CN110675451B - Digital self-adaptive correction method and system based on phase space optics - Google Patents
Digital self-adaptive correction method and system based on phase space optics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a digital self-adaptive correction method and system based on phase space optics. The invention firstly constructs an optical system based on a phase space, then carries out three-dimensional reconstruction on the collected phase space information, and simultaneously carries out aberration correction in the reconstruction iteration of the image by using a digital calculation method, thereby removing the aberration brought by an imaging system or an imaging sample, greatly improving the imaging performance, being suitable for the imaging environment which is faster and more complex, and being different from the traditional adaptive optical technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical imaging and information processing.
Background
Adaptive optics is one of the important branches in optical research. The technology is used in an optical imaging system, and can effectively compensate various interference factors in the imaging process. These interference factors, including the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the macro scale, the strong scattering of biological tissues on the micro scale, and the error of the optical imaging system itself, can cause wavefront distortion during the imaging process. The adaptive optics can effectively relieve wavefront distortion, thereby improving imaging quality, and is widely applied to various fields such as astronomy observation, biological microscopic imaging and the like, and great progress is made.
On the other hand, optical imaging systems based on phase space are also a major focus of optical research in recent years. The phase space information has both space information and angle information, and belongs to a four-dimensional space. Imaging in four-dimensional phase space can acquire more information than traditional two-dimensional imaging, so that the method can be used in three-dimensional reconstruction and is the main method of three-dimensional imaging at present. However, the optical imaging system based on the phase space is affected by the optical aberration particularly obviously due to the scattering property of the object and the error in designing and building the imaging system. Particularly in the field of microscopic imaging, a phase-space microscope is intended to image a three-dimensional volume of a microscopic sample, but due to nonuniform refractive index and extremely strong scattering at a deep layer of the microscopic sample, great wavefront distortion is often brought to imaging. The phase space microscope does not fully exploit the performance of high resolution three-dimensional imaging. However, adaptive optics is also introduced into the field of microscopic imaging, but a spatial light modulator is usually introduced to shape the wavefront, so that the imaging speed is reduced, and the real-time effect is difficult to realize. Therefore, the phase space optical technique shows great limitation in high aberration scenes; in addition, in high-speed observation, the method is difficult to be combined with the traditional self-adaptive correction method, and the practical application scene is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a digital adaptive correction method and system based on phase space optics, which corrects aberration in the phase space optical imaging process by a digital method, thereby improving the imaging performance of the phase space optical system and enabling the phase space optical system to be used in a faster and more complex imaging environment.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview and is intended to neither identify key/critical elements nor delineate the scope of such embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in some optional embodiments, there is provided a digital adaptive correction system based on phase space optics, comprising:
the optical input module is used for converting the object input signal into optical information;
the phase space modulation module modulates the micro lens array arranged near the image surface and converts an optical signal with object information into phase space four-dimensional information;
the acquisition module is used for recording phase space images of the three-dimensional scene in all view angle directions;
the synchronous triggering module is used for synchronous hardware control and simultaneous triggering of the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module;
and the digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module is used for estimating optical aberration by utilizing the multi-view information of the light field in the process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image, and using the aberration information in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration.
In some optional embodiments, the digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module comprises:
the three-dimensional reconstruction module is used for performing one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space information by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image;
the optical aberration estimation module is used for carrying out forward projection on the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain four-dimensional forward projection, comparing the four-dimensional forward projection with four-dimensional phase space distribution, calculating optical flow distribution between the four-dimensional forward projection and the four-dimensional phase space distribution, correcting the optical flow distribution according to system parameters, and removing the influence of defocusing phase and translation phase so as to estimate optical aberration under different sub-apertures;
the optical aberration correction module is used for correcting the optical aberration by reflecting the optical aberration into a forward projection model of an iterative algorithm;
and the iteration updating module is used for performing loop iteration on the three-dimensional reconstruction module, the optical aberration estimation module and the optical aberration correction module until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
In some optional embodiments, the optical input module comprises: the system comprises a light source, an object and a first lens, wherein the light source is used for irradiating the object through the first lens to convert the information of the input object into optical information.
In some optional embodiments, the phase space modulation module is composed of a phase space modulation device, and the phase space modulation device acquires frequency domain information of a spatial part near a rear focal plane of the microlens array by placing the microlens array near an image plane, so as to obtain four-dimensional phase space information.
In some optional embodiments, the acquisition module comprises: the second lens is used for magnifying or reducing the imaging light beam, the resolution of the optical diffraction limit is matched with the resolution of the image sensor, and the image sensor is used for acquiring a four-dimensional phase space image.
In some optional embodiments, the synchronization triggering module comprises: the hardware program unit is used for generating pulse voltage signals required by the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module; the controller is used for outputting the pulse voltage signal to the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module for synchronous control.
