains the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity that described the second inverting unit 205 is used and the pass of the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area are:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.With this model, the multiple complex resistivity measurement data of actual measurement is carried out to matching, the polarizability, time constant and the frequency correlation coefficient that can inverting obtain the polarization medium (shale) of rock sample in formula, can evaluate the character of the medium that polarizes in shale reservoir by time constant size.Through checking, the induced polarization parameter of this model inversion and the complex resistivity matching of actual measurement are better.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the target area geological data that described data acquisition unit 201 gathers is three-dimensional wide-azimuth/Omnibearing earthquake auto data.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 4, be the process flow diagram of total content of organic carbon in the evaluation shale gas reservoir of the present embodiment.Mainly by following concrete steps, formed:
Step 1): measuring work area or the comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data of exploratory area collection;
Step 2): the comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data gathering is carried out to conventional pre-service;
Step 3): static corrections processing before pretreated comprehensive or wide-azimuth 3D seismic data is changed;
As shown in Figure 5 a, for geological data carries out stacked profile map before prestack static corrections processing.As shown in Figure 5 b, for geological data carries out stacked profile map after prestack static corrections processing.Result contrast is found before and after prestack static corrections processing: do not do that the reflecting interface that the geological data of static correction shows is broken, mixed and disorderly, noise jamming is large, discontinuous.The reflecting interface quality of doing the geological data demonstration of static correction obviously improves, and noise is pressed, and stacked section is more clear continuously.By the data by better static corrections processing, carry out migration processing subsequently, could obtain the reliable migration imaging data of quality better result.
Step 4): comprehensive or the three-dimensional repeatedly front geological data of wide-azimuth are carried out to three-dimensional prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing;
As shown in Figure 6, for the geological data after prestack correction carries out three-dimensional pre-stack time migration result figure.This figure is the two-dimensional migration section extracting from three-dimensional pre-stack time migration data volume.From figure, can clearly identify the reflecting interface of section middle part shale reservoir and the distributed fault of both sides, these offset datas can be used for determining in survey district relatively stable not by the shale distributed areas of later stage tectonic movement large-scale damage.
Step 5): use the seismic trace high resolution processing method and the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution with fidelity of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory, the data after comprehensive or the three-dimensional prestack of wide-azimuth time and depth shift processing is carried out to High-resolution Processing;
Described reflective information method of estimation is based on statistical signal self-adaptive processing, use nonparametric spectral analysis method and the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution with fidelity, in keeping to greatest extent original seismic data information and not losing original data, under the prerequisite of small geological information, obtain high-resolution complex seismic trace collection.
Described reflective information method of estimation is based on statistical signal self-adaptive processing nonparametric spectrum analysis theory, by simulating the statistical nature of relative interference, adaptively the reflection amplitudes of different time position is stablized exactly and estimated, thereby improve section resolution, widen frequency band, can keep to greatest extent original seismic data information and not lose small geological information in original data, obtain the high-resolution complex seismic trace collection of fidelity.
As shown in Figure 7a, for the geological data after three-dimensional pre-stack time migration processing carries out the diagrammatic cross-section before High-resolution Processing.As shown in Figure 7b, for the geological data after three-dimensional pre-stack time migration processing carries out the diagrammatic cross-section after High-resolution Processing.Result contrast is found before and after High-resolution Processing: reflecting interface longitudinal frame after High-resolution Processing obviously improves, and portraying of stratum is more meticulous, for the accurate tectonic structure in later stage and thin layer, explains reliable data are provided.
Step 6): the tectonic structure that utilizes high-resolution three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration data interpretation exploratory area;
Step 7): emphasis carries out the fine geology structure elucidation of shale reservoir in target exploratory area;
Step 8): from fine geology structure elucidation result, extract accurate buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in measuring work area or exploratory area of shale reservoir, these data are using the constraint condition when time-frequency electromagnetic data being carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion;
Step 9): adopt two dimension or three-dimensional artificial source's time-frequency electromagnetic sounding method, two dimension or the two-dimentional or three-dimensional spectral excitation polarization method of three-dimensional time territory induced polarization method to carry out electromagnetic data collection to target area;
As shown in Figure 8, be three-dimensional artificial source's time-frequency electromagnetic sounding method field data collection mode schematic diagram.In Fig. 8, time-frequency electromagnetic method field construction adopts axial dipole device, divides and transmits and receives two parts composition.Be emitted as long lead electric current dipole source (AB), general several kilometers to ten kilometers of length.Transmitting terminal forms horizontal finite length ground connection line source by many copper conductors in parallel, adopts high-power transmitter to press different frequency to a series of rectangular-shaped pulse currents of underground transmission, and excitation waveform is generally the positive and negative square wave of dutycycle 1:1.The highest frequency that transmits can reach for 256Hz, and low-limit frequency is 256 seconds.From low frequency to high frequency continuous agitation, low-frequency range and high band all can repeatedly repeat to excite.Electric current dipole source is certain lays surface em receiving station at a distance departing from, and offset distance is generally several kilometers to tens kilometers, and receiving station receives the electric field (E that is parallel to AB with electrode
x) signal, with vertical magnet, receive magnetic field (H
z=dB
z/ dt) signal, the distance between receiving station and station is generally 50m～200m.Receiving end is measured electric component E by ground wire MN
x, by high sensitivity bar magnet, measure magnetic induction component (H
z=dB
z/ dt).
