CN110671983A - Presplitting blasting combined charging structure and method - Google Patents
Presplitting blasting combined charging structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110671983A CN110671983A CN201910948619.8A CN201910948619A CN110671983A CN 110671983 A CN110671983 A CN 110671983A CN 201910948619 A CN201910948619 A CN 201910948619A CN 110671983 A CN110671983 A CN 110671983A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention provides a presplitting blasting combined charging structure and a presplitting blasting combined charging method, which comprise at least one formed charging grain and at least one PVC pipe, wherein the charging grain is provided with a plastic shell with two closed ends, the middle part of the charging grain is provided with two detonating cord holes penetrating through the charging grain, two ends of a detonating cord respectively penetrate through the two detonating cord holes of the charging grain in the same direction, and after the charging grain at the lowest end is held, all the charging grains are connected with the PVC pipe in series. The presplitting blasting charge structure provided by the invention is simpler in manufacturing, only the explosive column needs to be customized by a mould, and the charge explosive column is connected with the PVC pipe by the detonating cord, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced; in the charging method, an auxiliary tool is not required to be additionally used, the operation process is more convenient and the cost is lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to presplitting blasting in open bench blasting, in particular to a presplitting blasting combined charging structure and a presplitting blasting combined charging method.
Background
In large-scale hydropower engineering projects and open bench blasting, presplitting blasting is often adopted as a special blasting technology for forming a side slope, and the presplitting blasting technology is mainly used for reducing the damage of explosives to the side slope or a reserved rock body, protecting the integrity of the side slope and further reducing the maintenance cost of the side slope. Generally, the method is realized by using low-power explosive or non-coupling explosive, wherein the non-coupling explosive is divided into radial non-coupling and axial non-coupling, and compared with the common explosive, the non-coupling explosive, particularly the axial non-coupling explosive, has the advantages that extra tools are required, and the construction operation is more complicated.
In the existing presplitting blasting charging process, a cartridge and an explosion wire are generally bound on bamboo chips, wood sticks or other rod-shaped objects for charging, the charging speed is low, the construction is very inconvenient, and the operation is often difficult for a single person. A presplit blasting combined charging method, a charging structure and an auxiliary device (CN109059693A) disclose a presplit blasting combined charging method and a charging structure, but the forming explosive column and the forming spacing column are both required to be customized by a mould and are connected by screw threads, so the whole charging structure is more complex to manufacture; simultaneously, this kind of charge structure needs to use appurtenance fixed at the drill way at the powder charge in-process, then connects one section, just can transfer the hole bottom after connecting the completion, uses sticky tape or ribbon to fix the detonating cord again, and this makes whole powder charge process operation more loaded down with trivial details, and the increase cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the presplit blasting combined charging structure in the prior art is more complex in manufacturing, more complicated in charging process operation, high in cost and high in requirement of additional use of auxiliary tools, the invention aims to provide the presplit blasting combined charging structure which is simpler in manufacturing and has a charging structure; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a presplitting blasting combined charging method which has more convenient charging process, does not need additional auxiliary tools and has lower cost.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a presplit blasting combination loaded constitution, includes at least one shaping powder charge grain and at least one PVC pipe, the powder charge grain has both ends confined plastic casing the middle part of powder charge grain is equipped with two detonating cord holes that run through the powder charge grain, and two detonating cord holes of a detonating cord are passed respectively to the syntropy in the both ends of powder charge grain to hold the powder charge grain of lower extreme after, concatenate all powder charge grains and PVC pipe.
