CN110672076A - Method and device for acquiring water level change along way of two banks of V-shaped river in laboratory - Google Patents
Method and device for acquiring water level change along way of two banks of V-shaped river in laboratory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for acquiring water level changes along the way of two banks of a V-shaped river in a laboratory, and provides a non-immersion measuring method based on image processing by combining a dam break water flow test and an image binarization processing method in a V-shaped water tank model. The invention can realize the detection of the change condition of the water level along the way, is beneficial to deeply knowing the movement characteristics and the law of the water flow, solves the problem that the traditional means can only measure by a single point, and has low cost, short time consumption and simple and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a simulation acquisition method for water levels on two banks of a V-shaped river channel.
Background
Once extreme flood is spread downstream in the high mountain canyon, huge casualties and property loss are caused, the section of the channel of the canyon can be generally V-shaped, and experimental research means are particularly important because prototype observation of the flood spread under the terrain is difficult. When an extreme flood incident occurs, the variation of the water level of the two banks determines the flood submerging range, the variation of the water level of the two banks serves as an important index for guiding early warning, scheduling and rescue work, how to accurately capture the variation process of the water level of the two banks has important practical significance, and the measurement method of the traditional water level mainly comprises the following two steps: one is an immersion measuring method in contact with water flow, typically a water level gauge, a wave height gauge, etc., and the measurement of the water level is completed by a reading or digital acquisition system; the other non-immersion type measuring method, such as an ultrasonic water depth meter, a radar water level meter and the like, calculates the water level change according to the time difference of signal reflection. For experimental research, the change situation of the water level along the way is helpful for further understanding the movement characteristics and the law of the water flow, but the two measurement methods can only obtain the water level change at the fixed point, and if the water level change along the way is obtained, a large amount of equipment and time are consumed to increase the number of the fixed points and corresponding data, so that the cost is increased, and the time and the labor are consumed. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a method which is simpler and can simultaneously obtain the water level changes along the way of the two banks of the V-shaped river.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a laboratory acquisition method for water level changes along the way of two banks of a V-shaped river channel, realizes detection of the water level change along the way, is favorable for deeply knowing the movement characteristics and the law of water flow, solves the problem that the traditional means can only measure by a single point, and has low cost, short time consumption and simple and convenient operation.
At present, most of dam reservoirs are built in a similar V-shaped valley, once flood disasters occur in the river channel, the life and property safety of downstream people can be seriously threatened, the research on the aspect can only be carried out through experimental means at present, experimental research on flood evolution under the condition of the section shape is not carried out at present, and meanwhile, the change process of water levels along the course on both sides cannot be economically, effectively and conveniently obtained through the existing data acquisition means, so that the existing acquisition method has quite important value and significance. The invention combines a dam break water flow test in a V-shaped water tank model and provides a non-immersion measuring method based on image processing to achieve the purpose.
The V-shaped river channel and the V-shaped water tank are characterized in that the cross sections of the river channel and the water tank are V-shaped.
The invention provides a method for acquiring water level changes along the way of two banks of a V-shaped river channel, which comprises the following process steps:
(1) a plurality of observation points are arranged on two sides of the outside of the water tank in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the V-shaped water tank, and a CCD camera is arranged at each observation point to shoot water level changes on two banks;
(2) a ruler parallel to the axis direction of the water tank is arranged on the side wall of the water tank and used for determining the evolution distance of water flow and the horizontal width range shot by each CCD camera;
(3) in order to facilitate the binaryzation treatment of the picture in the later stage, a coloring agent is used for dyeing the water body in the water tank into deep color in advance, a static water body with known water depth is formed in the water tank, the actual water depth represented by the size of one pixel point is determined through photographing and the binaryzation treatment of the picture, and a foundation is laid for the later test;
(4) dividing the water tank into an upstream part and a downstream part by using a gate, adjusting the water level of the upstream part and the downstream part of the water tank to the height required by the test, starting a CCD (charge coupled device) camera for shooting, then instantly lifting the gate by using a motor arranged above the gate to form a dam break flood test, and closing the CCD camera to stop shooting after the water flow evolves to the set time of the test;
(5) converting videos shot by the CCD camera into a picture form by using image processing software, simultaneously taking scales on the scale as the basis of picture cutting, cutting overlapped areas shot by adjacent cameras at the same moment, and splicing into a continuous picture with the scale;
(6) and (4) after the binarization processing is carried out on the obtained picture, reading the total number of black pixel points in each column in the picture, and converting the proportional relation determined in the step (3) to obtain the water level change process along the way.