The method has following features:
(1) use high-power artificial field source signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) high, without static displacement impact, longitudinal frame is high;
(2) measure electric field component and magnetic-field component simultaneously, when having made up some method and only having observed magnetic-field component to the low defect of high resistant thin layer resolution;
(3) can study a plurality of electrical parameters such as complex resistivity, longitudinal conductance rate, polarizability simultaneously.
Step 10): the two dimension gathering or three-dimensional artificial source's time-frequency electromagnetic sounding data are carried out respectively to time domain and frequency field processing.Time domain is processed: to low-frequency square-wave, adopt time domain processing method to obtain whole district's complex resistivity; Frequency field is processed: all tracer signals are carried out to Fourier analysis, obtain frequency field complex resistivity;
Wherein, the complex resistivity here comprises complex resistivity amplitude and complex resistivity phase place, and complex resistivity inverting is to use amplitude and the complex resistivity phase value of complex resistivity to carry out inverting simultaneously.
Step 11): the constraint condition of obtaining with step 8 is carried out electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain two dimension or the changes in distribution rule of three-dimensional complex resistivity in shale reservoir, i.e. complex resistivity section;
As shown in Figure 9, be electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion complex resistivity sectional drawing in the present embodiment.This figure builds a geologic model according to the accurate buried depth of the upper underlying formation extracting in fine geology structure elucidation result and shale reservoir, thickness and the distribution range in measuring work area or exploratory area, buried depth and the thickness of in constraint, fixing the geologic model that all stratum form in refutation process are constant, complex resistivity value in each stratum of inverting, its result is exactly the complex resistivity sectional drawing that electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion of showing of Fig. 9 obtains.
Step 12): according to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, retrain inverting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability.
As shown in figure 10, for retraining the changes in distribution rule schematic diagram of the polarizability that inverting obtains in the present embodiment.This figure is the MODELING FOR COMPLEX RESISTIVITY MODEL that passing through of showing according to Fig. 9 complex resistivity sectional drawing that electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion obtains builds, in constraint refutation process, the fixing MODELING FOR COMPLEX RESISTIVITY MODEL consisting of all stratum is constant, polarizability value in each stratum of inverting, its result be exactly Figure 10 show with complex resistivity profile constraints inverting polarizability sectional drawing.
Polarizability inversion step is as follows: the Cole-Cole model of introducing reflection effect of induced polarization is described the multifrequency characteristic of actual complex resistivity:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.With this model, the complex resistivity measurement data of actual measurement is carried out to matching, the polarizability, time constant and the frequency correlation coefficient that can inverting obtain the polarization medium (shale) of rock sample in formula, can evaluate the character of the medium that polarizes in shale reservoir by time constant size.Through checking, the induced polarization parameter of this model inversion and the complex resistivity matching of actual measurement are better.
Step 13): according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, delineation target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, the high abnormal area of polarizability in delineation target area shale reservoir.The superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and the high abnormal area of polarizability is defined as to high total content of organic carbon region in shale gas reservoir.
As shown in figure 11, be complex resistivity in the present embodiment and the abnormal overlapping schematic diagram of polarizability.This figure merges the data of the result of step 11 and step 12 result with Overlapping display, finds out complex resistivity extremely and the abnormal overlapping region of high polarization, thus the high total content of organic carbon region in delineation shale reservoir.
The present embodiment adopts high precision electromagnetism and earthquake joint exploration technology, use accurate buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in measuring work area or exploratory area of the shale reservoir obtaining from three-dimension high-resolution seismic data as constraint condition, constraint inverting or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion two dimension or the changes in distribution rule of three-dimensional complex resistivity in shale reservoir; Then above adopting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir and retrain two dimension or the changes in distribution rule of 3-d inversion acquisition polarizability in shale reservoir, complex resistivity and polarization effect abnormal information in synthetic study shale reservoir, according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, delineation target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, the high abnormal area of polarizability in delineation target area shale reservoir.The superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and the high abnormal area of polarizability is defined as to high total content of organic carbon or high organic abundance floor or the region in shale reservoir.So just can evaluate exactly the rule of high total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir or high organic abundance layer or areal distribution, for the extensive exploration and development of shale gas and the design of horizontal well track provide important geological information and foundation.