According to the presplitting blasting combined charging structure provided by the invention, two detonating cord holes are formed in the charging grain, and two ends of the detonating cord penetrate through the two detonating cord holes in the charging grain, so that the aim of lowering the charging grain is fulfilled by lowering the detonating cord; the double-hole detonating cord hole can increase the contact area of the detonating cord and the explosive, improve the detonating performance and ensure the reliability of detonating. And after the first section of explosive-filled grain is placed at the bottom of the hole, the PVC pipe or the explosive-filled grain is continuously placed through two ends of the detonating cord, and the process is repeated until the design requirement of the designed uncoupled explosive-filled grain is met. According to the presplitting blasting combined charging structure, only the explosive columns are required to be customized by adopting the die, and the charging explosive columns are connected with the PVC pipe through the detonating cord, so that the whole charging structure is simpler to manufacture, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Furthermore, two energy collecting grooves distributed at 180 degrees are formed in the side wall of each explosive charging column, the energy collecting grooves are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the detonating cord hole, and the central lines of the two energy collecting grooves on all the explosive charging columns are located in the same plane and fixed with the position of the detonating cord hole. In the process of drilling a plurality of structures, the central lines of the energy-gathering grooves of all the devices are positioned in the same plane and are aligned with the central line of the blast hole, so that the effect of energy-gathering jet flow is fully exerted, a complete jet flow surface capable of being jetted is formed, and the purpose of energy-gathering presplitting blasting is achieved.
Further, the energy gathering grooves are U-shaped or V-shaped.
Further, the detonating cord hole and the explosive charging column are separated by inner plastic, and the separation width of the detonating cord hole and the explosive charging column is not more than the minimum detonation distance of the detonating cord detonating explosive. So as to ensure that the detonating cord can detonate the explosive in the explosive charge.
Further, the explosive charging grain is formed by injection molding and packaging of the explosive charging grain. The powder charge grain is formed by injection molding and packaging the explosive grain when in production, and the dense and uniform filling of the explosive is ensured in the powder charge grain when in loading so as to ensure the consistency of each powder charge grain, facilitate the combination and ensure the accurate relative position after the combination.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a presplitting blasting combined charging method adopts the presplitting blasting combined charging structure to carry out uncoupled charging, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, two ends of a detonating cord respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes on the explosive charge column in the same direction, and the explosive charge column is lowered to the bottom of a blast hole by lowering the detonating cord;
(2) and continuously putting the second charge grain or the PVC pipe through two ends of the detonating cord directly, and repeating the steps until the charge is finished.
The presplitting blasting combined charging method provided by the invention utilizes two ends of one detonating cord to respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes on the charging grain in the same direction, so that the purpose of releasing the charging grain can be achieved by releasing the detonating cord, then other charging grains or PVC pipes directly penetrate through two ends of the detonating cord and are released into the holes, and the steps are repeated until the whole assembly reaches the design requirement of designed uncoupled charging. Wherein the explosive charging column and the PVC pipe are connected and fixed through a detonating cord. The explosive loading grain and the PVC pipe can be planned into various diameter specifications and length specifications according to the blasting design requirement, and the explosive loading amount of the explosive loading grain is correspondingly set according to the blasting design requirement, the length specification, the diameter specification and the like. The presplitting blasting combined charging method provided by the invention is more convenient and faster in the actual operation process, the detonating cord can be directly put down to the bottom of the hole after being connected with the first section, the rest part of the detonating cord can be directly put down, no auxiliary tool is additionally used in the whole charging process, and the cost is lower.
Furthermore, before the explosive-filled charge column is placed downwards, the central lines of the two energy gathering grooves are required to be aligned with the connecting line of the blast hole. After the explosive in the explosive charging grain is detonated, high-pressure gas and airflow are sprayed along the initial energy-gathering grooves, the pre-splitting effect is enhanced, and the blasting surface is smoother.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the presplitting blasting charge structure provided by the invention is simpler in manufacturing, only the explosive column needs to be customized by a mould, and the charge explosive column is connected with the PVC pipe by the detonating cord, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced; in the charging method, an auxiliary tool is not required to be additionally used, the operation process is more convenient and the cost is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pre-split blasting composite charge structure formed according to the pre-split blasting charge method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charge column constituting a pre-splitting blasting composite charge structure according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2 of the present invention;
labeled as: 1 explosive charging column, 1a energy gathering groove, 1b explosive, 2PVC pipe, 3 ground, 4 detonating cord and 5 detonating cord holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings, which are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is to be fully understood but also should not be construed as limited thereby.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a presplitting blasting combined charging structure comprises at least one shaped charging grain 1 and at least one PVC pipe 2, wherein the charging grain 1 is provided with a plastic shell with two closed ends, two detonating cord holes 5 penetrating through the charging grain 1 are arranged in the middle of the charging grain 1, and two ends of a detonating cord 4 respectively penetrate through the two detonating cord holes 5 of the charging grain 1 in the same direction so as to serially connect all the charging grains 1 and the PVC pipe 2 after the charging grain 1 at the lowest end is pocketed.
