CN111486759A - One-time controlled blasting demolition method for elevator shaft outside dam body - Google Patents
One-time controlled blasting demolition method for elevator shaft outside dam body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111486759A CN111486759A CN202010440289.4A CN202010440289A CN111486759A CN 111486759 A CN111486759 A CN 111486759A CN 202010440289 A CN202010440289 A CN 202010440289A CN 111486759 A CN111486759 A CN 111486759A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/02—Particular applications of blasting techniques for demolition of tall structures, e.g. chimney stacks
Abstract
The invention relates to a safe and efficient construction method for blasting and demolishing an elevator well outside a dam body, which is characterized in that the whole elevator well outside the dam body is blasted and demolished at one time, and the blasting technical scheme is composed of a hole distribution technology, a charge technology and a detonation network connection technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete blasting demolition, in particular to a blasting demolition control construction method for an elevator shaft outside a dam body.
Background
Blasting demolition technology is a main means for demolishing large buildings, and plays an important role in social construction and economic development. The controlled blasting demolition technology is a blasting technology for controlling the public hazards such as scattered matters, earthquakes, air shock waves, smoke dust, noise and the like generated by the explosion of explosives in a blasted object in the engineering blasting process by a certain technical means. The contents required for controlling blasting are as follows:
1. controlling the blasting range, only destroying the blasted part, and keeping the integrity of the rest parts;
2. the direction of the building toppling after blasting;
3. controlling the distance of the flying objects generated during blasting;
4. intensity of air shock waves and noise.
In the construction of demolishing the concrete gravity dam, the elevator shaft outside the dam body is demolished at the outside of gravity dam first, and the elevator shaft outside the dam body is higher from the ground, and the three faces are empty, and the used concrete of elevator shaft is reinforced concrete, and intensity is higher, adopts the method of layer demolition to the elevator shaft outside the dam body at present more, has following problem:
(1) the construction procedures such as blast hole forming operation, blast hole charging, connection blasting network and the like are required to be carried out for multiple times, the more layering is, the more manpower and material resources are consumed, the greater safety risk is, and the delay of the construction period is possibly caused.
(2) After each layer of blasting is finished, blasting surface slag removal is needed, then next layer of blasting operation is carried out, the working procedure of blasting surface slag removal is added, time and labor are wasted, and construction cost is increased.
(3) As the building time is long and the strength and the like of the wall body of the elevator well outside the dam body cannot be pre-controlled, after the previous layer is demolished by blasting, the influence of blasting impact on the next layer of concrete is uncertain, the integrity of the next layer of concrete is possibly influenced, the next layer of blasting cannot be continued, and the wall body is demolished by artificial machinery, so that the demolishing time and the labor intensity of workers are greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of layered demolition of the conventional dam external elevator shaft and provides a safe and efficient dam external elevator shaft one-time control blasting demolition method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a one-time controlled blasting demolition method for the elevator shaft outside the dam body, which is characterized in that the one-time blasting demolition method is adopted for the whole elevator shaft outside the dam body, and the method is a hole distribution and charging method for the connection part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body; arranging holes and charging medicine on the wall body of the elevator shaft outside the dam body; the detonation network connection method comprises three parts:
1.1. the hole distribution and charge method of the connection part of the dam body outer elevator shaft and the dam body comprises the following steps:
1.1.1 selection of blast hole diameter: vertically drilling holes on the surface of the elevator shaft outside the dam body from top to bottom by using a drilling machine, wherein the aperture d is 75-100 mm;
1.1.2 borehole depth determination: the actual height of the elevator shaft outside the dam body is H (the distance from the dam face to the bottom after the elevator machine room above the elevator shaft is mechanically removed), the blast hole is ultra-deep H, and the drilling depth H of the blast hole is determined1H + H, blast hole ultra-deep: h ═ 0.2-0.3) W, W being the line of least resistance;
1.1.3 determination of the drug consumption per well K: firstly, determining the concrete strength grade, corresponding to the rock category, and then checking a loosening explosive package K value corresponding to a unit dosage K value table 2 in a blasting site K value determining method table. The K value of the blast holes in the last row should be 0.1kg/m greater than that of the blast holes in the previous row3-0.3kg/m3In order to generate blasting thrust larger than loosening blasting, the aim of blasting separation of the elevator shaft and the dam body is finally achieved;
