CN110679608B

CN110679608B - Chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking

Info

Publication number: CN110679608B
Application number: CN201911160137.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王保明; 丁改秀; 温鹏飞; 付宝春; 高磊
Original assignee: Institute Of Horticulture Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute Of Horticulture Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-11-23
Filing date: 2019-11-23
Publication date: 2021-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-23
Also published as: CN110679608A

Abstract

The invention discloses a chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking, which comprises, by mass, 1-2 parts of sodium tungstate, 2-3 parts of cobalt chloride and 1-3 parts of ibuprofen. The preparation method comprises dissolving the three reagents with 10000 times of clear water to obtain aqueous solutions, mixing the three aqueous solutions, and stirring. The application method of the invention is that the date tree full-bloom period is used as the initial day, and the full tree is evenly sprayed for three times in 60 days, 75 days and 90 days, the front and back sides of the leaves are preferably sprayed until the leaves are wet but not converged into small water flow, and the weather condition is preferably noticed during spraying, so that the application in rainy days, windy days and high-temperature days is avoided. The invention has the advantages of remarkable red date cracking prevention effect, labor saving, low cost and easy implementation.

Description

Chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking

Technical Field

The invention relates to a chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking and a using method thereof.

Background

Red dates are special fruit trees in China and have a cultivation history of more than 3000 years. The jujube has high economic value and rich vitamin content, is known as a 'natural vitamin pill', is widely planted in China, has sweet and delicious taste, and is deeply welcomed by consumers at home and abroad. The cracking of the red dates is a natural disaster caused by continuous rainy days, the cracking of the red dates is more and more in recent years, the appearance of the red dates is influenced, exogenous microorganisms (harmful bacteria and fungi) can be invaded, the rotten fruits, the yield reduction and the dead production are caused, the quality and the economic benefit of the red dates are influenced, the development of the red date industry is severely restricted, and the research on the red date cracking prevention technology increasingly attracts the attention of researchers. The sugar content of the jujube in the mature period is increased, the elasticity of the peel is reduced, and the jujube becomes crisp from tough. Rainfall at maturity is the major factor inducing fruit cracking. The flexibility of the peel tissue of red dates in the mature period is weakened, in rainy days, particularly rainy days in continuous cloudy days, under the stress of water, the pulp tissue is expanded and increased after the pulp absorbs excessive water, and the peel tissue with poor flexibility is extruded by the sudden volume increase caused by the short-time water absorption of the pulp tissue, so that the peel is cracked to generate fruit cracking.