Two energy-gathering grooves 1a distributed in an angle of 180 degrees are formed in the side wall of the explosive-charging grain 1, the energy-gathering grooves 1a are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the detonating cord hole 5, and the central lines of the two energy-gathering grooves 1a on the explosive-charging grain 5 are located in the same plane and fixed with the position of the detonating cord hole 5.
Wherein, the energy gathering groove 1a is U-shaped or V-shaped.
Wherein, the detonating cord hole 5 is separated from the explosive charge 1 by inner plastic, and the separation width is not more than the minimum detonation distance of the detonating cord 4 for detonating the explosive 1 b.
The explosive charging grain 1 is formed by injection molding and packaging of explosive charging grains. The diameter specifications of the explosive-filled grain 1 are phi 32, phi 50, phi 70 and phi 80; the loading specifications are respectively 200g, 500g, 1500g and 2000g, the lengths are respectively 20cm, 30cm and 30cm, and the numbers are respectively 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #; the specification of the PVC pipe 2 is phi 20, phi 25, phi 40 and phi 50, the length of the PVC pipe can be manufactured in advance according to the field requirement, and the PVC pipe is respectively numbered as 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4 #. The specification of the explosive charging column is quantitatively designed according to different blasting designs of a mining area; and then explosive loading is carried out on the explosive charging columns through an explosive factory according to different specifications, and the explosive is required to be ensured to be densely and uniformly filled in the explosive charging columns during loading.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a presplitting blasting combined charging method adopts the presplitting blasting combined charging structure of example 1 to perform uncoupled charging, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, two ends of a detonating cord 4 respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes 5 on the explosive charging column 1 in the same direction, and the explosive charging column 1 is lowered to the bottom of a blast hole by lowering the detonating cord 4;
(2) and continuously putting the second charge grain 1 or the PVC pipe 2 through two ends of the detonating cord 4 directly, and repeating the steps until the charge is finished.
Before the explosive loading column 1 is put down, two energy-gathering grooves 1a need to axially extend in a blast hole and are positioned on the same phase, and the central lines of the two energy-gathering grooves 1a are aligned with the central line of the blast hole.
Next, a practical application of the method of charging of example 2 to the formation of the composite charge structure of example 1 in a blast hole will be described.
Case one: when pre-splitting blasting is carried out in the construction of a dam slope project, the diameter of a blast hole is phi 110mm, the hole distance is 1.2m, the step height is 10m, the hole depth is 10.4m, the inclination angle is 70 degrees, the compressive strength of rock is 140MPa, the designed linear explosive loading density is 830g/m, due to the clamping effect of the hole bottom, the explosive loading density of the hole bottom needs to be increased to 3000g/m, the explosive loading density of an upper weakening section needs to be 500g/m, and the blocking length is 2 m.
Selecting a quantitatively designed presplitting blasting device according to the blasting design, and selecting 6 # 2 charging sections for charging according to the charging density of a reinforced section of 3000g/m and the length of 1.2 m; the normal section charging density is 830g/m, so 2# charging sections and 2# PVC pipes (2) with the length of 40cm are selected as a group for combined charging, the normal section charging length is 6m, and 5 groups are selected; the charge density of the weakening section is 500g/m, so that 1 2# charge grain (1) and 2# PVC pipes (2) with the length of 40cm are selected as a group for combined charging, and the length of the weakening section is 1.2m, so that 1 group is selected.