1.1.4 determining the position of the blast hole: row spacing a and spacing b are initially determined: when the thickness D of the connection part of the elevator shaft and the dam outside the dam body1When the distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, a single row of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the elevator shaft, the distance between the center of each blast hole and the adjacent empty edge is row distance a, and a is (0.5-0.8) D1The distance between the centers of the blast holes on the two sides and the adjacent empty edges on the two sides is equal to the row pitch a, after the two edge holes are determined, the blast holes in the middle are arranged at equal intervals b, and the b/a is 1.0-1.3; when 1.5m < D1When the distance between the center of the blast hole in the front row and the adjacent empty edge is a, two rows of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the blast hole elevator shaft when the distance is less than 3.5m11.2-1.5m, the distance between the centers of blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides and the row pitch a1After two side holes are determined, arranging the blast holes in the middle at equal intervals b, and when a plurality of rows of blast holes are arranged, setting b/a to be 1.5-2.0; the row distance a between the second row and the first row21.2-1.5m, the second row and the first row are distributed in a vertical row;
1.1.5 Single-hole charge Qn calculation: drawing a blasting grid graph, wherein the blasting grid is rectangular, the central connecting line of one row of holes of the single row of blast holes is one straight edge of the rectangle, the central lines of two adjacent holes are the other straight edges of the rectangle, the other two straight edges of the blast holes on two sides are respectively blank faces, and the other two straight edges of the middle hole are respectively blank faces and the central lines of two adjacent holes on the other side; the grid pattern of the first row of holes of the double rows of blast holes is the same as that of the single row of blast holes, the second row and the first row are in a linear row, the two sides of the blasting grid, which are perpendicular to one straight edge of the rectangle respectively by connecting the centers of the second row and the first row, are the same as those of the first row, and the blasting rectangular grid is used as the single-hole blasting square VnBasis of calculation of (V)n＝SnH, determining single-hole blasting square amount, wherein the single-tube explosive amount value is fixed in the actual construction process, and calculating QnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnMaximum approach to the value of K, VnIs the volume of the corresponding grid.
1.1.6 selecting yellow mud as blast hole blocking object, wherein the blocking length is in direct proportion to the diameter of the blast hole and in inverse proportion to the unit consumption of explosive, and referring to the value in table 1 in 'calculation of the blocking length of the blast hole', the blocking length of the loosened blast hole LsThe theoretical range is 1.5m-2.0m, and if the calculated length of the single-hole medicament plus the blocking length is larger than H, the distances a and b between the blast holes need to be selected again;
1.2. dam bodyThe method for distributing and charging the holes in the wall body of the outer elevator shaft comprises the following steps: the thickness of the wall of the elevator shaft is D2，D2Setting blast holes in the wall in the size of 0.6m or less, setting D2 in the size of 0.6m or more and 2.5m or less, drilling 1-2 blast holes in the center of the wall, and in the case of 2 blast holes, distributing two blast holes in central symmetry, and blasting in single hole in the amount of Vn＝D2 2*H。
Calculating the single-hole loading QnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnMaximally approaching the K value; the drilling depth, the drilling aperture, the unit drug consumption K value and the blockage length are determined as above;
1.3. the detonation network connection method comprises the following steps: the initiation network adopts an economical and practical non-electric millisecond detonator initiation network, the detonating cord is initiated, and the detonating cord adopts multiple connection (equivalent to U-shaped connection). The mode of connecting the priming network is millisecond differential blasting among holes, 1 ms15 sections of detonators (one of which is prevented from being damaged) are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top in the holes, the time delay is 880ms, and the lead-out of a detonator leg wire is connected with a main wire to the adjacent holes at the same section. The indirect hole force detonators are detonated by adopting a firing gun with the delay time of 25ms and the delay time of 2 ms2 sections. The initiation sequence is as follows: firstly, detonating the explosives in the wall body simultaneously, and then sequentially detonating the explosives at the connecting part from right to left or from left to right. The blasting network connection is completed, and the maximum single-shot dose Q is calculatednMust be less than QS，QSTo allow for maximum single dose.