In some optional embodiments, there is provided a digital adaptive correction method based on phase space optics, including:
modulating an illumination end light path or an acquisition end light path through the constructed phase space optical system, acquiring a four-dimensional phase space image, and preprocessing the four-dimensional phase space image;
in the process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image, optical aberration is estimated by using multi-view information of a light field, and the aberration information is used in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration.
In some optional embodiments, the estimating optical aberration using multi-view information of the light field in the iterative reconstruction of the three-dimensional information or the two-dimensional image, and using the aberration information in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration includes:
performing one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space information by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image;
forward projecting the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain four-dimensional forward projection, comparing the four-dimensional forward projection with four-dimensional phase space distribution, calculating optical flow distribution between the four-dimensional forward projection and the four-dimensional phase space distribution, correcting the optical flow distribution according to system parameters, and removing the influence of defocusing phase and translation phase, thereby estimating optical aberration under different sub-apertures;
the optical aberration is reflected in a forward projection model of an iterative algorithm, and the optical aberration is corrected;
and performing loop iteration until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention firstly constructs an optical system based on a phase space, then carries out three-dimensional reconstruction on the collected phase space information, and simultaneously carries out aberration correction in the reconstruction iteration of the image by using a digital calculation method, thereby removing the aberration brought by an imaging system or an imaging sample, greatly improving the imaging performance, being suitable for the imaging environment which is faster and more complex, and being different from the traditional adaptive optical technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a digital adaptive calibration and system based on phase space optics according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a digital adaptive calibration method based on phase space optics according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the effect of digital aberration correction on the mitochondrial imaging of nerve cells.
Detailed Description
The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. The examples merely typify possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the sequence of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others.
As shown in fig. 1, there is provided a digital adaptive correction system based on phase space optics, comprising: the digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction method comprises an optical input module 100, a phase space modulation module 200, an acquisition module 300, a synchronous trigger module 400 and a digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module 500.
The optical input module 100 is configured to convert the object input signal into optical information, that is, to perform basic imaging on a macro object or a micro sample.
The optical input module 100 includes: the light source 110, the object 130 and the first lens 120 are used to irradiate the object 130 through the first lens 120 by the light source 110, so that the object 130 has characteristics different from the surrounding environment, and can be collected in the form of light, which is used as the basis for imaging, i.e. information input into the object is converted into optical information.
Wherein the light source 110 has different characteristics for different objects. For macroscopic objects, the light source 110 may be natural or other structured light; for microscopic objects, the light source 110 may be transmissive or laser light.
And the phase space modulation module 200 is used for modulating the micro lens array placed near the image plane and converting the optical signal with the object information into phase space four-dimensional information.
The phase space modulation module 200 is composed of a phase space modulation device 210, and plays a role in generating phase space four-dimensional information, that is, the phase space modulation device 210 acquires frequency domain information of a local space near a back focal plane of a microlens array by placing the microlens array near an image plane, so as to obtain the four-dimensional phase space information.
Specifically, the phase spatial modulation device 210 may be a microlens array, a spatial light modulator, or the like, achieving the effect of frequency modulation. Mapping the spatial information corresponding to different frequency domains to corresponding spatial positions by using a micro-lens array, and carrying out frequency modulation; and changing the effective range on the frequency domain by using a spatial light modulator, and acquiring spatial information under different frequency domain areas through multiple changes to perform frequency modulation.
Further, the phase-space modulation device 210 can modulate the light source 110, for example, by using an optical-mechanical device such as a scanning galvanometer, and the like, to change the angle of the optical path of the illumination object, thereby performing frequency modulation.
The acquisition module 300 is configured to record phase space images of a three-dimensional scene in each view direction.
The acquisition module 300 includes: a second lens 310 and an image sensor 320.
The second lens 310, which functions as a relay, includes a 4f system for magnifying or demagnifying the imaging beam, matching the optical diffraction limit resolution with the resolution of the image sensor.
The image sensor 320 is used for four-dimensional phase space image acquisition. The image sensor 320 may be a CMOS, a monochrome sensor, a CCD or CMOS, or other types of imaging sensors, and is not limited in detail herein.
Specifically, the image sensor 320 is disposed on an image plane of a lens of an imaging camera or an image plane of another relay lens system, and collects four-dimensional phase space information, thereby ensuring the collection accuracy.
The synchronous triggering module 400 is used for realizing synchronous hardware control and simultaneous triggering of the phase space modulation module 200 and the acquisition module 300; the synchronization triggering module 400 includes: a hardware program unit 410 and a controller 420.