During charging, firstly, reinforced section charging is carried out, 6 selected No. 2 charging explosive columns (1)1 are charged, two ends of one detonating cord (4) respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes (5) preset in the charging explosive columns (1), and the purpose of lowering the charging explosive columns (1) can be achieved by lowering the detonating cord (4). After the first explosive-filled grain (1) is placed at the bottom of the hole, the other explosive-filled grains (1) can directly pass through the two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are placed downwards into the hole, the explosive-filled grains (1) and the PVC pipe (2) are fixedly connected through the detonating cord (4), and the process is repeated until the charging of the reinforcing section is finished. Before the charge of the explosive column (1) goes down the hole, the central line of the energy gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole.
When the explosive enters a normal section for charging, the selected 5 assembled explosive columns (1) and the PVC pipe (2) respectively pass through two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are put down into the hole. Before the charge of the explosive column (1) goes down the hole, the central line of the energy gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole.
When weakening section powder charging is carried out, 1 selected 2# powder charging grain (1) and 2# PVC pipes (2) with the length of 40cm respectively pass through two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are placed downwards in the hole to carry out powder charging. Before the explosive charging column (1) goes into the hole, the central line of the energy-gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole, so that after the explosive (1b) in the explosive charging column (1) is detonated, high-pressure gas and airflow are ejected along the initial energy-gathering groove (1a), the pre-splitting effect is enhanced, and the blasting surface is smoother.
After the reinforcing section, the normal section and the weakening section are assembled and assembled, the woven bags are placed in the holes before being blocked, the filling section is separated from the blocking section, meanwhile, the tightness of the blast hole is guaranteed, and then rock debris is filled into the hole opening. When the whole device is put into the hole, the single pre-cracked hole charging and blocking process is completed.
And after charging, the detonating cord (4) of the blast hole of the whole explosion area is detonated in a networking way. Experience proves that the pre-splitting blasting combined charging structure and the modular charging mode formed by the method have the advantages that the pre-splitting surface after blasting is smoother than the pre-splitting surface after blasting is constructed by adopting the traditional method, the whole construction time is shortened by about one half, and the labor intensity is low.
Case two: and pre-splitting blasting is carried out when a certain mine boundary is excavated, the diameter of blast holes is phi 160mm, the hole distance is 1.8m, the step height is 15m, the hole depth is 16.5m, and the inclination angle is 75 degrees. The compressive strength of the rock is 200MPa, the calculated linear charge density is 1500g/m, the charge density of the hole bottom needs to be increased to 4500g/m due to the function of hole bottom clamping, the charge density of the upper weakening section is 1000g/m, and the blocking length is 2.5 m.
Selecting 3# shaped explosive loading columns (1) and shaped PVC pipes (2) which are quantitatively designed according to the blasting design, and selecting 3# shaped explosive loading columns (1) and 1# shaped PVC pipe (2) which is 20cm long for combined charging according to the charging density of the reinforcing section of 4500g/m and the length of 1.1 m; the normal section charging density is 1500g/m, so that 1 3# shaped charging grain (1) and 1 3# shaped PVC pipe (2) with the length of 60cm are selected as a group for combined charging, and the normal section charging length is 9.9m, so that 11 groups are selected; the charge density of the weakening section is 1000g/m, so 2 No. 3 shaped charge grains (1) and 4 No. 3 PVC pipes (2) with the length of 60cm are selected for combined charge, and the length of the weakening section is 3 m.
During charging, firstly, reinforced section charging is carried out, 3 selected 3# charging explosive columns (1) and 1 3# forming PVC pipe (2) with the length of 20cm are subjected to combined charging, two ends of one detonating cord (4) respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes (5) preset in the charging explosive columns (1), and the purpose of lowering the charging explosive columns (1) can be achieved by lowering the detonating cord (4). After the first explosive-filled grain (1) is placed at the bottom of the hole, the other explosive-filled grains (1) can directly pass through the two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are placed downwards into the hole, the explosive-filled grains (1) and the PVC pipe (2) are fixedly connected through the detonating cord (4), and the process is repeated until the charging of the reinforcing section is finished. Before the charge of the explosive column (1) goes down the hole, the central line of the energy gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole.