The dam external elevator well is rectangular, and is divided into two different blasting units at the connecting part of the dam external elevator well and the dam and the wall body (three surfaces) of the dam external elevator well. When the wall thickness of the elevator shaft is thin, the factors of drilling precision, too high elevator shaft, possible perforation and the like are considered, the elevator shaft dismantling device is only suitable for dismantling the elevator shaft with the H being less than or equal to 20m, the elevator shaft dismantling device can drill, charge and detonate at one time, the time spent is short, blast hole drilling operation and blast surface slag removal are not needed for multiple times, and the elevator shaft dismantling device is safe and efficient. The explosive force is dispersed to the periphery, and the single-hole explosive charge Q is calculated at the joint part of the elevator well and the dam body outside the dam bodynThe distance between blast holes and the adjacent hollow edge is taken as the basis, and when holes are distributed in the wall body of the elevator shaft outside the dam body, the thickness of the wall body is far smaller than the length of the wall body, and the single-hole charge Q is calculatednThe thickness of the wall is taken as the basis.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: step 1.1.5 Single hole Loading QnDrawing a blasting grid diagram in the calculation, and determining the thickness D of the connection part of the elevator well and the dam body outside the dam body1When the distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, a single row of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the elevator shaft, the distance between the center of each blast hole and the adjacent empty edge is the row distance a of (0.5-0.8) D1The distance between the centers of the blast holes on the two sides and the adjacent empty edges on the two sides is equal to the row pitch a, and after the two edge holes are determined, the blast holes in the middle are arranged at equal intervals b; when M is more than 1.5M and less than 3.5M, two rows of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the blast hole elevator shaft, and the row distance a between the center of the blast hole in the front row and the adjacent empty edge11.2-1.5m, the distance between the centers of blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides and the row pitch a1After two side holes are determined, arranging the blast holes in the middle at equal intervals b; the row distance a between the second row and the first row21.2-1.5m, the second row being arranged in a vertical row with the first row.
The diameter d of the blast hole is 76mm or 90 mm. From blasting economic effect and powder charge construction, big more powder charge of big gun hole aperture is more, and single hole blasting square volume is more, and big more powder charge of big gun hole diameter is also more convenient, and should not take place the hole blocking phenomenon. From the blasting effect, the smaller the bore diameter of the blast hole is, the more uniform the distribution of the explosives in the blast hole is, and the better the blasting effect is.
Determining the unit consumption K: when the connecting part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body is provided with a plurality of rows of blast holes, the K value of the last row of blast holes is 0.1kg/m larger than that of the previous row of blast holes3-0.3kg/m3And finally, the aim of blasting separation of the elevator shaft and the dam body is fulfilled in order to generate blasting thrust larger than loosening blasting.
A blast hole tool: the drilling is generally carried out by a hydraulic drilling machine or a high wind pressure drilling machine.
W is equal to the minimum of explosive to face, i.e. the minimum of hole spacing, row spacing and plugging.
The ultra-deep of the blast hole is calculated according to an empirical formula: h is (0.2-0.3) W, W is the minimum resistance line, and the larger value of the reinforced concrete coefficient is 0.3.
The method for arranging holes and charging the powder in the wall body of the elevator shaft outside the dam body comprises the following steps: the wall of the elevator shaft is thin, generally in the range of 0.6m-2.5m, and if the thickness of the wall is less than 0.6m, the arrangement of blast holes is not considered. Considering the influence of blasting scattered objects on surrounding building groups and the collision between the elevator shaft and the ground after falling, the whole wall body is not required to be subjected to loosening blasting, and only 1 to 2 blast holes are required to be arranged in the middle of each wall body. The depth of the drilled hole, the aperture of the drilled hole, the K value of the unit consumption dosage and the blocking length determine the connection part between the elevator well and the dam body outside the same dam body.