Furthermore, the left side wall and the right side wall of the V-shaped water tank can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, symmetrical or asymmetrical V-shaped river channels of two river banks are correspondingly simulated, and the included angle between the left side wall and the right side wall of the V-shaped water tank and the ground can be 0-90 degrees (different from 0 degree and 90 degrees).
Further, the video shooting frame rate of the CCD camera is determined according to the test requirement. For example, if the water flow moving speed is high and the data acquisition precision required by the test is high, the corresponding video shooting frame rate should be increased. In the actual test, the relation between the flow rate and the video shooting frame rate of the CCD camera can be adjusted for multiple times so as to better develop the test and obtain data with high precision and strong reliability. And setting the experiment water flow speed according to the river water flow speed acquired according to actual needs. Preferably, the water flow rate is set to 2m/s to 6m/s, and the CCD camera video capture frame rate is selected to be 48fps to 200 fps.
Further, step (4) "time set for test" is 1 minute or 2 minutes; the image processing software used in step (5) is MATLAB.
Further, a VideoReader function in MATLAB software is used to convert the video taken by the CCD camera into a picture form.
Further, the following code is run in MATLAB to crop and merge pictures:
1-for p is 1: d% of total number of read pictures, d is constant, and selection is performed according to the number of actually read pictures
2-E ═ imread ([ 'SYT1', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 1
3-F ═ imread ([ 'SYT2', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 2
4-c1 ═ imcrop (E, [ 00 r n ]); % clipping the picture shot by the camera 1, r is a constant and is selected according to the actual spliced position, and n is the number of columns in the resolution when the camera shoots
5-c2 ═ imcrop (F, [ m-r 0 m n ]); % clipping the picture taken by Camera 2, m being the number of lines in the resolution at the time of camera capture
6-S ═ c1, c 2; % merging the cut pictures 1 and 2
7-imwrite (S, [ 'SYT5', sprintf ('% 03d', p), 'D.jpg' ], 'jpg'); % preservation of the merged pictures
8-end
Further, the following codes are run in MATLAB to carry out binarization processing on the picture and simultaneously read the total number of black pixel points in each column in the picture:
1-n ═ p; % total number of pictures read, p being constant, selected according to the number of pictures actually read
2- for i＝1:n
3-I ═ imread ([ 'SYT5', sprintf ('% 03d', I), 'd.jpg' ]); % read picture
4-B1 ═ im2bw (I, c); % binarization processing is carried out on the picture, c is constant, and the binarization processing is selected according to actual light conditions
15-imwrite (I2, [ 'EZT5', sprintf ('% 03d', I), 'd.jpg' ], 'jpg'); % preserving denoised pictures
16-a ═ sum (I2 ═ 0); % total number of black pixels per column in the calculation graph
17-xlswrite ('a5.xlsx', a,1, [ 'a' num2str (i) ]); % storing data in EXCEL
18- end
In the technical scheme of the invention, picture editing software such as Photoshop and the like can be adopted for cutting and merging the pictures and carrying out binarization processing on the pictures.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the scale may adopt a scale conventionally used for determining a length distance.