When the explosive enters a normal section for charging, the selected 11 assembled explosive columns and the PVC pipe (2) respectively pass through two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are placed downwards in the hole. Before the charge of the explosive column (1) goes down the hole, the central line of the energy gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole.
When weakening section powder charging is carried out, 2 selected 3# powder charging grains (1) and 4 3# PVC pipes (2) with the length of 60cm respectively pass through two ends of the detonating cord (4) and are placed downwards in the hole to carry out powder charging. Before the explosive charging column (1) goes into the hole, the central line of the energy-gathering groove (1a) of the device needs to be aligned with the central line of the blast hole, so that after the explosive (1b) in the explosive charging column (1) is detonated, high-pressure gas and airflow are ejected along the initial energy-gathering groove (1a), the pre-splitting effect is enhanced, and the blasting surface is smoother.
After the reinforcing section, the normal section and the weakening section are assembled and assembled, the woven bags are placed in the holes before being blocked, the filling section is separated from the blocking section, meanwhile, the tightness of the blast hole is guaranteed, and then rock debris is filled into the hole opening. When the whole device is put into the hole, the single pre-cracked hole charging and blocking process is completed.
And after charging, the detonating cord (4) of the blast hole of the whole explosion area is detonated in a networking way. Experience shows that when the presplitting blasting combined charging structure and the presplitting blasting combined charging method provided by the invention are used for construction, the presplitting surface after blasting is smoother than that of construction by adopting a traditional method, the whole construction time is shortened by one half, and each constructor obviously feels that the labor intensity is greatly reduced.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a presplit blasting combination loaded constitution, includes at least one shaping powder charge grain (1) and at least one PVC pipe (2), powder charge grain (1) has both ends confined plastic casing, its characterized in that the middle part of powder charge grain (1) is equipped with two detonating cord holes (5) that run through powder charge grain (1), and two that the both ends syntropy of detonating cord (4) passed powder charge grain (1) are detonating cord hole (5) respectively to lodge powder charge grain (1) of lower extreme after, concatenate all powder charge grains (1) and PVC pipe (2).
2. The presplitting blasting composite charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that two energy-gathering grooves (1a) distributed in 180 degrees are formed on the side wall of the charge column (1), the energy-gathering grooves (1a) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the detonating cord hole (5), and the central lines of the two energy-gathering grooves (1a) on all the charge columns (1) are positioned in the same plane and fixed with the position of the detonating cord hole (5).
3. The pre-split blast combination charge construction according to claim 2, characterized in that the shaped trough (1a) is U-shaped or V-shaped.
4. A pre-split blasting composite charge construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the detonating cord hole (5) is spaced from the charge column (1) by an inner plastic material with a width not greater than the minimum detonation distance of detonating cord (4) for detonating explosive (1 b).
5. The presplitting blasting composite charge construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the charge grains (1) are formed by injection moulding of the charge grains.
6. A pre-splitting blasting combined charging method is characterized in that the pre-splitting blasting combined charging structure of any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted for non-coupled charging, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, two ends of a detonating cord (4) respectively penetrate through two detonating cord holes (5) on the explosive charging column (1) in the same direction, and the explosive charging column (1) is lowered to the bottom of a blast hole by lowering the detonating cord (4);
(2) and continuously putting the second charge grain (1) or the PVC pipe (2) through two ends of the detonating cord (4) directly downwards, and repeating the steps until the charge is finished.
7. The presplitting blasting combined charging method according to claim 6, characterized in that before the charging grain (1) is put down, the central lines of two energy-gathering grooves (1a) are aligned with the central line of a blast hole.
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| CN110823032A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Presplitting blasting multi-density adjusting charging structure and method |
| CN113357983A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 北京工业大学 | Assembled deep hole energy-gathering water pressure blasting device and using method thereof |
| CN113418425A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-21 | 北京工业大学 | Splicing energy-gathering water seal blasting device and using method thereof |
| CN114858023A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-05 | 青岛理工大学 | Gun stick device and method for placing symmetrical detonating fuse initiating explosive columns |
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