And the hardware program unit 410 is used for programming logic and generating pulse voltage signals required by the phase space modulation module 200 and the acquisition module 300. The hardware program was implemented by LabVIEW software using pulsed voltages that generated the swept trigger phase space modulation device and triggered the camera.
And the controller 420 is used for connecting the phase space modulation device 210 and the image sensor 320, and outputting the pulse voltage signal generated by the hardware program unit 410 to the phase space modulation module 200 and the acquisition module 300 for synchronous control, so as to provide accurate simultaneous triggering for the phase space modulation module 200 and the acquisition module 300.
The controller 420 transmits the pulse voltage signal from the computer to the corresponding device. The controller 420 may be a control card or a voltage signal generator, among others.
The digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module 500 is configured to estimate optical aberration by using multi-view information of a light field in a process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image, and apply the aberration information in a reconstruction process to remove aberration, so as to improve imaging quality.
Digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module 500: a three-dimensional reconstruction module 510, an optical aberration estimation module 520, an optical aberration correction module 530, and an iterative update module 540.
And a three-dimensional reconstruction module 510, configured to perform one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase spatial information by using an iterative algorithm, so as to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image. The three-dimensional reconstruction module 510 may extract pixels from the image recorded by the image sensor 320 to obtain a set of imaging stacks of the sample, where each imaging stack corresponds to spatial information of one of the frequency ranges, and may then reconstruct a three-dimensional structure by using the imaging stacks, may remove the influence of the sample on the signal on the out-of-focus plane, and achieve three-dimensional reconstruction of the sample based on the imaging stacks. In certain embodiments, the computational reconstruction process of the three-dimensional reconstruction module 510 may be implemented on a hardware system such as a common personal computer or workstation. The computational reconstruction portion may perform a computational reconstruction of the sample using the acquired image information.
An optical aberration estimating module 520, configured to perform forward projection on the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain a four-dimensional forward projection, compare the four-dimensional forward projection with a four-dimensional phase space distribution, calculate an optical flow distribution between the four-dimensional forward projection and the four-dimensional phase space distribution, correct the optical flow distribution according to system parameters, and remove the influence of a defocus phase and a translation phase, thereby estimating optical aberrations under different sub-apertures. The aberration caused by the uneven refractive index of the object is accurately calculated, and the influence of refocusing is eliminated.
The optical aberration estimation module 520 includes:
a forward projection unit 521, configured to perform forward projection on each sub-aperture by using the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image, so as to obtain a four-dimensional projection image;
the optical flow calculation unit 522 compares the four-dimensional projection diagram with the four-dimensional phase space, solves the optical flow distribution, and removes the influence of refocusing to obtain the optical phase difference estimation.
An optical aberration correction module 530, configured to apply the optical aberration obtained by the optical aberration estimation module 520 back to the forward projection model of the iterative algorithm to correct the optical aberration. And reversely blending the aberration information into the forward projection of the three-dimensional reconstruction, and removing the influence of optical aberration so as to realize aberration correction.
And the iterative updating module 540 performs loop iteration on the three-dimensional reconstruction module 510, the optical aberration estimation module 520 and the optical aberration correction module 530 until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
As shown in fig. 2, in some illustrative embodiments, a digital adaptive correction method based on phase space optics is provided, and a phase space optical system is first constructed to implement the present invention, and an optical-electromechanical device such as a spatial light modulation device, a microlens array, a scanning galvanometer, etc. is used to modulate an illumination end optical path or a collection end optical path, so as to achieve a microscopic imaging system capable of collecting four-dimensional phase space.
The invention relates to a digital self-adaptive correction method based on phase space optics, which comprises the following steps:
101: and acquiring a four-dimensional phase space image and preprocessing the image.
And acquiring phase space four-dimensional data by using the constructed phase space optical system. And preprocessing the data such as translation, rotation, clipping and the like to ensure the one-to-one correspondence of the pixels so as to obtain an accurate four-dimensional phase space matrix, which is recorded as f.
102: and performing three-dimensional reconstruction or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image.
Performing one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space information by using an iterative algorithm, wherein a reconstructed three-dimensional volume g is obtained, and the reconstruction formula is as follows:
where k represents the kth iteration, H represents the point spread function of the forward projection of the phase space optics, H T A point spread function representing the back projection of the phase space optics.
103: and carrying out forward projection on the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain four-dimensional forward projection. And (3) respectively performing four-dimensional forward projection under different sub-apertures, namely sub-frequency domains on the three-dimensional volume g or the two-dimensional image reconstructed in the step 102.
104: these four-dimensional forward projections are compared with f obtained in step 101 to calculate the luminous flux distribution. And correcting the distribution of optical flow according to the parameters of the phase space system, and removing the influence of defocusing phase and translation phase, thereby estimating the optical aberration under different sub-apertures.
