CN110669951A - High-elongation hard aluminum wire for overhead transmission conductor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-elongation hard aluminum wire for overhead transmission conductor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides a high-elongation hard aluminum wire for overhead transmission conductors and a preparation method thereof. The hard aluminum wire is an aluminum wire which is obtained by adding alloying elements into molten aluminum, sequentially carrying out stirring, refining, component adjustment, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt and directly casting and extruding the liquid aluminum alloy melt; or the liquid aluminum alloy melt is continuously cast and rolled to form a round aluminum alloy rod, and then the round aluminum alloy rod is drawn to form an aluminum alloy wire, and the aluminum wire is prepared by a heat treatment process; or the filtered liquid aluminum alloy melt is continuously cast and rolled to form an aluminum alloy rod, and then the aluminum rod is extruded to form the aluminum wire, which comprises the following main chemical components: 0.10-0.30% of Si, 0.10-0.40% of Fe, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum. The tensile strength and the resistivity of the high-elongation duralumin wire prepared by the method can meet the requirements of the duralumin wire, the elongation at break is more than or equal to 3.0% at a gauge length of 250mm, the total breaking force of the steel-cored aluminum stranded wire produced by the method can be increased by about 30%, the span of the wire can be increased, and the occupied area of an iron tower for stringing and a power transmission corridor can be reduced by about 30%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-elongation hard aluminum wire for an overhead power transmission conductor and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of new materials for overhead power transmission.
Background
The overhead power transmission conductor is composed of a conductive material and a supporting material, wherein the conductive material comprises aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the supporting material comprises a galvanized steel wire, an aluminum-clad steel wire, a carbon fiber or other composite material core rod and the like. Wherein the aluminum wire is classified according to conductivity: 61% IACS, 61.5% IACS, 62% IACS, 62.5% IACS, 63% IACS; divide soft aluminum wire, half hard aluminum wire and hard aluminum wire according to the state, wherein: the elongation of the soft aluminum wire is more than or equal to 10%, the strength is 60-90 MPa, and the conductivity is 63% IACS (namely the resistivity is 27.366n omega. m); the elongation of the semi-hard aluminum wire is more than or equal to 3 percent, the semi-hard aluminum wire is 90-130 MPa, and the conductivity is 62 percent IACS (namely the resistivity is 27.808n omega. m); the hard aluminum wire has an elongation of 1.2-1.8%, 160-210 MPa, and an electrical conductivity of 61% IACS (i.e., a resistivity of 28.264n Ω. m).
At present, the most widely used overhead transmission conductor is an aluminum conductor steel core which is concentrically stranded on a steel core by adopting a common hard aluminum wire, the conductor material of the aluminum conductor steel core is the hard aluminum wire, the main performance indexes are that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160MPa, and the conductor resistivity is less than or equal to 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2And/m. However, in order to meet the tensile strength of the existing hard aluminum wire, the elongation at break of the gauge length of 250mm is less than or equal to2.0 percent and generally 1.2 to 1.8 percent, the advantage of high tensile strength of the steel wire part in the steel-cored aluminum strand is only 70 to 75 percent due to the low elongation, the advantage of 100 percent of the tensile strength is not fully exerted, and the total breaking force of the wire is reduced. The tensile strength of the existing soft aluminum wire with high elongation is 60-90 MPa, and in the construction process, the surface of the wire is easy to damage or damage due to low strength of the soft aluminum wire, so that great difficulty is brought to the wire construction.