The invention has the advantages that: the whole elevator shaft outside the dam body is demolished by one-time blasting, so that the working procedures of multiple blast hole drilling operation, blast hole charging, blasting network connection and the like are avoided, and the efficiency is improved. The rear of the elevator shaft is generally provided with a newly-built dam, a factory building or other buildings, the detonation sequence adopted by the technical scheme is in the left-right direction instead of the front-back direction, and the damage of blasting scattered objects is reduced. The bottom and the top in the hole are respectively provided with 1 ms15 sections of detonators, the time delay is 880ms, two ms15 sections of detonators are arranged (one of the detonators is prevented from being damaged), the ms2 sections (2) are selected as indirect force detonators in the hole, the time delay is 25ms, kinetic energy generated by blasting can be better utilized, and the blasting effect is optimal. And a blasting grid diagram is drawn, so that the required dosage can be calculated more accurately. Explosives are also arranged in the three walls on the outer side, so that the inner part of the wall is loosened by blasting, and the elevator shaft can be broken into small pieces after falling, thereby facilitating later slag removal and transportation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hole site arrangement of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of blasting charge at the junction between the elevator shaft and the dam body
FIG. 3 is the structure diagram of the explosive charge inside the wall of the elevator shaft outside the dam
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the arrangement of the blasting initiation network of the elevator shaft outside the dam body
Wherein: 1 dam body external elevator well and dam body connecting part, 2 dam body external elevator well wall body, 3 blast holes, 4 explosive rolls, 5 detonating cords, 6 bamboo chips, 7 detonating detonators and 8 blast hole plugging.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings, which illustrate examples that enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1, as shown in fig. 1, the dimensions (in meters) of the dam outer elevator shaft are: the height is 16, the thickness of the connection part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body is 2.28, the thickness of three wall bodies of the elevator shaft outside the dam body is 0.9, 1.5 and 1.5 respectively, and the size of the middle rectangular elevator shaft is as follows: 5.05 x 6, demolish it, the invention demolish the ladder well outside the dam body in one-step blasting integrally, it is 1 cloth hole, charge method by the ladder well outside the dam body and dam body junction specifically; arranging holes and charging a charge method on the wall body 2 of the elevator shaft outside the dam body; the detonation network connection method comprises three parts:
1.1. the hole distribution and charge method of the connection part of the dam body outer elevator shaft and the dam body comprises the following steps:
1.1.1 selection of blast hole diameter: vertical drilling is carried out on the surface of an elevator shaft outside the dam body from top to bottom by using a drilling machine, the aperture d is 75-100 mm, the size of the existing drill bit is selected, a hydraulic drilling machine is used for drilling, and the diameter d of a blast hole 3 is 90 mm;
1.1.2 drilling depth: blast hole drilling depth H1The calculation formula is as follows:
H1＝H+h (1)
the H-actual height of the elevator shaft outside the dam body is generally the distance from the dam face to the bottom after the elevator machine room above the elevator shaft is mechanically removed, H-blast holes are ultra-deep, the H-blast holes are used for overcoming the chassis resistance, the exploded chassis is relatively flat, the root bottom is prevented from being generated, H is (0.2-0.3) W, the reinforced concrete coefficient is 0.3, W is equal to the minimum value from explosives to the adjacent empty face, namely the minimum value of the hole distance row distance and blockage, Z-type holes W is 0.45m-0.75m, H of Z-type holes is uniformly 0.1m, W of T-type holes is 1.2m, and H of T-type holes is 0.3 m.
