CN110683869A - Special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for facility-cultivated eggplants and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for facility-cultivated eggplants and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant facility cultivation and a preparation method thereof, wherein a formaldehyde solution and water are mixed, the obtained mixed solution is heated to 40-70 ℃, then urea is added, after the urea is rapidly stirred and dissolved, an amine substance is added, the temperature is slowly raised to 65-95 ℃, the reaction is carried out for 1-3 h, after the reaction is finished, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and the pH value of a solution system is adjusted to 6-7, so that the special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer is obtained. The method can be completed by using general synthesis equipment, is simple and is convenient to popularize; the prepared slow-release compound fertilizer not only has quick effect, but also has slow effect, can reduce the fertilizing times, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and has wide application prospect. The product is clear and transparent, does not need to add auxiliary agents such as suspending agents and the like, does not precipitate after being stored for a long time, is beneficial to market popularization and application, and is particularly applied to water-fertilizer integrated facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant facility cultivation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nitrogen is an important mineral element for high yield of agriculture, and nitrogen fertilizer is an important source of nitrogen and is an important guarantee for improving crop yield. However, nitrogen fertilizer utilization is generally low worldwide. The low utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is caused by various reasons, such as incorrect fertilizing method, surface runoff, leaching, volatilization and the like; these in turn lead to a number of environmental problems such as water eutrophication, ground water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer has great advantages in improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and the economic and environmental protection performance.
As a non-renewable resource, water is an important factor affecting the development of national economy. However, the scarcity of water resources is a serious problem to be faced. Particularly, the problem of water resources is more and more prominent in agricultural production, the development of water-saving agriculture is the development trend of agriculture, and along with the popularization of water-fertilizer integrated facilities, the improvement of the process and the transformation of concept in China, the water-soluble fertilizer can play a great role in the fields of agricultural cost reduction and efficiency improvement and water saving and environmental protection, and the market space is huge. The water-soluble fertilizer can be applied to spraying, sprinkling irrigation and drip irrigation, so that water and fertilizer integration is realized, and water, fertilizer and labor are saved; the fertilizer has obvious advantages in the aspects of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, saving agricultural water, reducing ecological environment pollution, improving crop quality, reducing labor force and the like, and is an important direction for the development of the fertilizer in the future.
Although water-soluble fertilizers in China develop rapidly, some problems exist in the aspects of production technology, fertilizer application and the like, and the water-soluble fertilizers are far behind developed countries. Most factories adopt a simple mixing production mode, the production process is backward, and the product quality is poor. Many enterprises simply mix raw material fertilizers such as urea, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate and the like, a production workshop has no moisture absorption equipment, an anti-caking technology is not over-closed, and the produced fertilizer often has the phenomena of deliquescence, hardening, poor water solubility and the like, so that the production and the sale of the water-soluble fertilizer are seriously influenced. Some enterprises emphasize nutrient content and do not pay attention to nutrient form, efficacy, auxiliary agents and scientific configuration of organic nutrients, so that the utilization rate of active ingredients of the product is not high despite water solubility. The nitrogenous fertilizer selected by most enterprises is generally quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer and does not have slow-release effect, so frequent irrigation and fertilization (generally once a week) are needed, the fertilization cost is correspondingly increased, and the popularization and application of water and fertilizer integration are restricted. Therefore, the research on the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer which has the anti-caking function and the nutrient slow-release performance has wide market and application prospect.
However, most of the slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers are slightly soluble in water (urea formaldehyde) and insoluble in water (resin coated urea), and are not suitable for drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation. Therefore, the development of efficient and environment-friendly water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizers has become an important research direction under new potentials. Meanwhile, with the change of agricultural production patterns, the water-soluble fertilizer industry which is rapidly developed and has wide development prospect also meets new development opportunities.
In recent years, urea-formaldehyde-based liquid fertilizers containing triazinone structures have been proved to provide slow-release nitrogen, and the urea-formaldehyde-based liquid fertilizers prepared through organic synthesis reaction can be slowly decomposed into inorganic nitrogen by microorganisms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a liquid fertilizer with quick and slow effects aiming at the defects of the prior art so as to reduce the price of the fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for facility-cultivated eggplants comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing a formaldehyde solution with water, and heating the obtained mixed solution to 40-70 ℃;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), rapidly stirring and dissolving, adding an amine substance, slowly heating to 65-95 ℃, and reacting for 1-3 hours;
(3) and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value of the solution system to 6-7 to obtain the catalyst.
Specifically, in the step (1), the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 30-50 wt%, and the mixing mass ratio of the formaldehyde solution to water is 3-4: 1.
In the step (2), the molar ratio of the added urea to the formaldehyde in the formaldehyde solution is 0.5-1.5: 1.
