CN110682619B - 一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110682619B
CN110682619B CN201910940977.4A CN201910940977A CN110682619B CN 110682619 B CN110682619 B CN 110682619B CN 201910940977 A CN201910940977 A CN 201910940977A CN 110682619 B CN110682619 B CN 110682619B
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phenolic resin
organic
insulation material
hydrogel
inorganic composite
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CN110682619A (zh
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姚栋嘉
吕多军
杨红霞
袁利娟
李静
冯婷
张东生
吴恒
董会娜
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于建筑保温材料领域，公开一种有机‑无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法。采用铺层的方式获得：离型膜→无机粉体填料→低密度空心微球/玻璃纤维网→气凝胶→酚醛树脂溶液/玻璃纤维网→无机粉体填料→离型膜，铺层完成后通过热压一体成型的方法得到所述的复合隔热保温材料。本发明得到的复合隔热保温材料除质轻、隔热性好外，力学性能有所改善，有望在建筑内墙体等保温隔热领域实现大规模的应用。

Description

一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑保温材料领域，具体涉及一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法。
背景技术
建筑物隔热保温是节约能源、改善居住环境和使用功能的一个重要方面，我国建筑节能的核心是对建筑物围护结构和采暖系统进行革新。建筑能耗在人类整个能源消耗中所占比例一般在30-40%，绝大部分是采暖和空调的能耗，故建筑节能意义重大。
当今，全球保温隔热材料正朝着高效、节能、薄层、隔热、防水外护一体化方向发展，目前在我国，岩棉、玻璃棉、膨胀珍珠岩等传统保温材料仍占据主要市场，这些材料尽管价格比较低，但密度大、保温隔热性能差、铺设较厚材料损耗量大、吸湿性高、抗震性能和环保性能较差，使用这些保温材料是无法达到节能标准的。另外石棉和玻璃棉等建筑保温材料本身就带有大量的有害物质，无法满足人类的健康要求。气凝胶毡作为新型隔热保温材料在建筑保温领域得到了极大的关注，但由于其机械强度低、脆性大，在工程上的应用受到很多限制，用其制备的隔热保温板存在强度不高、不能承受较大压力，材料韧性低、易开裂，在较小的负荷下表现出较高的脆性等问题。在使用的过程中，二氧化硅气凝胶会出现颗粒、粉尘脱落的现象，大大降低了板材的使用性能和使用寿命。
目前我国的新建建筑中，95%以上仍然是高能耗建筑，主要还是因为仍使用传统保温材料的缘故。因而想要提高建筑的节能率，就必须提高新型保温隔热材料的产量及其使用。
发明内容
针对传统隔热保温材料存在保温隔热性能差、密度大、吸湿性高、抗震性能和环保性能较差等问题，以及一旦发生失火，极易酿成火灾等问题，急需提高建筑的节能率，本发明的目的旨在提供一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，采用铺层的方式获得：离型膜→无机粉体填料→低密度空心微球/玻璃纤维网→气凝胶→酚醛树脂溶液/玻璃纤维网→无机粉体填料→离型膜，铺层完成后通过热压一体成型的方法得到所述的复合隔热保温材料，具体步骤如下：
（1）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在离型膜的一侧面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（2）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20-40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液；将低密度空心微球分散于酚醛树脂溶液中，低密度空心微球在酚醛树脂溶液中的质量分数为15-20 wt%，并将分散均匀的溶液均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（1）的喷涂面铺设；
（3）、在步骤（2）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上铺设气凝胶毡；
（4）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20-40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液，并将其均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（3）的气凝胶毡铺设；
（5）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在步骤（4）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（6）、在步骤（5）的基础上铺设离型膜；
（7）、热压一体成型，即得所述有机-无机复合隔热保温材料。
较好地，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述无机粉体填料为硅灰石、高岭土、膨润土、滑石、石英砂、碳酸钙颗粒、碳酸钙粉料、硅酸盐颗粒中的一种或多种。
较好地，步骤（1）和（6）中，所述离型膜为PET膜、PI膜、PE膜、PEEK膜或PTFE膜。
较好地，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述水凝胶为丙烯酸及其衍生物类水凝胶。
较好地，所述水凝胶为聚丙烯酸水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸水凝胶、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶或聚N-聚代丙烯酰胺水凝胶。
较好地，步骤（2）中，所述低密度空心微球为可膨胀微球、空心玻璃微球、空心二氧化硅微球中的一种或两种。
较好地，步骤（2）中，低密度空心微球的密度为0.1-0.6 g/cm3。
较好地，步骤（3）中，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
较好地，步骤（7）中，所述热压一体成型的温度为150-170 ℃，压力为0.5-2 Mpa。
有益效果：本发明结合气凝胶与低密度空心微球良好的隔热保温特性，通过一体化成型制备得到建筑保温用复合材料，无机粉体填料的加入能够使保温材料具有良好的阻燃效果，能够实现离火自熄，降低火灾发生的隐患。此外，本发明得到的复合隔热保温材料除质轻、隔热性好外，力学性能有所改善，有望在建筑内墙体等保温隔热领域实现大规模的应用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在离型膜的一侧面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（2）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液；将低密度空心微球分散于酚醛树脂溶液中，低密度空心微球在酚醛树脂溶液中的质量分数为20 wt%，并将分散均匀的溶液均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（1）的喷涂面铺设；
（3）、在步骤（2）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上铺设气凝胶毡；
（4）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液，并将其均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（3）的气凝胶毡铺设；
（5）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在步骤（4）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（6）、在步骤（5）的基础上铺设离型膜；
（7）、热压一体成型，即得所述有机-无机复合隔热保温材料；
其中，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述无机粉体填料为石英砂；步骤（1）和（6）中，所述离型膜为PET膜；步骤（1）和（5）中，所述水凝胶为聚丙烯酸水凝胶；步骤（2）中，所述低密度空心微球为空心玻璃微球，低密度空心微球的密度为0.1-0.6g/cm3；步骤（3）中，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡；步骤（7）中，所述热压一体成型的温度为150 ℃，压力为2 Mpa。
本实施例制备的得到的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的密度为1.24 g/cm3，导热系数为0.028 W/(m·K)，抗冲击强度为8.2 KJ/m2。
实施例2
一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在离型膜的一侧面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（2）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为30 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液；将低密度空心微球分散于酚醛树脂溶液中，低密度空心微球在酚醛树脂溶液中的质量分数为15 wt%，并将分散均匀的溶液均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（1）的喷涂面铺设；
（3）、在步骤（2）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上铺设气凝胶毡；
（4）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为30 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液，并将其均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（3）的气凝胶毡铺设；
（5）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在步骤（4）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（6）、在步骤（5）的基础上铺设离型膜；
（7）、热压一体成型，即得所述有机-无机复合隔热保温材料；
其中，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述无机粉体填料为硅酸盐颗粒；步骤（1）和（6）中，所述离型膜为PI膜；步骤（1）和（5）中，所述水凝胶为聚甲基丙烯酸水凝胶；步骤（2）中，所述低密度空心微球为可膨胀微球 EM406（日本油脂制药株式会社生产），低密度空心微球的密度为0.1-0.6 g/cm3；步骤（3）中，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡；步骤（7）中，所述热压一体成型的温度为160 ℃，压力为1 Mpa。
本实施例制备的得到的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料密度为1.18 g/cm3，导热系数为0.026 W/(m·K)，抗冲击强度为7.6 KJ/m2。
实施例3
一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
（1）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在离型膜的一侧面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（2）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液；将低密度空心微球分散于酚醛树脂溶液中，低密度空心微球在酚醛树脂溶液中的质量分数为18 wt%，并将分散均匀的溶液均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（1）的喷涂面铺设；
（3）、在步骤（2）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上铺设气凝胶毡；
（4）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液，并将其均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（3）的气凝胶毡铺设；
（5）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在步骤（4）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（6）、在步骤（5）的基础上铺设离型膜；
（7）、热压一体成型，即得所述有机-无机复合隔热保温材料；
其中，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述无机粉体填料为碳酸钙粉料和硅酸盐颗粒的混合物，两者的质量分数比为1:1；步骤（1）和（6）中，所述离型膜为PE膜；步骤（1）和（5）中，所述水凝胶为聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶；步骤（2）中，所述低密度空心微球为空心二氧化硅微球，低密度空心微球的密度为0.1-0.6 g/cm3；步骤（3）中，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡；步骤（7）中，所述热压一体成型的温度为150 ℃，时间为0.5 Mpa。
本实施例制备的得到的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料密度为1.23 g/cm3，导热系数为0.031 W/(m·K)，抗冲击强度为7.2 KJ/m2。