1.1.3 determination of the drug consumption per well K: firstly, determining concrete strength grade and corresponding rock category, and then checking a method for determining unit dosage K value at blasting site (method for determining unit dosage value at blasting site) (road method)1965, 10) table 2, the strength grade of the reinforced concrete in the elevator shaft is R28300D300, the strength is about IX for the rock grade, and the K value of the loose explosive bag corresponding to the K value table 2 in the K value table for unit dosage in the blasting site is 0.60kg/m3Best left and right blasting effect, T1The unit consumption K of blast hole is 0.60kg/m3，T2K value stress ratio T of blast hole array1The K value of the blast hole is 0.1kg/m greater3-0.3kg/m3In order to generate blasting thrust larger than loosening blasting and finally achieve the aim of blasting separation of the elevator shaft and the dam body, T2The K value of the blast hole is 0.8kg/m3；
1.1.4 thickness D of the connection part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body1When the distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, a single row of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the elevator shaft, the distance between the center of each blast hole and the adjacent empty edge is row distance a, and a is (0.5-0.8) D1The distance between the centers of the blast holes on the two sides and the adjacent empty edges on the two sides is equal to the row pitch a, after the two edge holes are determined, the blast holes in the middle are arranged at equal intervals b, and the b/a is 1.0-1.3; when 1.5m < D1When the distance between the center of the blast hole in the front row and the adjacent empty edge is a, two rows of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the blast hole elevator shaft when the distance is less than 3.5m11.2-1.5m, the distance between the centers of blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides and the row pitch a1After two side holes are determined, arranging the blast holes in the middle at equal intervals b, and when a plurality of rows of blast holes are arranged, setting b/a to be 1.5-2.0; the row distance a between the second row and the first row21.2-1.5m, the second row and the first row are distributed in a vertical row; invention D1The thickness is 2.28, the blast holes are arranged in a rectangular form and are arranged in 2 rows, the blast holes with the numbers of T in the figure are the blast holes at the connecting part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body, the preliminary planned hole row distance a is in the range of 1.1m-1.2m, and the total number of the blast holes is 8. Because the connection part of the elevator shaft and the dam body outside the dam body is provided with a large number of inserted bars, and the row spacing a is selected to be 1.2m, the second row of holes are positioned in the dam body, so that the connection steel bars can be damaged, and the elevator shaft and the dam body can be separated. Column spacing selection: the whole width is 8.4 m, the distance between the first holes at two sides, namely the 1 st and 4 th row holes in the figure and the blank edge is equal to the row distance a, 1.2m, and the rest holesThe other 2 blast holes are distributed at equal intervals of 6 meters, and the distance b is 2 m.
1.1.5 Single-hole charge Qn calculation: drawing a blasting grid graph, wherein the blasting grid is rectangular, the central connecting line of one row of holes of the single row of blast holes is one straight edge of the rectangle, the central lines of two adjacent holes are the other straight edges of the rectangle, the other two straight edges of the blast holes on two sides are respectively blank faces, and the other two straight edges of the middle hole are respectively blank faces and the central lines of two adjacent holes on the other side; the grid pattern of the first row of holes of the double rows of blast holes is the same as that of the single row of blast holes, the second row and the first row are in a linear row, the two sides of the blasting grid, which are perpendicular to one straight edge of the rectangle respectively by connecting the centers of the second row and the first row, are the same as those of the first row, and the blasting rectangular grid is used as the single-hole blasting square VnBasis of calculation of (V)n＝SnH, calculating the square quantity Q of single-hole blastingnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnMaximum approach to the value of K, VnIs the volume of the corresponding grid. The specific data are shown in Table 1.
