CN110679227B - Muddy coast wetland and recovery method thereof - Google Patents
Muddy coast wetland and recovery method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679227B CN110679227B CN201911058691.XA CN201911058691A CN110679227B CN 110679227 B CN110679227 B CN 110679227B CN 201911058691 A CN201911058691 A CN 201911058691A CN 110679227 B CN110679227 B CN 110679227B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A muddy coast wetland and a recovery method thereof comprise: the ecological retaining area structure is arranged between the coastline and the ecological dam, the artificial water system is connected with the interior of the ecological retaining area structure, and the artificial water system penetrates through the ecological dam and is communicated with the outer side of the ecological dam. Wherein, ecological conservation district structure includes: ecological conservation area, planting basement and two-way sluice. Compared with the prior art, the invention combines artificial intervention and natural succession, forms a substrate by dredger filling sludge and reinforcing treatment, realizes water body exchange during rising and falling tides through the moisture-proof wave-blocking function of the ecological dam and the sluice and artificial water system in the early growth stage of the vegetation of the wetland, promotes the rapid growth of the vegetation, breaks the dike after the vegetation is mature and introduces seawater tide to form the tidal flat wetland capable of natural growth and development, provides diversified habitat for wetland organisms, and can rapidly realize the recovery of the muddy coastal wetland at lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine environment protection and ecological engineering, in particular to a muddy coast wetland and a recovery method thereof.
Background
With the development and utilization of coastal zones and the increase of reclamation projects, the area of the coastal beach wetland is sharply reduced, the ecological function is degraded, and the coastal beach wetland needs to be recovered. At present, the coastal wetland restoration technology mainly adopts the technologies of artificial silt promotion, pond excavation and soil accumulation, terrain modeling, vegetation planting and the like, and the technologies lack systematicness and have poor adaptability. For example, patent publication No. CN105638015 constructs an ecological dam at the outer edge of a restoration area, digs a pond and piles soil in the restoration area to form a plant growth area, plants wetland plants and maintains them, and opens a culvert pipe buried in the ecological dam after the vegetation is mature to form a tidal environment. The patent has the problems that the method is not suitable for muddy coast conditions, and the wetland is difficult to grow outwards naturally under the influence of a dam body. A method for restoring the coastal beach wetland which is suitable for the muddy coast condition and can grow and develop is needed.
In order to solve the above problems, we have made a series of improvements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a muddy coastal wetland and a restoration method thereof, which overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art.
A muddy coastal wetland comprising: the ecological retaining area structure is arranged between the coastline and the ecological dam, the artificial water system is connected with the interior of the ecological retaining area structure, and the artificial water system passes through the ecological dam and is communicated with the outer side of the ecological dam;
wherein, ecological containment district structure includes: the ecological conservation area comprises an ecological conservation area, a planting substrate and a bidirectional water gate, wherein the planting substrate is arranged inside the ecological conservation area, and the bidirectional water gate is connected with an ecological dam.
Furthermore, the structure of the ecological dam is an annular encircling structure, a semicircular structure or a combined structure of a spur dike and a sequential dike.
A muddy coast wetland and a recovery method thereof comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a region suitable for wetland restoration and wetland vegetation growth in the current muddy coast as an ecological conservation area structure;
step two: constructing an ecological dam at the outer edge of the structure of the ecological conservation area, wherein the ecological dam is formed by adopting a naturally degradable geotextile filling bag, the elevation is higher than a high water level for many years, and a certain number of bidirectional water gates are buried;
step three: performing hydraulic filling and lifting on the structure of the ecological conservation area to construct plant planting conditions, wherein hydraulic filling soil is obtained by digging mucky soil outside the ecological conservation area;
step four: reinforcing shallow surface soil by adopting a sand-free cushion layer vacuum preloading method, wherein the ground elevation is 1-2 m above the average water level after reinforcement;
step five: after the soft foundation is reinforced, excavating an artificial water system in the ecological conservation area, and using the spoil for modeling the micro-topography in the area;
step six: planting wetland plants in the ecological conservation area structure, and performing water body exchange during rising and falling tides through a bidirectional water gate and an artificial water system which are buried in an ecological dam in a planting period and a seedling period;
step seven: after the wetland plants are mature, the ecological dam is aged and invalid naturally or seawater tide is introduced by artificial breakwater, and the mudflat wetland capable of growing naturally is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention combines artificial intervention and natural succession, forms a substrate by dredger filling sludge and reinforcing treatment, realizes water body exchange during rising and falling tides through the moisture-proof wave-blocking function of the ecological dam and the sluice and artificial water system in the early growth stage of the vegetation of the wetland, promotes the rapid growth of the vegetation, breaks the dike after the vegetation is mature and introduces seawater tide to form the tidal flat wetland capable of natural growth and development, provides diversified habitat for wetland organisms, and can rapidly realize the recovery of the muddy coastal wetland at lower cost.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a recovery method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a process arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a water body exchange diagram after the ecological dam of the present invention is dismantled.