The invention provides a test device for collecting water levels on two banks of a V-shaped river channel, which comprises a V-shaped water tank, an openable and closable gate arranged on the section of the water tank, a motor for driving the gate to lift and open and close, a CCD camera arranged outside two side walls of the V-shaped water tank, and a horizontal scale arranged on the side wall of the V-shaped water tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of observation points are arranged on two sides of the outside of the water tank in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the V-shaped water tank, and a CCD camera is arranged at each observation point to shoot water level changes on two banks.
Further, the motor is located 2.5m directly over the gate, and the gate passes through the wheel hub of steel cable and motor and links, utilizes the motor to rotate and drives the transmission of steel cable, further drives the lift of gate, realizes opening and closing of gate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention adopts a non-immersion measuring technology based on image processing, captures the real-time change of water level at both sides of the V-shaped river by arranging CCD cameras at both sides of the V-shaped river, and can obtain the water level change at a fixed position and more importantly the water level change result along the way.
2. Compared with the traditional method, the measurement technology adopted by the invention is convenient to operate, the measurement precision can be continuously optimized according to the performance of the camera, the time precision can be optimized according to the frame rate when the camera shoots, and the water level precision can be improved according to the resolution when the camera shoots.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (a is a front view, B is a top view, and c is a sectional view a-a and a sectional view B-B) for implementing the method for collecting water levels on both banks of a V-shaped river in a laboratory.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of clipping the overlapped regions photographed by the adjacent cameras using a horizontal scale and simultaneously merging the clipped pictures.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of determining a proportional relationship between the size of a single pixel point and an actual water depth.
Fig. 4 shows the water level variation along the way of the left bank actually measured by the acquisition method of the present invention (since the river valley is of a symmetrical body type in the example, the water level variation of the right bank is substantially consistent with that of the left bank, and only the result of the left bank is given here, and the right bank is the same).
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the dam break water flow test in the V-shaped water tank model. The examples given are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention and thus, insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the teachings and concepts of the invention described above are intended to be covered thereby.
Example 1
Dam break rivers through the V type basin are experimental to carry out the collection of V type river course both sides water level change, and used experimental apparatus is as follows:
the device comprises a V-shaped water tank with two symmetrical side walls (simulating a V-shaped river channel with two symmetrical side walls), an openable and closable gate arranged on the section of the water tank, a motor for driving the gate to lift, open and close, and CCD cameras arranged outside the two side walls of the V-shaped water tank, wherein a horizontal direction scale is arranged on the side wall of the V-shaped water tank. A plurality of observation points are arranged on two sides of the outside of the water tank in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the V-shaped water tank, and a CCD camera is arranged at each observation point to shoot water level changes on two banks. The motor is located 2.5m directly over the gate, and the gate passes through the wheel hub of steel cable rope and motor to be linked, utilizes the motor to rotate the transmission of drive steel cable rope, further drives the lift of gate, realizes opening and closing.
The main parameters of the device are as follows:
1. the used water tank is composed of toughened glass supported by a steel skeleton, the total length is 18m, a flat gate (made of glass fiber plates) with the thickness of 15mm is arranged in the water tank, the water tank is divided into a storage area and a gate downstream part, the storage area is 8.37m long, the gate downstream part is 9.63m long, the gate is connected with a motor through a steel cable, dam break flood is formed by a mode of quickly lifting the gate through the motor, the section of the water tank is V-shaped, as shown in figure 1, the positions of a camera and a scale are marked in the figure, the included angle between the side edge of the water tank and the ground is 45 degrees, and in order to guarantee the measuring accuracy, certain coincidence is formed in adjacent positions of areas shot by different cameras.
2. A ruler parallel to the water flow evolution direction is pasted on the inclined surface of the water tank, the CCD camera is parallel to the middle line of the water tank and placed on the side surface of the water tank for shooting, the two sides of the water tank are both arranged, the CCD camera is controlled to be opened and closed in a unified mode through wireless remote control provided by a manufacturer, the resolution ratio used during shooting is 1920 x 1440, and the shooting frequency is 48 fps.