At present, methods for preventing and treating red date fruit cracking mainly comprise: selecting anti-cracking varieties, paving mulching films on the tree crown ground, bagging or reasonably trimming the fruits in the young fruit period and other jujube garden management measures, and reasonably applying fertilizers to advance or delay the mature period of the red jujubes, wherein the methods can play a certain effect of preventing and treating fruit cracking. But these measures are generally costly to implement. The development trend in recent years is to spray an anti-cracking agent on the leaves of the red dates in the mature period. Chinese patent 201410277695.8 discloses a foliar fertilizer comprising the following components: 0.1-0.5 wt% of calcium nitrate; 0.005-0.008 wt% of gibberellin; 0.1-0.3 wt% of borax; 0.5 to 1 weight percent of silane coupling agent, spraying foliar fertilizer to the jujube trees from the first time, and spraying for 9 times at intervals of 7 days. Chinese patent 201410400386.5 discloses a method for preventing jujube from fruit cracking, which comprises spraying any one of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium formate or carbaryl as a flower thinning agent on jujube flower within 15 days from the beginning of the flowering phase in the early flowering phase of jujube tree to thin the flower which blooms in the early flowering phase, so that the flower which blooms in the later flowering phase is fruited, and thus the fruit development time can be delayed for about 10-15 days, and the fruit can be kept in rainy days in the later flowering phase. Chinese patent 201510683235.X discloses a plant regulator for preventing jujube cracking, which is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5-80 parts of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, 0.5-80 parts of calcium salt, 0.01-20 parts of growth promoter, 1-20 parts of thickening agent, 1-80 parts of water and 0-20 parts of alcohol. Chinese patent 201610287951.0 discloses a method for preventing cracking of Guantan jujube, which comprises spraying fruit cracking agent to fruit trees in the middle and late ten days of 8 months and in the white ripeness stage of Guantan jujube, wherein the fruit cracking agent is sprayed once every 20 days and is continuously sprayed for three times, and the fruit cracking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sodium selenate, 20-25 parts of zinc gluconate, 20-30 parts of phosphorous acid, 2-3 parts of zinc acetate, 3-5 parts of potassium hydroxide, 5-10 parts of salicylic acid, 0.5-1 part of tetramethyl glutaric acid, 10-20 parts of urea and 0.1-0.3 part of sodium cyclamate. Chinese patent 201611136194.3 discloses a method for synchronously preventing and controlling fruit cracking and fruit shrinking of jujube, which comprises the following steps of in the middle and late 6 months, in a root system centralized distribution layer under the crown of a jujube tree, applying potassium sulfate: manganese sulfate; in the middle late 7 months, spraying calcium chloride, mancozeb, 6-BA and sodium silicate on leaf surfaces; and spraying calcium chloride, mancozeb, NAA and sodium silicate on the leaf surfaces from beginning of 9 months in late 7 months at intervals of 10-15 days for 3-4 times. Chinese patent 201710448001.6 discloses a special fertilizer for jujube trees with fruit cracking resistance, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42-46 parts of sesame cake meal, 25-26 parts of wheat bran, 3-4 parts of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.6-0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 6-7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-2 parts of calcium gluconate, 1-2 parts of bone glue, 3-4 parts of attapulgite powder, 24-26 parts of corn protein powder, 0.5-0.6 part of acrylamide, 0.1-0.2 part of maleic anhydride, 0.4-0.5 part of ammonium persulfate, 16-17 parts of chitosan, 0.6-0.7 part of nano zero-valent iron, 0.1-0.2 part of epoxy chloropropane, a proper amount of 0.5% acetic acid solution, a proper amount of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and a proper amount of water. Chinese patent 201710514283.5 discloses a foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating red date fruit cracking, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 38-42% of potassium nitrate, 33-36% of ammonium nitrate, 7-8% of magnesium sulfate, 3-4% of monopotassium phosphate, 8.5-10% of anhydrous calcium chloride, 0.7-0.85% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 0.5-0.65% of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 1.5-2.5% of inositol, 0.04-0.05% of glycine, 0.001-0.003% of thiamine hydrochloride, 0.005-0.15% of pyridoxine hydrochloride and 0.005-0.02% of nicotinic acid, wherein the sum of the mass of the components is 100%. Chinese patent 201710514830.X discloses a compound fertilizer for preventing and treating red date fruit cracking, which comprises the following components: potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, anhydrous calcium chloride, potassium iodide, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, inositol, glycine, thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride and nicotinic acid. Chinese patent 201711097073.7 discloses a liquid fertilizer for preventing winter jujube from cracking and a preparation method thereof. The liquid fertilizer consists of 1000 parts of active liquid fertilizer base preparation; 12-23 parts of nitrogen, 16-28 parts of potassium, 3-12 parts of phosphorus, 16-32 parts of boron, 15-30 parts of calcium, 1-8 parts of magnesium, 0.1-5 parts of zinc, 0.1-5 parts of molybdenum and 0.1-5 parts of iron; the liquid fertilizer contains 10-21 parts of glycine, 1-8 parts of leucine, 1-9 parts of lysine, 3-12 parts of tryptophan, 1-9 parts of gibberellin, 16-26 parts of organic calcium and 10-22 parts of inorganic calcium salt. Chinese patent 201711329582.8 discloses an anti-cracking foliar fertilizer special for jujube trees, and a preparation method and application thereof. The special anti-cracking foliar fertilizer for the jujube trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of potassium chloride; 7 to 15 percent of calcium chloride; 1 to 5 percent of borax; 1 to 5 percent of chelated magnesium; 1 to 3 percent of chelated iron; 0.5 to 1.5 percent of zinc sulfate; 0.2 to 0.6 percent of manganese sulfate; 3% -4% of organic silicon; the balance of water. Chinese patent 201711380432.X discloses a method for controlling fruit cracking in jujube trees in the field, wherein in the young fruit stage to the expansion stage: spraying 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution on leaf surfaces, spraying for 1 time every 14-16 days, and continuously spraying for 3-4 times; and (3) turning the fruit color to white: spraying 0.3-0.5% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, spraying for 1 time every 14-16 days, and continuously spraying for 2-4 times; and (3) mature period: spraying 0.5-1.5% pectin solution on leaf surfaces; and (3) spraying 0.08-0.12% of cytokinin or 0.08-0.12% of rare earth elements in the young fruit period. The prior art mainly uses trace elements, calcium ions, amino acids, growth hormones and active ingredients. Although the research on the action mechanism is not clear, the red date fruit cracking prevention effect is achieved in the production practice. Meanwhile, the active ingredients capable of regulating the growth period of the red dates are more, and more economical preparations for preventing the red dates from cracking are yet to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking, which is realized by the following technical scheme.

The chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking comprises, by mass, 1-2 parts of sodium tungstate, 2-3 parts of cobalt chloride and 1-3 parts of ibuprofen.

The preparation method of the chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking comprises the following steps:

(1) dissolving sodium tungstate in clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the sodium tungstate to obtain sodium tungstate aqueous solution;

(2) dissolving cobalt chloride with clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the cobalt chloride to obtain a cobalt chloride aqueous solution;

(3) dissolving ibuprofen in clear water with the mass of 10000 times of that of the ibuprofen to obtain an ibuprofen aqueous solution;

(4) mixing the three aqueous solutions of (1), (2) and (3) together, and stirring uniformly.

The application method of the chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking comprises the following steps:

(1) the use time is as follows: the full-tree spraying is carried out three times in 60 days, 75 days and 90 days after the date tree full-bloom period is taken as the initial day.

(2) When the plant leaf fertilizer is sprayed, the front and back surfaces of the leaves are preferably sprayed until the leaves are wet but do not converge into small water flows, and meanwhile, the weather condition is preferably noticed when the plant leaf fertilizer is sprayed, so that the plant leaf fertilizer is prevented from being applied in rainy days, windy days and high-temperature days.

Programmed death (PCD) occurs to pericarp cells of the red date fruits in a half red period to a full red period, the regulation and control capability of selective absorption of water is lost, and the fruit flesh absorbs a large amount of water to cause fruit cracking. Sodium tungstate has a certain waterproof effect, cobalt chloride can regulate and control nitrogen metabolism, ibuprofen has an anti-inflammatory effect, and the anti-cracking effect is obvious when the sodium tungstate, the cobalt chloride, the ibuprofen and the ibuprofen are mixed.

The red date cracking prevention effect of the composition is obvious, and under the same condition, when the compared fruit cracking rate is more than 60%, the fruit cracking rate of the composition and the use method is less than 12%. The invention has the characteristics of labor saving, low cost and easy implementation, and has no adverse side effect on the commodity value, the nutritional value and the health care value of the red dates.

The formula, the spraying time and the spraying times of the invention are tested

The test content of the invention is carried out in a red date test demonstration garden of Xiaobai Donglicun county of Taigu county, Shanxi province, Jinzhong city.

The formula test of the invention is developed in 2017, and the spraying time and frequency test of the optimal formula are developed in 2018.

First, red date anti-cracking composition test

1. Test method

The composition of the invention is treated by:

(1) 1/10000 aqueous solution of sodium tungstate;

(2) 1/10000 aqueous cobalt chloride solution;

(3) 1/10000 aqueous ibuprofen solution;

(4) 1 part of 1/10000 sodium tungstate aqueous solution and 1 part of 1/10000 cobalt chloride aqueous solution;

(5) 1 part 1/10000 sodium tungstate aqueous solution +1 part 1/10000 ibuprofen aqueous solution;

(6) 1 part 1/10000 aqueous cobalt chloride solution +1 part 1/10000 aqueous ibuprofen solution;

(7) 1 part of 1/10000 sodium tungstate aqueous solution, 1 part of 1/10000 cobalt chloride aqueous solution and 1 part of 1/10000 ibuprofen aqueous solution;

(8) the control was clear water.

The experiment was repeated three times with a total of 8 treatments, 10 trees each. The spraying time takes the date tree full-bloom period as the initial day, and the whole tree is uniformly sprayed twice on 75 th and 90 th days later. Spraying on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves are wet but do not converge into small water flow.

2. Test results

The test results are shown in Table 1.