Finally it should be noted that: above-mentioned only in order to the present invention to be described and unrestricted technical scheme described in the invention; Although this instructions has been described in detail to the present invention, but, those skilled in the art still can modify or be equal to replacement the present invention, and all do not depart from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it all should be encompassed in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a method of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir, is characterized in that, comprising:
Gather target area geological data, meanwhile, gather target area electromagnetic data;
Described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the time domain complex resistivity of target area by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
By target area geological data being processed to buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area that obtains shale reservoir;
Using buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the time domain complex resistivity of described target area is carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
According to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, carry out inverting, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, delineation target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, polarizability abnormal area in delineation target area shale reservoir;
The superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and polarizability abnormal area is defined as to total content of organic carbon region in shale gas reservoir.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described by the step of buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of target area geological data processing acquisition shale reservoir is comprised:
Described target area geological data is carried out to pre-service;
Pretreated target area geological data is carried out to prestack static corrections processing;
The geological data that prestack is proofreaied and correct after processing carries out prestack time and depth shift processing;
Geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing is carried out to High-resolution Processing;
In geological data from High-resolution Processing, extract buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the step that described geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed carries out High-resolution Processing comprises:
The seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum of use based on statistical adaptive signal theory or have the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution of fidelity, the geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration are processed carries out High-resolution Processing.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the step of described acquisition shale reservoir complex resistivity changes in distribution rule comprises:
The target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is carried out to electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the pass of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area is:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.
6. the method as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 1～3, is characterized in that, described target area geological data is three-dimensional wide-azimuth/Omnibearing earthquake auto data.
7. a device of evaluating total content of organic carbon in shale gas reservoir, is characterized in that, comprising:
Data acquisition unit, for gathering target area geological data, meanwhile, gathers target area electromagnetic data;
Data processing unit, for obtaining target area complex resistivity to described target area electromagnetic data by time domain processing mode; Meanwhile, described target area electromagnetic data is obtained to the frequency field complex resistivity of target area by frequency field processing mode;
Geologic structure interpretation unit, processes to target area geological data buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area that obtains shale reservoir for passing through;
The first inverting unit, for usining buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir as constraint condition, the target area complex resistivity obtaining by time domain processing mode is carried out to electromagnetism-earthquake and retrain inverting or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtain the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity;
The second inverting unit, for carrying out inverting according to the relation of the frequency field complex resistivity of the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity and described target area, obtains the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir polarizability;
Delineation unit, for according to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir complex resistivity, draws a circle to approve target area shale reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area; According to the changes in distribution rule of described shale reservoir polarizability, polarizability abnormal area in delineation target area shale reservoir;
Evaluation unit, for being defined as shale gas reservoir total content of organic carbon region by the superimposed identical district of shale gas reservoir complex resistivity abnormal area and polarizability abnormal area.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described geologic structure interpretation unit comprises:
Pretreatment module, for carrying out pre-service to described target area geological data;
Prestack static correction module, for carrying out prestack static corrections processing to pretreated target area geological data;
Prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing module, carry out prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing for the geological data of prestack being proofreaied and correct after processing;
High-resolution Processing module, carries out High-resolution Processing for the geological data to after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing;
Shale reservoir geology constructing module, extracts buried depth, thickness and the distribution range in target area of shale reservoir for the geological data from High-resolution Processing.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the underground reflective information method of estimation of high-resolution that described High-resolution Processing module is further used for using the seismic trace high resolution processing method of the imparametrization analysis of spectrum based on statistical adaptive signal theory or has fidelity, carries out High-resolution Processing to the geological data after prestack time and pre-stack depth migration processing.
10. install as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, the target area complex resistivity that described the first inverting unit is further used for obtaining by time domain processing mode carries out electromagnetism-seismic constraint inversion or electromagnetism-earthquake joint inversion, obtains the changes in distribution rule of complex resistivity in shale reservoir.
11. install as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, the changes in distribution rule of shale reservoir complex resistivity that described the second inverting unit is used and the pass of the frequency field complex resistivity of described target area are:
ρ
[s](iw)＝ρ
[0]{1-η[1-1/(1+(iwτ)
[c])]}
In formula, η, τ and c are respectively polarizability, time constant and frequency correlation coefficient, ρ
[0]complex resistivity during for the earth non-polarized, w is angular frequency, ρ
[s](iw) be the frequency field complex resistivity of target area.
Device as described in 12. claims as arbitrary in claim 7～9, is characterized in that, the target area geological data of described data acquisition unit collection is three-dimensional wide-azimuth/Omnibearing earthquake auto data.
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