3. The water body in the experiment is dyed into deep color by gentian violet, the picture shot by the CCD camera is cut and spliced by a transverse scale, the cut picture is subjected to noise reduction and binarization processing by a self-written image processing code, the proportional relation between the pixel point size and the water depth needs to be obtained by utilizing the known static water depth before the experiment begins, and as shown in figure 3, EXCEL data changing along the course water level is finally generated according to the proportional relation and stored in a computer.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the water level measurement is performed by using the device for measuring the water level on both sides of the V-shaped river described in embodiment 1, and the steps are as follows in sequence:
(1) injecting a dyeing water body into the water tank, adjusting the water levels of the upstream and downstream to a value required by an experiment (water can be available or unavailable at the downstream of the gate), starting the CCD camera to shoot, and performing binarization processing on a shot water level picture, which is shown in FIG. 3. Firstly, placing 0.24m of water in a water tank, then binarizing the picture, reading the number of black pixel points in a certain vertical column, wherein the number is 120 in this example, and determining the actual water level represented by a single pixel point, namely dividing 0.24 by 120 to obtain the water level represented by the single pixel point.
(3) Starting a CCD camera, starting a motor to quickly lift the gate, closing the CCD camera to stop shooting when the water flow evolves for 2 minutes, and uploading the video stored in the CCD camera to a computer;
(4) converting a shot video into a picture form of each frame by using a VideoReader function in MATLAB, cutting overlapped areas shot by adjacent cameras by using an MATLAB program 1, and merging the cut pictures, wherein a schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 2, ① and ② in the diagram respectively represent picture ranges shot by the two adjacent cameras, and ③ represents a shot picture after merging;
(5) and (3) then, carrying out noise reduction and binarization processing on the picture by using a self-written MATLAB program 2, and then converting into a corresponding water level height by using the proportional relation between the pixel size and the actual water depth determined in the step (2), thereby obtaining the water level change along the bank.
The programmed program can read the pixel information of each column in each picture in a circulating way, convert the result into EXCEL data and store the EXCEL data in the computer, and draw a change curve along the water level according to the obtained data, as shown in FIG. 4 (with the gate as the origin of coordinates, the reservoir area as a negative value, and the downstream of the gate as a positive value, and as the test water tank is of a symmetrical body type, the result only gives one side).
1-for p equals 1: 480% of total number of pictures read
2-E ═ imread ([ 'SYT1', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 1
3-F ═ imread ([ 'SYT2', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 2
4-c1 ═ imcrop (E, [ 0018411440 ]); % clipping of pictures taken by Camera 1
5-c2 ═ imcrop (F, [ 79019201440 ]); % clipping of pictures taken by Camera 2
6-S ═ c1, c 2; % merging the cut pictures 1 and 2
7-imwrite (S, [ 'SYT5', sprintf ('% 03d', p), 'D.jpg' ], 'jpg'); % preservation of the merged pictures
8-end
1-n-480; % total number of read pictures
2- for i＝1:n
3-I ═ imread ([ 'SYT5', sprintf ('% 03d', I), 'd.jpg' ]); % read picture
4-B1 ═ im2bw (I, 0.2); % binarization processing of picture
15-imwrite (I2, [ 'EZT5', sprintf ('% 03d', I), 'd.jpg' ], 'jpg'); % preserving denoised pictures
16-a ═ sum (I2 ═ 0); % total number of black pixels in each column of the calculation graph
17-xlswrite ('a5.xlsx', a,1, [ 'a' num2str (i) ]); % storing data in EXCEL
18- end
The water level change conditions of two banks of a V-shaped river in a laboratory can be conveniently, quickly and accurately obtained through the conventional non-immersion image processing method, the water level change characteristics of fixed positions can be obtained by the method, and the water level changes of the two banks along the way can also be obtained simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. A laboratory collection method for water levels along the way of two banks of a V-shaped river comprises the following process steps:
(1) a plurality of observation points are arranged on two sides of the outside of the water tank in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the V-shaped water tank, and a CCD camera is arranged at each observation point to shoot water level changes on two banks;