105: optical aberrations are corrected.
And (4) the optical aberration obtained in the step (104) is reacted in a forward projection model of an iterative algorithm to correct the optical aberration, so that the effect of correcting the optical aberration is achieved.
106: and judging whether the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached, if so, ending, otherwise, returning to the step 101, namely, repeating the steps 101 to 105 until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
As shown in fig. 3, a phase space optical microscope system is constructed, the organelle mitochondria of the nerve cell are imaged, and aberration correction is carried out on the organelle mitochondria by using the digital adaptive correction method based on the phase space optics. The results of imaging with and without the digital adaptive correction method are compared in fig. 3. The upper and lower lines are two different nerve cell temporal regions, the left column shows the imaging results without the digital adaptive correction method, and the right column shows the imaging results with the digital adaptive correction method. It can be clearly seen that the digital adaptive correction method based on phase space optics effectively improves the imaging quality and greatly improves the imaging resolution and contrast. The iterative algorithm may be a richardenluci algorithm.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A digital adaptive correction system based on phase space optics, comprising:
the optical input module is used for converting the object input signal into optical information;
the phase space modulation module is used for modulating the micro lens array placed near the image surface and converting an optical signal with object information into phase space four-dimensional information;
the acquisition module is used for recording phase space images of the three-dimensional scene in all view angle directions;
the synchronous triggering module is used for synchronous hardware control and simultaneous triggering of the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module;
the digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module is used for estimating optical aberration by utilizing multi-view information of a light field in the process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image and using the aberration information in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration;
the digital adaptive correction three-dimensional reconstruction module comprises:
the three-dimensional reconstruction module is used for performing one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space information by using an iterative algorithm to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image;
the optical aberration estimation module is used for carrying out forward projection on the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain four-dimensional forward projection, comparing the four-dimensional forward projection with four-dimensional phase space distribution, calculating optical flow distribution between the four-dimensional forward projection and the four-dimensional phase space distribution, correcting the optical flow distribution according to system parameters, and removing the influence of defocusing phase and translation phase so as to estimate optical aberration under different sub-apertures;
the optical aberration correction module is used for correcting the optical aberration by reflecting the optical aberration into a forward projection model of an iterative algorithm;
and the iteration updating module is used for circularly iterating the three-dimensional reconstruction module, the optical aberration estimation module and the optical aberration correction module until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
2. The phase space optics based digital adaptive correction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical input module comprises: the system comprises a light source, an object and a first lens, wherein the light source is used for irradiating the object through the first lens to convert the information of the input object into optical information.
3. The digital adaptive correction system based on phase-space optics according to claim 2, characterized in that the phase-space modulation module is composed of a phase-space modulation device, and the phase-space modulation device acquires the four-dimensional phase-space information by placing a micro-lens array near the image plane and collecting the frequency domain information of the spatial local near the back focal plane of the micro-lens array.
4. The phase-space-optics-based digital adaptive correction system of claim 3, wherein the acquisition module comprises: the second lens is used for magnifying or reducing the imaging light beam, the resolution of the optical diffraction limit is matched with the resolution of the image sensor, and the image sensor is used for acquiring a four-dimensional phase space image.
5. The phase space optics based digital adaptive correction system according to claim 4, characterized in that the synchronization triggering module comprises: the hardware program unit is used for generating pulse voltage signals required by the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module; the controller is used for outputting the pulse voltage signal to the phase space modulation module and the acquisition module for synchronous control.
6. The digital self-adaptive correction method based on the phase space optics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
modulating an illumination end light path or an acquisition end light path through the constructed phase space optical system, acquiring a four-dimensional phase space image, and preprocessing the four-dimensional phase space image;
in the process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image, estimating optical aberration by using multi-view information of a light field, and using the aberration information in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration;
the process of estimating optical aberration by using multi-view information of a light field in the process of iteratively reconstructing three-dimensional information or a two-dimensional image and using the aberration information in the reconstruction process to remove the aberration comprises the following steps:
performing one-time three-dimensional or two-dimensional reconstruction on the four-dimensional phase space information to obtain a reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image;
forward projecting the reconstructed three-dimensional volume or two-dimensional image along different sub-apertures to obtain four-dimensional forward projection, comparing the four-dimensional forward projection with four-dimensional phase space distribution, calculating optical flow distribution between the four-dimensional forward projection and the four-dimensional phase space distribution, correcting the optical flow distribution according to system parameters, and removing the influence of defocusing phase and translation phase so as to estimate optical aberration under different sub-apertures;
the optical aberration is reflected in a forward projection model of an iterative algorithm, and the optical aberration is corrected;
and performing loop iteration until the iteration upper limit of the iterative algorithm is reached.
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