The semi-hard aluminum wire disclosed by the grant publication No. CN 102682872B has a large elongation, but the tensile strength of the semi-hard aluminum wire is only 70-110 MPa, and cannot reach the standard that the tensile strength of the hard aluminum wire is not less than 160MPa, and the semi-hard aluminum wire can only be regarded as a semi-hard aluminum wire and cannot be applied to a field overhead conductor with a high requirement on the tensile strength. The grant publication No. CN 103854807B discloses a high-conductivity duralumin wire, the tensile strength of the high-conductivity duralumin wire is controlled to be 90-140 MPa when the high-conductivity duralumin wire is manufactured into an aluminum rod, the elongation of the high-conductivity duralumin wire reaches 8%, the final performance index of the aluminum wire does not refer to the elongation, the tensile strength of the high-conductivity duralumin wire can reach the standard of 160MPa in actual production, but the elongation of the high-conductivity duralumin wire is only 1.2-1.6%, the main purpose of the duralumin wire is to improve the conductivity of the duralumin wire, the elongation of the high-conductivity duralumin wire is the same as that of a common duralumin wire, and the high-conductivity dura.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a method for manufacturing a high-elongation duralumin wire for overhead transmission conductors.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an overhead transmission line is with hard aluminum wire of high elongation which characterized in that: the hard aluminum wire is formed by melting aluminum ingots with impurity content not more than 0.3% into aluminum liquid, adding alloying elements or adding alloying elements into electrolytic aluminum liquid with impurity content not more than 0.3%, and then obtaining liquid aluminum alloy melt by stirring, refining, component adjustment, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering in sequence, and directly casting and extruding the liquid aluminum alloy melt into the aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm;
or continuously casting and rolling the liquid aluminum alloy melt after standing to form a round aluminum alloy rod, drawing the round aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy round wire or a non-round wire, and preparing the aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm by a heat treatment process;
or continuously casting and rolling the liquid aluminum alloy melt after standing to form a round aluminum alloy rod, and then extruding to prepare an aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm;
the resistivity of the aluminum wire is less than or equal to 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2The elongation at break of a gauge length of 250 mm/m is more than or equal to 3.0%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160MP, and the weight percentage of the main chemical components is as follows: 0.10-0.30% of Si, 0.10-0.40% of Fe, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: in the process of extruding the aluminum wire or the round aluminum alloy rod directly extruded by the liquid aluminum alloy melt into the aluminum wire, the temperature of a die cavity is 450-480 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 130-160 m/min.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: when the round aluminum alloy rod is drawn into the aluminum alloy round wire and the aluminum wire is manufactured through the heat treatment process, the heat treatment process is to place the aluminum wire into an aging furnace to carry out heat treatment for 6-12 hours at the temperature of 170-220 ℃.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-elongation hard aluminum wire for an overhead transmission conductor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an aluminum melting furnace or directly pouring the electrolytic aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace at 800-950 ℃, sequentially adding a simple substance silicon ingot or an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, a simple substance iron agent or an aluminum-iron alloy ingot and pure magnesium, refining, degassing and filtering residues, standing, and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt; wherein the mixed aluminum liquid comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.10-0.30% of Si, 0.10-0.40% of Fe, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum;
(2) preparing the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the step (1) into an aluminum rod with the diameter phi of 8.0-15 mm by an aluminum rod continuous casting and rolling machine, or directly carrying out extrusion forming on the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the step (1) at the temperature of 450-480 ℃ and the extrusion rate of 130-160 m/min to obtain the aluminum rod with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity of not more than 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2A high-elongation hard aluminum wire with a breaking elongation of more than or equal to 3.0% and a tensile strength of more than or equal to 160MPa at a gauge length of 250 mm;
(3) drawing and rolling the aluminum rod prepared by the continuous casting and rolling in the step (2) into an aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.50-5.50 mm by a wire drawing machine, putting the aluminum wire into an aging furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 6-12 hours at the temperature of 170-220 ℃ to obtain an aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity of not more than 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2A high-elongation hard aluminum wire with a breaking elongation of more than or equal to 3.0% and a tensile strength of more than or equal to 160MPa at a gauge length of 250 mm;
or the aluminum rod in the step (2) is extruded and molded under the conditions that the temperature is 450-480 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 130-160 m/min to obtain the aluminum rod with the diameter of phi 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity is less than or equal to 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2The elongation at break of the gauge length of 250mm per meter is more than or equal to 3.0 percent, and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160 MPa.
The invention has the following excellent technical scheme: and (3) adopting an aluminum imitation machine (Conform machine set) in the extrusion process in the steps (2) and (3).
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the prepared high-elongation hard aluminum wire is a round wire or a T-shaped or S-shaped or Z-shaped or herringbone aluminum wire.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the impurity content of the aluminum ingot is not more than 0.3%.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (2), the casting temperature of the aluminum rod is controlled to be 680-720 ℃, the rolling temperature is controlled to be 470-550 ℃, and the rod collecting temperature is kept to be 80-330 ℃; the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum rod is controlled to be 82-135 MPa, the electrical resistivity of a conductor is less than or equal to 0.02880 at 20 ℃, and the elongation at break of a gauge length of 200mm is more than or equal to 6%.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the step (3), the aluminum rod is drawn and rolled into an aluminum wire through a wire drawing machine, and the tensile strength is high160MPa or more and the resistivity at 20 ℃ is 0.02910 omega mm or less2The elongation at break of a gauge length of 250 mm/m is more than or equal to 1.8 percent.