Claims (6)

1.一种有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在离型膜的一侧面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（2）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20-40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液；将低密度空心微球分散于酚醛树脂溶液中，低密度空心微球在酚醛树脂溶液中的质量分数为15-20 wt%，并将分散均匀的溶液均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（1）的喷涂面铺设；
（3）、在步骤（2）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上铺设气凝胶毡；
（4）、以液体酚醛树脂为原料，加无水乙醇，配制酚醛树脂质量分数为20-40 wt%的酚醛树脂溶液，并将其均匀涂覆在玻璃纤维网的一侧面上，然后将此玻璃纤维网背离涂覆面的那一面紧贴步骤（3）的气凝胶毡铺设；
（5）、采用粉体静电喷涂设备将无机粉体填料均匀喷涂在步骤（4）的玻璃纤维网的涂覆面上，然后均匀喷洒水凝胶，并晾干；
（6）、在步骤（5）的基础上铺设离型膜；
（7）、热压一体成型，即得所述有机-无机复合隔热保温材料；
其中，步骤（1）和（5）中，所述无机粉体填料为碳酸钙粉料、硅酸盐颗粒中的一种或多种；
步骤（1）和（5）中，所述水凝胶为丙烯酸及其衍生物类水凝胶；
步骤（2）中，低密度空心微球的密度为0.1-0.6 g/cm3。
2.如权利要求1所述的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）和（6）中，所述离型膜为PET膜、PI膜、PE膜、PEEK膜或PTFE膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述水凝胶为聚丙烯酸水凝胶、聚甲基丙烯酸水凝胶、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶或聚N-取代丙烯酰胺水凝胶。
4.如权利要求1所述的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，所述低密度空心微球为可膨胀微球、空心玻璃微球、空心二氧化硅微球中的一种或两种。
5.如权利要求1所述的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中，所述气凝胶毡为二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
6.如权利要求1所述的有机-无机复合隔热保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（7）中，所述热压一体成型的温度为150-170 ℃，压力为0.5-2 Mpa。
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