(2) a ruler which is parallel to the axis of the water tank is arranged on the side wall of the water tank in the shooting area of each CCD camera and is used for determining the evolution distance of the water flow and the horizontal width range shot by each CCD camera;
(3) in order to facilitate the binaryzation treatment of the picture in the later stage, a coloring agent is used for dyeing a water body in a water tank into a deep color in advance, a static water body with known water depth is formed in the water tank, and the proportion relation between the actual water depth and pixel points arranged in the vertical direction is determined through photographing and binaryzation treatment of the picture;
(4) dividing the water tank into an upstream part and a downstream part by using a gate, adjusting the water level of the upstream part and the downstream part of the water tank to the height required by the test, starting a CCD (charge coupled device) camera for shooting, then instantly lifting the gate by using a motor arranged above the gate to form a dam break flood test, and closing the CCD camera to stop shooting after the water flow evolves to the set time of the test;
(5) converting videos shot by the CCD camera into a picture form by using image processing software, simultaneously taking scales on the scale as the basis of picture cutting, cutting overlapped areas shot by adjacent cameras at the same moment, and splicing into a continuous picture with the scale;
(6) and (4) after the binarization processing is carried out on the obtained picture, reading the total number of the pixel points in each vertical column in the picture, and converting the proportional relation determined in the step (3) to obtain the water level change process along the way.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the V-shaped channel has symmetrical or asymmetrical left and right sidewalls to simulate a symmetrical or asymmetrical V-shaped channel on two banks.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the angle between the left and right side walls of the V-shaped water tank and the ground is 0-90 ° and is not 0 ° or 90 °.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the water flow rate is 2m/s to 6m/s and the CCD camera video capture frame rate is 48fps to 200 fps.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (5) is performed by converting the video captured by the CCD camera into a picture format using a VideoReader function in MATLAB software.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the following codes are run in MATLAB to read the number of vertical black pixel points of the binarized picture:
7. the method of claim 1, wherein the "test set time" of step (4) is 1 minute or 2 minutes.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the following code is run in MATLAB to crop and merge the pictures:
1-for p is 1: d% of total number of read pictures, d is constant, and selection is performed according to the number of actually read pictures
2-E ═ imread ([ 'SYT1', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 1
3-F ═ imread ([ 'SYT2', sprintf ('% 03d', p), '. jpg' ]); % read pictures taken by camera 2
4-c1 ═ imcrop (E, [ 00 r n ]); % clipping the picture shot by the camera 1, r is a constant and is selected according to the actual spliced position, and n is the number of columns in the resolution when the camera shoots
5-c2 ═ imcrop (F, [ m-r 0 m n ]); % clipping the picture taken by Camera 2, m being the number of lines in the resolution at the time of camera capture
6-S ═ c1, c 2; % merging the cut pictures 1 and 2
7-imwrite (S, [ 'SYT5', sprintf ('% 03d', p), 'D.jpg' ], 'jpg'); % preservation of the merged pictures
8-end。
9. The utility model provides a V type river course both sides water level acquisition test device which characterized in that, includes V type basin, sets up the gate that can open and close at the basin section, and the motor that drive gate lift realized opening and closing to and install the CCD camera in the outside of V type basin both sides wall, be provided with the horizontal scale on the V type basin lateral wall.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein a plurality of observation points are arranged on both sides of the outside of the water tank in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the V-shaped water tank, and a CCD camera is arranged at each observation point to photograph the water level change on both sides.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113358191A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-07 | 四川大学 | Global flood water level real-time monitoring method based on stripe projection structured light |
| CN114782419A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-07-22 | 山东水利建设集团有限公司 | Water conservancy construction gradient detection method |
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