In the step (2), the amine substance is one or a mixture of more than two of methylamine, cyclopentylamine, ammonia water and triethanolamine; the molar ratio of the urea to the amine substances is 0.5-3: 1.
Further, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate is adopted in the reaction process in the step (2) to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5-8.5.
Furthermore, a catalyst can be added in the reaction process in the step (2) for catalytic reaction, wherein the catalyst is any one of ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium borate, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.5% of the total amount of the raw materials.
In the step (3), phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is adopted for adjusting the pH value of the solution system.
The water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for the eggplant cultivated in the greenhouse, which is prepared by the method, also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
Has the advantages that:
the method can be completed by using general synthesis equipment, is simple and is convenient to popularize; the prepared slow-release compound fertilizer not only has quick effect, but also has slow effect, can reduce the fertilizing times, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and has wide application prospect. The product is clear and transparent, does not need to add auxiliary agents such as suspending agents and the like, does not precipitate after being stored for a long time, is beneficial to market popularization and application, and is particularly applied to water-fertilizer integrated facilities.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the preparation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrogram of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is the nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the nitrogen conversion rate of water-soluble controlled-release compound fertilizer A prepared in example 1 in soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1:
the process of FIG. 1 is adopted to prepare the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for the eggplant cultivated by the facility: 108.11g of 37 percent formaldehyde solution and 30g of water are added into a reaction kettle, the temperature is rapidly raised to 45 ℃, and 100g of urea is added; after the urea is dissolved, adding a mixture of ammonia water and triethanolamine (the weight ratio of the two is 2:1, the total mass is 100g), adjusting the pH to 8 by using a potassium hydroxide solution, and slowly heating to 85 ℃; after reacting for 3 hours, slowly reducing the temperature and evaporating to dry certain water, adjusting the pH of a solution system to 6 by adopting phosphoric acid solution and the like when the temperature reaches about 25 ℃, and packaging and storing in a bottle to obtain the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A. The fertilizer is not precipitated after being placed for 6 months at normal temperature, is applied to a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system, reduces the fertilizing times, saves the fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
The nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A prepared in the example 1 is shown in figure 2; the nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A is shown in figure 3. As corresponding peaks appear at the peak (0-110 ppm) of the aliphatic carbon resonance area and the peak (0-50 ppm) of the alkyl carbon atom resonance area, the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A mainly comprises aliphatic carbon and alkyl carbon, and an aliphatic carbon nitrogen and oxygen substitution signal appears at the 50-110 ppm position of a common alkoxy carbon area, thereby confirming the existence of the nitrogen-oxygen heterocyclic compound.
Example 2:
adding 71.60g of 37% formaldehyde solution and 20g of water into a reaction kettle, quickly heating to 35 ℃, and adding 45.8g of urea; after urea is dissolved, adding a mixture of methylamine water solution and triethanolamine (the weight ratio of the methylamine water solution to the triethanolamine is 3:1, and the total mass is 44g), adjusting the pH value to 8.5 by using sodium hydroxide solution, and slowly heating to 80 ℃; after reacting for 2.5h, slowly reducing the temperature and evaporating to dry certain moisture, adjusting the pH of a solution system to 6 by adopting a hydrochloric acid solution when the temperature reaches about 25 ℃, and packaging and storing in a bottle to obtain the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B. The fertilizer is not precipitated after being placed for 6 months at normal temperature, is applied to a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system, reduces the fertilizing times, saves the fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Example 3:
108.11g of 37 percent formaldehyde solution and 30g of water are added into a reaction kettle, the temperature is rapidly raised to 50 ℃, and 100g of urea is added; after the urea is dissolved, 50.58g of ammonia water is added, and the temperature is slowly raised to 85 ℃; and (2) adjusting the pH value to 8 by using a potassium hydroxide solution, then adding 1.25g of catalyst ammonium chloride, reacting for 1.5h, slowly reducing the temperature, evaporating to dry to obtain a certain amount of water, adjusting the pH value of a solution system to 6.5 by using a phosphoric acid solution when the temperature reaches about 25 ℃, and packaging and storing in a bottle to obtain the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer C. The fertilizer is not precipitated after being placed for 6 months at normal temperature, is applied to a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system, reduces the fertilizing times, saves the fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
Example 4:
the nitrogen release characteristics of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A obtained in example 1 were measured by the following method: diluting a fertilizer stock solution, mixing 10mL of the diluted fertilizer stock solution with 50g of air-dried soil, filling the mixture into a plastic bottle, culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, and periodically sampling; determination of inorganic nitrogen content (NH) of fresh soil sample4 +-N and NO3 --N), fitting a fertilizer nutrient release profile curve after subtracting the no fertilizer control treatment. The nitrogen conversion rate of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer A in the soil is shown in figure 4. At days 7, 34 and 54 of culture, the conversion rate of inorganic nitrogen was 29.87%, 60.04% and 80.68%, respectively, showing good nitrogen-releasing performance.