Reference numerals:
a shoreline 100, an ecologically conserved area structure 200, an ecologically conserved area 210, a planting substrate 220, and a bi-directional water gate 230.
An ecological dam 300 and an artificial water system 400.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a recovery method of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram of a process arrangement of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a water body exchange diagram after the ecological dam of the present invention is dismantled.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a muddy coastal wetland comprises: the ecological self-supporting building comprises a shoreline 100, an ecological conserving area structure 200, an ecological dam 300 and an artificial water system 400, wherein the ecological dam 300 is connected with one side of the shoreline 100, the ecological conserving area structure 200 is arranged between the shoreline 100 and the ecological dam 300, the artificial water system 400 is connected with the interior of the ecological conserving area structure 200, and the artificial water system 400 passes through the ecological dam 300 and is communicated with the outer side of the ecological dam 300;
wherein, ecological containment region structure 200 includes: ecological containment area 210, planting basement 220 and two-way sluice 230, planting basement 220 locates the inside of ecological containment area 210, and two-way sluice 230 is connected with ecological dam 300.
The structure of the ecological dam 300 is an annular encircling structure, a semicircular structure or a combined structure of a spur dike and a sequential dike.
A muddy coast wetland and a recovery method thereof comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: areas suitable for wetland restoration and wetland vegetation growth are selected from the current silt coast as ecological conservation area structures 200, and the areas comprise areas with obvious beach upcoating natural silt rise and weak water power or areas with original wetland degeneration and decline.
Step two: an ecological dam 300 is constructed at the outer edge of the ecological conserving area structure 200, the ecological dam 300 is formed by adopting a naturally degradable geotextile filling bag, the elevation is higher than a high water level for many years, and a certain number of bidirectional water gates are buried. The ecological dam 300 is arranged by combining the flow field condition and the wave condition of the recovery area, so that effective shielding and silt falling conditions are provided for the recovery area, and the coating surface is naturally silt and expanded. The elevation and the plane arrangement of the top of the siltation-promoting dam are determined through a numerical model and engineering experience, and a proper tidal channel is reserved, so that on one hand, a lower-layer water body with high mud content can enter a human recovery area during rising tide, on the other hand, the falling tide flow rate is controlled, the falling tide time is prolonged, and the silt falling chance is increased. The silt-promoting dam can adopt circular encircling arrangement, semicircular arrangement or combined arrangement of a spur dike and an antegrade dam; the elevation of the top of the silt-promoting dam is generally near the average water level to the average high water level.
Step three: the ecological conservation area structure 200 is subjected to hydraulic filling and elevation to construct plant planting conditions, and hydraulic filling soil is obtained by digging mucky soil outside the ecological conservation area. And carrying out wetland modeling in the recovery area by digging, taking soil and lifting by hydraulic reclamation. An ecological dam 300 and a bidirectional water gate 230 are arranged at the outer edge of the silt height area to form an ecological conservation area 210. The mud surface of the ecological conservation area 210 is lifted by excavating the silt back to construct plant planting conditions, and the soil taking area forms a shallow water wet pond or a tidal channel after being excavated. The ecological dam 300 is formed by filling a naturally degradable geotextile filling bag with mucky soil in situ.
Step four: reinforcing the shallow surface soil by adopting a sand-free cushion layer vacuum preloading method, wherein the ground elevation is 1-2 m above the average water level after reinforcement;
step five: after the soft foundation is reinforced, an artificial water system is excavated in the ecological conservation area 210, and the spoil is used for modeling the micro-topography in the area;
step six: wetland plants are planted in the ecological shelter structure 200, and water exchange is performed during the rising and falling tide periods through the bidirectional water gate 230 and the artificial water system 400 buried in the ecological dam 300 during the planting period and the seedling period. The bidirectional water gate 230 can be arranged in multiple groups according to the area size of the ecological conservation area 210 or the water demand of plants, so as to meet the plant growth conditions of the conservation area.
Step seven: after the wetland plants are mature, the ecological dam 300 is aged and invalid naturally or seawater tide is introduced by artificial breakwater, and the mudflat wetland capable of growing naturally is formed.
The invention selects the area suitable for wetland restoration and wetland plant growth, generally river mouth silted area or gulf silted area, the beach of the areas is coated with natural silting and rising obviously, the hydrodynamic force is weaker, the action of wind and wave is less, and the invention has natural condition of ecological conservation and restoration. Temporary ecological dams are arranged on the outer sides to play a role of retaining water and mud, and a certain number of bidirectional water gates are arranged to form construction conditions for hydraulic filling and lifting of mud surfaces of mudflats. The mud surface is lifted by dredger fill of mucky soil outside the ecological conservation area, and then shallow vacuum preloading foundation treatment is carried out, so that wetland plant planting and tidal channel artificial excavation conditions are formed, and the wetland restoration base conditions of the ecological conservation area are constructed.