The hole distribution and charge method in the wall body 2 of the elevator shaft outside the dam body comprises the following steps: the thickness of the wall of the elevator shaft is D2，D2Setting blast holes at 0.6m or less, and setting D at 0.6m or more2Less than or equal to 2.5m, drilling 1-2 blast holes in the center of the wall, and when the number of the blast holes is 2, distributing two blast holes in central symmetry, and blasting single hole to obtain a square Vn＝D2 2H, calculating the square quantity Q of single-hole blastingnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnThe maximum approach to the K value. The drilling depth, the drilling aperture, the unit drug consumption K value and the blockage length are determined as above;
the thickness of the three walls of the elevator shaft outside the dam body is respectively 0.9, 1.5 and 1.5, and the size of the middle rectangular elevator shaft is as follows: 5.05 x 6, the blast hole of serial number Z class is the blast hole in the elevator shaft wall, and the position of every wall middle part arranges 1 to 2 big gun holes, totally 4.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the structure of the medicine-loading structure in the method scheme provided by the invention. As a large number of inserting ribs are arranged at the connecting parts of the elevator shaft and the dam body outside the dam body, the unit consumption of the blast hole design of the T2-1-4 rows is increased by 0.1kg/m3-0.3kg/m on the basis of the T1-1-4 rows3To produce specific loosening blastingAnd the aim of blasting separation of the elevator shaft and the dam body is finally fulfilled by larger blasting thrust. The single-hole loading calculation formula is as follows:
the explosive quantity (kg) of a single hole is K (kg/m)3)*H(m)*VA single hole(m3) (2)
Blast hole charges are as in table 1:
TABLE 1 blasting hole charging situation table
| Number of holes | Hole distance (m) | Spacing (m) | H(m) | Unit consumption (kg/m)3) | Explosive quantity (kg) |
| T1-1 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 16.0 | 0.60 | 25.5 |
| T1-2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 16.0 | 0.63 | 24.0 |
| T1-3 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 16.0 | 0.63 | 24.0 |
| T1-4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 16.0 | 0.60 | 25.5 |
| T2-1 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 16.0 | 0.78 | 33.0 |
| T2-2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 16.0 | 0.78 | 30.0 |
| T2-3 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 16.0 | 0.78 | 30.0 |
| T2-4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 16.0 | 0.78 | 33.0 |
| Z1-1 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 16.0 | 0.62 | 2 |
| Z1-2 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 16.0 | 0.56 | 5 |
| Z1-3 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 16.0 | 0.56 | 5 |
| Z1-4 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 16.0 | 0.56 | 5 |
1.1.6 yellow mud is selected as a blast hole blockage, the blockage length is in direct proportion to the diameter of a blast hole and in inverse proportion to the unit consumption of explosive, and the value of the loose blast hole blockage length L is shown in table 1 by referring to the calculation of the blockage length of the blast hole (12 months 1999 of No. 4 in 19 th ticket of mining and metallurgy engineering)sTheory of the inventionThe range is 1.5m-2.0m, and if the calculated length of the single-hole medicament plus the blocking length is larger than H, the distances a and b between the blast holes need to be selected again;
the explosive can be selected from phi 60 (single-tube explosive quantity is 1.5kg, single-tube length is 46.5cm) and phi 32 (single-tube explosive quantity is 0.2kg, single-tube length is 24.5cm) colloidal emulsion explosive cartridge 4, and adopting non-coupling charging, it can reduce explosion initial pressure, reduce over-pulverization and increase throwing power ratiosThe blast holes of three walls of the elevator shaft outside the dam body are phi 32 colloidal emulsion explosive cartridges which are double-strand detonating cords 5, the cartridges are bound by bamboo chips 6 and loaded at intervals, a ms15 section detonating primer 7 is respectively installed at the upper part and the lower part of each blast hole, yellow mud is selected as a plugging material for the good blasting effect of the explosive, the blast holes are plugged, and 2m is taken from 8 s of plugged blast holes, wherein the length of the plugged blast holes is L s.