The alloy elements of the invention adopt Si, Fe and Mg, wherein Fe plays a role in solid solution strengthening of the aluminum alloy, increases the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy, refines crystal grains and avoids cracking of products, and when the content is more than or equal to 0.6 percent in the processing process, an insoluble AlMnFeSi phase is generated, so that the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the products are reduced; si and Mg form Mg2Si strengthening phase, further improve aluminum alloy tensile strength, improve aluminum alloy mechanical properties, improve plasticity and processing performance, and the general addition amount is Mg: si is less than or equal to 1.73: 1, the performance is optimal, a small amount of Cu and Zn has little influence on the alloy strength, the Cu content is more than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is reduced.
Si and Mg in the present invention form Mg2Si, the strength of the strengthening phase of which can reach the maximum only after heat treatment, and in addition, the heat treatment can improve the plasticity of the aluminum alloy, improve the elongation and reduce the resistivity. And the temperature is too low, the diffusion speed of metal atoms is too low, the recrystallization effect of hardening crystal lattices such as metal addition and drawing is not obvious, the temperature is too high, low-melting-point alloy in an aluminum alloy structure is melted, overburning is caused, the crystal grains are coarse, cracks and other defects are generated, and the mechanical property and the corrosion property are deteriorated. The time length of the heat treatment determines that the solid solution and the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy are fully diffused, and the time is too long to reduce the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy and increase the annealing energy.
The invention adopts the process of directly extruding the liquid aluminum alloy melt into the aluminum wire, the process reduces the aluminum continuous casting and rolling process and reduces the production cost, the liquid aluminum alloy melt is directly extruded into the aluminum wire, the defects of poor crystallization, component segregation and the like in the casting process are avoided, and the conductivity and the mechanical property uniformity of the aluminum wire are improved.
In the invention, in the process of extruding the aluminum rod into the aluminum wire, the aluminum rod is extruded into the aluminum wire, the defects of non-uniformity of synthesis components, poor crystallization, air holes and the like in the aluminum rod are changed again, and the conductivity and the mechanical property uniformity of the aluminum wire are improved under the condition of slightly reducing the strength.
The elongation at break of the high-elongation duralumin wire prepared by the invention is more than or equal to 3.0% at a gauge length of 250mm, the elongation at break of the high-elongation duralumin wire is matched with the elongation at break of a steel core for a steel-cored aluminum strand, and the advantage of large tensile strength of a steel wire part can be fully realized, the total tensile strength of the steel-cored aluminum strand produced by the high-elongation duralumin wire can be increased by about 30%, the span of the wire can be increased, the occupied land of an iron tower for stringing and a power transmission corridor can be reduced by about.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of example two;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of example three.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
The preparation method of the high-elongation duralumin wire for the overhead power transmission conductor is implemented, the process flow of the preparation method is shown in figure 1, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot in an aluminum melting furnace to form aluminum liquid or directly pouring electrolytic aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace at 800-950 ℃, sequentially adding a simple substance silicon ingot or an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, a simple substance iron agent or an aluminum-iron alloy ingot and pure magnesium, then sequentially stirring, refining, adjusting components, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt, preparing the liquid aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum rod with the diameter of 9.5-15 mm by a continuous casting and rolling unit, controlling the casting temperature of the aluminum rod at 680-720 ℃, the rolling temperature at 470-550 ℃, and keeping the rod retracting temperature at 80-330 ℃; wherein the components of the aluminum ingot or the electrolytic aluminum liquid are shown in the table 1, the components of the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the heat preservation furnace before casting are shown in the table 2, and the performance of the aluminum rods which are manufactured by continuous casting and continuous rolling and have different diameters is shown in the table 3;
table 1 shows the composition (in weight%) of the aluminum ingot or electrolytic aluminum liquid in example one
Table 2 shows the composition (in weight%) of the molten liquid aluminum alloy in the holding furnace before casting in example one
TABLE 3 high elongation aluminum rod Performance for duralumin wire
As can be seen from Table 3, the tensile strength of the aluminum rod made of the aluminum liquid through continuous casting and rolling is about 120MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6 percent;
(2) drawing the high-elongation hard aluminum wire into a round wire or a non-round wire according to the diameter and the shape of the aluminum rod with the diameter of phi 9.5 and the diameter of phi 12 prepared in the step (1) and the required specification of a single wire, wherein the drawing machine can be a sliding type drawing machine or a non-sliding type drawing machine, and the drawing machine can be used for drawing and producing a T-shaped non-round wire with the section of 12.5mm2(equivalent diameter phi of 3.99mm), and the test results are shown in Table 4 after the glass is placed at room temperature for 24 hours,
TABLE 4 test Performance parameters of aluminum wire made of aluminum rods with different diameters
(3) Putting the three aluminum wires with the diameter of phi 3.99 prepared in the table 4 in the step (2) into an aging furnace, carrying out heat treatment under the conditions of different temperatures and different time, standing at room temperature for 24 hours, and then carrying out performance testing, wherein the test results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Performance parameters of aluminum wire drawn from aluminum rods of different diameters and heat treated
It can be seen from the comparison between table 4 and table 5 that the tensile strength of the aluminum wire drawn by the aluminum rod exceeds 180MPa, but the elongation is reduced to below 2.3%, and after heat treatment, the single-wire tensile strength MPa is still greater than 160MPa, the elongation reaches about 4%, the tensile strength meets the standard of the hard aluminum wire, and the elongation is far greater than the hard aluminum wire without heat treatment, and the elongation is matched with the elongation at break of the steel core for the steel-cored aluminum strand, so that the advantage of large tensile strength of the steel wire part can be fully achieved.