Test results show that by adopting the sodium tungstate, the cobalt chloride and the ibuprofen reagent with single components and evenly spraying 1/10000 aqueous solution on the whole trees twice at 75 days and 90 days after the date tree full-bloom period is the initial day, the fruit cracking rate is greatly reduced compared with a control (p is less than 0.01), and the difference between the three single components is not significant (p is more than 0.05). When the three reagents of sodium tungstate, cobalt chloride and ibuprofen are mixed two by two and then sprayed, the fruit cracking rate is greatly reduced (p is less than 0.01) compared with that of single component treatment, and the difference between the three two-by-two mixed components is not significant (p is more than 0.05). When the three reagents of sodium tungstate, cobalt chloride and ibuprofen are mixed and sprayed, the fruit cracking rate is remarkably reduced (p is less than 0.01) compared with the treatment of two-two combination mixing, which shows that the three reagents have better interaction effect.

Second, test of Using method

1. And (3) test treatment:

the test formula adopts the best composition in the chemical composition test results for reducing red date fruit cracking, namely: 1 part of 1/10000 sodium tungstate aqueous solution, 1 part of 1/10000 cobalt chloride aqueous solution and 1 part of 1/10000 ibuprofen aqueous solution, and the test treatment is as follows:

(1) uniformly spraying the whole jujube trees twice in 60 days and 75 days after the date trees are in the full-bloom period as the initial day;

(2) taking the full-bloom period of the jujube trees as an initial day, and uniformly spraying the whole jujube trees twice in 90 days on the 60 th day; (3) uniformly spraying the whole jujube trees twice on 75 days and 90 days after the date trees are in the full-bloom period as the initial day;

(4) taking the full-bloom period of the jujube trees as an initial day, and uniformly spraying the whole jujube trees for three times in the 60 th, 75 th and 90 th days;

(5) taking the full-bloom period of the jujube trees as an initial day, and uniformly spraying the whole trees for four times in the 60 th, 75 th, 90 th and 100 th days;

(6) the control was clear water.

The experiment is totally set with 6 treatments, each 10 trees is a cell, each treatment is repeated for three times, and the spraying is carried out on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves are wet but not converged into small water flows.

2. Test results

The test results are shown in Table 2.

Test results show that after the full-bloom stage, the fruit cracking rate is remarkably reduced (p is less than 0.01) compared with a control after the treatment is carried out twice on the 60 th day, the 75 th day, the 60 th day, the 90 th day and the 75 th day and the 90 th day after the full-bloom stage, but the difference between the three treatments is not significant (p is more than 0.05); the fruit cracking rate of the fruit trees sprayed three times on the 60 th day, the 75 th day and the 90 th day after the full-bloom period is remarkably reduced compared with that of the fruit trees sprayed twice (p is less than 0.01); the fruit cracking rate of four times of spraying on 60 days, 75 days, 90 days and 100 days is slightly lower than that of three times of spraying, but the difference between the two is not significant (p is more than 0.05). In view of use cost, the invention is sprayed three times on 60 days, 75 days and 90 days after full bloom as the optimal use time and times.

Example 1

A chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking is prepared by the following method:

(1) dissolving 1 part of sodium tungstate by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the sodium tungstate to obtain sodium tungstate aqueous solution;

(2) dissolving 2 parts of cobalt chloride by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the cobalt chloride to obtain a cobalt chloride aqueous solution;

(3) dissolving 1 part of ibuprofen by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the ibuprofen to obtain an ibuprofen aqueous solution;

The use method of the composition comprises the following steps:

Example 2

(1) dissolving 2 parts of sodium tungstate by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the sodium tungstate to obtain sodium tungstate aqueous solution;

(2) dissolving 3 parts of cobalt chloride by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the cobalt chloride to obtain a cobalt chloride aqueous solution;

(3) dissolving 3 parts of ibuprofen by using clear water with the mass being 10000 times that of the ibuprofen to obtain an ibuprofen aqueous solution;

The composition was used in the same manner as in example 1.

Example 3

The composition was used in the same manner as in example 1.

Example 4

The composition was used in the same manner as in example 1.

Claims

1. A chemical composition for preventing red dates from cracking comprises, by mass, 1-2 parts of sodium tungstate, 2-3 parts of cobalt chloride and 1-3 parts of ibuprofen;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(4) mixing the three aqueous solutions of (1), (2) and (3) together, and stirring uniformly;

the application method is that the date tree full-bloom time is used as the initial day, and the full tree is evenly sprayed for three times in the 60 th day, the 75 th day and the 90 th day.