Example 5:
the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B obtained in example 2 has the following effects on the growth of eggplant cultivated in a facility:
the experiment was set up with 7 treatments, repeated 3 times per treatment. Respectively is (1) CK, no nitrogen fertilizer is applied; (2) FL, ordinary compound fertilizer low-quantity disposable basal application; (3) f, performing primary application on the medium amount of the common compound fertilizer; (4) FH, applying a common compound fertilizer in a high-volume one-time base application manner; (5) SSRL, low-quantity one-time basal application of water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B; (6) SSR, primary basal application of a medium amount of water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B; (7) SSRH, water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B high-volume disposable basal application. The test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse, with both water and nutrient supply being carried out by means of standardized drip irrigation facilities. And performing field management according to a conventional high-yield cultivation mode in the whole growth period of the eggplants. According to field N-P2O5-K2The O fertilizing amount is 225-112.5-225kg/hm2Setting for medium fertilization treatment; wherein, the low amount and the high amount of the fertilizing amount are respectively reduced by 30 percent and increased by 30 percent on the basis of medium amount treatment. Compared with the treatment without fertilization, the treatment applying the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B obviously increasesEggplant yield, which is counted by experiments, has significant difference among treatment groups (table 1). Wherein the SSR treatment yield is increased by 25.4% compared with the F treatment yield, the SSRL treatment yield is increased by 14.1% compared with the FL treatment yield, and the SSRH treatment yield is increased by 7.3% compared with the FH treatment yield, which indicates that the eggplant yield can be increased by applying the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer B.
TABLE 1 eggplant yields from different experimental treatments
Note: the same letter followed by the same column data indicates no significant difference at the 0.05 level.
The invention provides a special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant cultivation in a facility and a preparation method thereof, and a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme are provided. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for facility-cultivated eggplants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing a formaldehyde solution with water, and heating the obtained mixed solution to 40-70 ℃;
(2) adding urea into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), rapidly stirring and dissolving, adding an amine substance, slowly heating to 65-95 ℃, and reacting for 1-3 hours;
(3) and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and adjusting the pH value of the solution system to 6-7 to obtain the catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant to be cultivated by facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 30-50 wt%, and the mixing mass ratio of the formaldehyde solution to water is 3-4: 1.
3. The preparation method of the special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant cultivated by facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the molar ratio of the added amount of the urea to the formaldehyde in the formaldehyde solution is 0.5-1.5: 1.
4. The method for preparing the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for eggplant to be cultivated by facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the amine substance is one or a mixture of more than two of methylamine, cyclopentylamine, ammonia water and triethanolamine; the molar ratio of the urea to the amine substances is 0.5-3: 1.
5. The preparation method of the special water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer for eggplant cultivated by facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate is used to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5-8.5 in the reaction process in the step (2).
6. The preparation method of the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for eggplant cultivated by facility according to claim 1, wherein a catalyst is added in the reaction process in the step (2) for reaction, the catalyst is any one of ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium borate, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.5% of the total amount of the raw materials.
7. The method for preparing the water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for eggplant to be cultivated by facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid solution is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution system.
8. The water-soluble slow-release compound fertilizer special for eggplant cultivated in a facility, which is prepared by any one of the preparation methods in the claims 1-7.
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| CN1736958A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-22 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of slow release long-acting urea and preparation and application |
| US20120322990A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2012-12-20 | Technische Universitaet Dresden | Substrate for Soil Improvement Having a Water-Storing Property, Method for Producing Same, and Use Thereof |
| CN104447132A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-25 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Polyaspartate modified slow-release urea as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105315048A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-10 | 中化山东肥业有限公司 | Process for preparing urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer through diluted solution method |
| CN107353068A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-17 | 惠州彩耘农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of nitrogen organic fertilizer material |
-
2019
- 2019-10-29 CN CN201911035520.5A patent/CN110683869A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1736958A (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-22 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of slow release long-acting urea and preparation and application |
| US20120322990A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2012-12-20 | Technische Universitaet Dresden | Substrate for Soil Improvement Having a Water-Storing Property, Method for Producing Same, and Use Thereof |
| CN105315048A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-02-10 | 中化山东肥业有限公司 | Process for preparing urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer through diluted solution method |
| CN104447132A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-25 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Polyaspartate modified slow-release urea as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107353068A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-11-17 | 惠州彩耘农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of nitrogen organic fertilizer material |
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Application publication date: 20200114 |