Wetland plants, such as pioneer species with strong adaptability, such as reeds, suaeda salsa, scripus triqueter and the like, are planted in the ecological conservation area, so that the planting of the wetland plants in the area is realized. And in the planting period and the seedling period, water body exchange is carried out during the rising and falling tide periods through a bidirectional water gate and an artificial water system which are buried in the ecological dam. After the wetland plants are mature, the ecological dam is aged and loses efficacy naturally or seawater tide is introduced by artificial breakwater, and an artificial water system for simulating the tide action in three levels of a tide channel, a branch and a secondary ditch is dug in the area, so that the natural growth condition of the ecological conservation area is realized. Under the wave-dissipating and silt-promoting action of the wetland plants, the natural mud surface is not broken and silt-increased, and meanwhile, the wetland plants are continuously expanded, and a naturally growing and developing tidal flat wetland is formed under the mutual action.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A muddy coast wetland, comprising: the ecological self-supporting building comprises a shoreline (100), an ecological conserving area structure (200), an ecological dam (300) and an artificial water system (400), wherein the ecological dam (300) is connected with one side of the shoreline (100), the ecological conserving area structure (200) is arranged between the shoreline (100) and the ecological dam (300), the artificial water system (400) is connected with the interior of the ecological conserving area structure (200), and the artificial water system (400) passes through the ecological dam (300) and is communicated with the outer side of the ecological dam (300);
wherein the ecological containment structure (200) comprises: the ecological conservation area (210), a planting substrate (220) and a bidirectional water gate (230), wherein the planting substrate (220) is arranged inside the ecological conservation area (210), and the bidirectional water gate (230) is connected with an ecological dam (300);
the method for restoring the muddy coastal wetland comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting areas suitable for wetland restoration and wetland vegetation growth from the current silt coast as ecological conserving area structures (200), wherein the areas comprise areas with obvious natural silt expansion and weak water power of beach front embankment or areas with original wetland degeneration and decline;
step two: an ecological dam (300) is constructed on the outer edge of an ecological conserving area structure (200), the ecological dam (300) is formed by adopting a naturally degradable geotextile filling bag, the elevation is above a high water level in many years, a certain number of bidirectional water gates (230) are buried, the ecological dam (300) is arranged by combining the flow field condition and the wave condition of a restoring area, effective shielding and silt falling conditions are provided for the restoring area, coating surface natural silt swelling is realized, the top elevation and plane arrangement of the ecological dam are determined through a numerical model and engineering experience, and a proper tidal channel is reserved, so that on one hand, a lower-layer water body with higher mud content can enter the restoring area during rising tide, on the other hand, the falling tide flow rate is controlled, the falling tide time is prolonged, the silt falling chance of silt is increased, and the top elevation of the ecological dam is near the average water level to the average high water level;
step three: performing hydraulic filling and raising on the structure (200) of the ecological conservation area to construct plant planting conditions, wherein hydraulic filling soil is obtained by digging mucky soil outside the ecological conservation area;
step four: reinforcing shallow surface soil by adopting a sand-free cushion layer vacuum preloading method, wherein the ground elevation is 1-2 m above the average water level after reinforcement;
step five: after the soft foundation is reinforced, digging an artificial water system (400) in the ecological conservation area (210), and using the spoil for modeling the micro-terrain in the area;
step six: wetland plants are planted in the ecological shelter structure (200), and water body exchange is carried out between the rising tide and the falling tide through a bidirectional water gate (230) and an artificial water system (400) which are buried in an ecological dam (300) in the planting period and the seedling period;
step seven: after the wetland plants are mature, the ecological dam (300) is aged naturally and fails or seawater tide is introduced by artificial breakwater, and the mudflat wetland capable of growing naturally is formed.
2. The silty coastal wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the ecological dam (300) is an annular encircling structure, a semicircular structure or a combined structure of a spur dike and a sequential dike.
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| CN201911058691.XA CN110679227B (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Muddy coast wetland and recovery method thereof |
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| CN201911058691.XA CN110679227B (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Muddy coast wetland and recovery method thereof |
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| CN110679227B true CN110679227B (en) | 2022-08-02 |
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| CN112962527A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-06-15 | 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method |
| CN117530236B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-08-27 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration mode and implementation method for tidal flat water bird habitat |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR7200258U (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-08-24 | Eri T Bellanca | DESERTIFIED SOIL RECOVERY PROCESS |
| CN101216470A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 上海大学 | Mucky beach plant root system growth in situ monitoring method |
| CN105210777A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | A kind of non-river mouth suitable for afforestation Muddy Bottoms Tideland resources arbor disappears the structure in unrestrained forest belt and construction method |
| CN105638015A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 华东师范大学 | Method for recovering intertidal zone salt marsh wetland |
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2019
- 2019-11-01 CN CN201911058691.XA patent/CN110679227B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR7200258U (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-08-24 | Eri T Bellanca | DESERTIFIED SOIL RECOVERY PROCESS |
| CN101216470A (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | 上海大学 | Mucky beach plant root system growth in situ monitoring method |
| CN105210777A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | A kind of non-river mouth suitable for afforestation Muddy Bottoms Tideland resources arbor disappears the structure in unrestrained forest belt and construction method |
| CN105638015A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 华东师范大学 | Method for recovering intertidal zone salt marsh wetland |
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