As shown in fig. 4, the invention provides a method scheme in which the detonating network is arranged. The initiation network adopts an economical and practical non-electric millisecond detonator initiation network, the detonating cord is initiated, and the detonating cord adopts multiple connection (equivalent to U-shaped connection). The mode of connecting the priming network is millisecond differential blasting among holes, 1 ms15 sections of detonators (one of which is prevented from being damaged) are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top in the holes, the time delay is 880ms, and the lead-out of a detonator leg wire is connected with a main wire to the adjacent holes at the same section. The indirect hole force detonators are detonated by adopting a firing gun with the delay time of 25ms and the delay time of 2 ms2 sections. The initiation sequence is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly detonating explosives in a wall body simultaneously (after a firing gun is fired, Z1-1- -Z1-4 are detonated simultaneously in 905 ms), then detonating the explosives at a connecting part sequentially from right to left, and detonating the explosives with two holes simultaneously (T1-4 and T2-4 in 930ms, T1-3 and T2-3 in 955ms, T1-2 and T2-2 in 980ms, and T1-1 and T2-1 in 1005 ms). The maximum single-shot dose Q of the priming network163.0kg, the types of surrounding protective buildings including switch station, factory building, hydropower station, central control room, etc., the distance from the explosion point is about 120m, the minimum allowable vibration speed is determined to be 0.5cm/s, and the maximum allowable single-sound medicine quantity Q is calculatedS＝139kg，Satisfy Q1＜QS。
Claims (7)
1. A one-time controlled blasting demolition method for an elevator shaft outside a dam body is characterized in that the one-time blasting demolition method is adopted for the whole elevator shaft outside the dam body, and a hole distribution and charging method is adopted for the connection part of the elevator shaft outside the dam body and the dam body; arranging holes and charging medicine on the wall body of the elevator shaft outside the dam body; the detonation network connection method comprises three parts:
1.1. the hole distribution and charge method of the connection part of the dam body outer elevator shaft and the dam body comprises the following steps:
1.1.1 selection of blast hole diameter: vertically drilling holes on the surface of the elevator shaft outside the dam body from top to bottom by using a drilling machine, wherein the aperture d is 75-100 mm;
1.1.2 borehole depth determination: the actual height of the elevator shaft outside the dam body is H, the distance from the dam face to the bottom and the blast hole depth are determined, and the blast hole drilling depth H is determined1H + H, blast hole ultra-deep: h = (0.2-0.3) W, W is the least resistant line;
1.1.3 determination of the drug consumption per well K: firstly, determining the strength grade of concrete, corresponding to the rock type, then checking a loosened explosive package K value corresponding to a unit explosive consumption K value table in a table 2 in a method for determining a unit explosive consumption K value at a blasting site, carrying out thin film blasting on the top of the bottom of the;
1.1.4 determining the position of the blast hole: row spacing a and spacing b are initially determined: when the thickness D of the connection part of the elevator shaft and the dam outside the dam body1When the distance is less than or equal to 1.5m, a single row of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the elevator shaft, the distance between the center of each blast hole and the adjacent empty edge is row distance a, a = (0.5-0.8) D1The distance between the centers of the blast holes on the two sides and the adjacent empty edges on the two sides is equal to the row pitch a, after the two edge holes are determined, the blast holes in the middle are arranged at equal intervals b, and b/a = 1.0-1.3; when 1.5m < D1When the distance between the center of the blast hole in the front row and the adjacent empty edge is a, two rows of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the blast hole elevator shaft when the distance is less than 3.5m11.2-1.5m, the distance between the centers of blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides and the row pitch a1After two side holes are definedThe middle blast holes are arranged at equal intervals b, and when a plurality of rows of blast holes are arranged, b/a = 1.5-2.0; the row distance a between the second row and the first row21.2-1.5m, the second row and the first row are distributed in a vertical row;
1.1.5 Single-hole charge Qn calculation: drawing a blasting grid graph, wherein the blasting grid is rectangular, the central connecting line of one row of holes of the single row of blast holes is one straight edge of the rectangle, the central lines of two adjacent holes are the other straight edges of the rectangle, the other two straight edges of the blast holes on two sides are respectively blank faces, and the other two straight edges of the middle hole are respectively blank faces and the central lines of two adjacent holes on the other side; the grid pattern of the first row of holes of the double rows of blast holes is the same as that of the single row of blast holes, the second row and the first row are in a linear row, the two sides of the blasting grid, which are perpendicular to one straight edge of the rectangle respectively by connecting the centers of the second row and the first row, are the same as those of the first row, and the blasting rectangular grid is used as the single-hole blasting square VnBasis of calculation of (V)n=SnH, determining single-hole blasting square amount, wherein the single-tube explosive amount value is fixed in the actual construction process, and calculating QnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnMaximum approach to the value of K, VnIs the volume of the corresponding grid;
1.1.6 selecting yellow mud as blast hole blocking object, wherein the blocking length is in direct proportion to the diameter of the blast hole and in inverse proportion to the unit consumption of explosive, and referring to the value in table 1 in 'calculation of the blocking length of the blast hole', the blocking length of the loosened blast hole LsThe theoretical range is 1.5m-2.0m, and if the calculated length of the single-hole medicament plus the blocking length is larger than H, the distances a and b between the blast holes need to be selected again;
1.2. the method for arranging holes and charging the powder in the wall body of the elevator shaft outside the dam body comprises the following steps: the thickness of the wall of the elevator shaft is D2，D2Setting blast holes in the wall in the size of 0.6m or less, setting D2 in the size of 0.6m or more and 2.5m or less, drilling 1-2 blast holes in the center of the wall, and in the case of 2 blast holes, distributing two blast holes in central symmetry, and blasting in single hole in the amount of Vn= D2 2H, calculating the single-hole loading quantity QnWhen it is of value, Q is satisfiedn/VnMaximally approaching the K value; the drilling depth, the drilling aperture, the unit drug consumption K value and the blockage length are determined as above;
1.3. detonation network connectionThe method comprises the following steps: comparatively economical and practical's nonelectric millisecond detonator priming network is chooseed for use to the priming network, the detonating cord is detonating, the detonating cord adopts the multiple connection, connect the priming network mode for the millisecond blasting between the hole, respectively install 1 ms15 section detonators at downthehole bottom and top, time delay 880ms, the detonator leg wire is drawn forth and is connected with the thread, to the adjacent hole of same section, ms2 section is chooseed for use to the indirect force detonator in hole, time delay 25ms adopts the percussion gun to explode, the detonation order is: firstly, detonating the explosives in the wall body simultaneously, then detonating the explosives at the connecting part sequentially from right to left or from left to right, completing the blasting network connection, and calculating the maximum single-shot explosive quantity QnMust be less than QS，QSTo allow for maximum single dose.
2. The one-time controlled blasting demolition method for elevator shaft outside dam body according to claim 1, characterized in that step 1.1.5 single-hole loading QnDrawing a blasting grid diagram in the calculation, when the thickness M of the junction of the elevator shaft and the dam body outside the dam body is less than or equal to 1.5M, arranging a single row of blast holes at the junction of the elevator shaft, wherein the distance between the centers of the blast holes and the adjacent empty edges is 0.5-0.8M, the distance between the centers of the blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides is equal to the row distance a, and after determining two side holes, arranging the blast holes in the middle at equal intervals b; when M is more than 1.5M and less than 3.5M, two rows of blast holes are arranged at the connecting part of the blast hole elevator shaft, and the row distance a between the center of the blast hole in the front row and the adjacent empty edge11.2-1.5m, the distance between the centers of blast holes at two sides and the adjacent empty edges at two sides and the row pitch a1After two side holes are determined, arranging the blast holes in the middle at equal intervals b; the row distance a between the second row and the first row21.2-1.5m, the second row being arranged in a vertical row with the first row.
3. The one-time controlled blasting demolition method for elevator wells outside dam bodies according to claim 1, wherein the diameter d of the blast hole is 76mm or 90 mm.
4. The method for one-time controlled blasting demolition of the elevator shaft outside the dam according to claim 1, wherein when two rows of blastholes are formed at the connection part of the elevator shaft outside the dam and the dam, the K value of the blastholes in the last row is 0.1kg/m greater than the K value of the blastholes in the previous row by-0.3 kg/m for blasting.
5. The dam external elevator shaft one-time control blasting demolition method according to claim 1, wherein the drilling machine is a hydraulic drilling machine or a high wind pressure drilling machine.
6. The method for one-time controlled blasting demolition of elevator wells outside dam bodies according to claim 1, wherein W is equal to the minimum of explosive to the face, which is the minimum of hole pitch, row pitch and plug length.
7. The one-time controlled blasting demolition method for the elevator shaft outside the dam body according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforced concrete coefficient is 0.3, the blast hole is ultra deep: h = 0.3W.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112632759A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 武汉科技大学 | Probability calculation method for theoretical single-shot dose of millisecond delay priming circuit |
| CN114543603A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Method and device for determining mine blasting side hole distance |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112632759A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 武汉科技大学 | Probability calculation method for theoretical single-shot dose of millisecond delay priming circuit |
| CN114543603A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Method and device for determining mine blasting side hole distance |
| CN114543603B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-07-28 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Determination method and device for mine blasting edge hole distance |
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