The present application carried out the following comparative tests for the heat treatment parameter settings in example one:
comparative experiment 1: the single-wire aluminum wire with the equivalent diameter of 3.99mm prepared in the first example is respectively subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 190 ℃ and the temperature of 210 ℃ for 5.5h, 7.5h, 9h, 12.5h and 14h, and the treated aluminum wire is respectively detected, wherein the performance parameters are shown in table 6:
table 6 shows the performance parameters of the aluminum wire after the treatment under different heat treatment time conditions
As can be seen from the performance parameters in Table 6, under the same temperature conditions, the elongation at break is affected by too long or too short hot rolling time, and when the hot rolling time is less than six hours, the elongation at break is less than 3%, and when the time exceeds twelve hours, the elongation at break is also reduced to less than 3%. It can be seen from the comparison tests that the heat treatment time determines the sufficient diffusion of the solid solution and the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy, and the heat treatment time is too long to reduce the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy and increase the energy consumption.
Comparative experiment 2: the single-wire aluminum wire with the equivalent diameter of 3.99mm prepared in the first example is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 190 ℃, 220 ℃ and 230 ℃ for 7.5h and 9h respectively, and the treated aluminum wire is detected respectively, and the performance parameters are shown in table 7:
table 7 shows the performance parameters of the aluminum wire after treatment at different heat treatment temperatures
Because the hot rolling temperature is too low and the resistivity is too high to meet the technical requirements, the low-temperature treatment is not adopted generally, and the performance parameters in the table 6 show that when the temperature reaches 170 ℃, all the performance parameters can reach the standard, and under the same time condition, the single-line tensile strength can be influenced by the too high hot rolling temperature, and when the temperature exceeds 220 ℃, the single-line tensile strength can be reduced to below 160 MPa.
The second embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-elongation duralumin wire for an overhead power transmission conductor, the process flow of which is shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an aluminum melting furnace or directly pouring electrolytic aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace at 800-950 ℃, sequentially adding a simple substance silicon ingot or an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, a simple substance iron agent or an aluminum-iron alloy ingot and pure magnesium, and then sequentially stirring, refining, adjusting components, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt, and preparing the liquid aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum rod with phi of 9.5-15 mm by a continuous casting and rolling unit; wherein the temperature in the heat preservation furnace is controlled to be 720-780 ℃, the casting temperature is controlled to be 680-720 ℃, the rolling temperature is 470-550 ℃, and the rod-retracting temperature is kept to be 80-330 ℃. Wherein the components of the aluminum ingot or the electrolytic aluminum liquid are shown in the table 8, the components of the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the heat preservation furnace before casting are shown in the table 9, and the performance of the aluminum rods which are manufactured by continuous casting and continuous rolling and have different diameters is shown in the table 10;
table 8 shows the composition (in weight%) of the aluminum ingot or electrolytic aluminum liquid in example two
Table 9 shows the composition (in weight%) of the molten aluminum alloy in the holding furnace before casting in example two
TABLE 10 aluminum rod Performance parameters for high elongation duralumin wire
(2) In table 8, six aluminum wires with a diameter of 2.56mm and six aluminum wires with a diameter of 3.00mm were extruded at one time under different temperature conditions, and the performance test was performed, and the test results are shown in table 11:
TABLE 11 Performance parameters for extruding aluminum wires of different diameters at different die cavity temperatures
It can be seen from table 11 that, the single-wire tensile strength of the aluminum wire obtained by directly extruding the aluminum rod is greater than 175MPa, the elongation rate reaches more than 4%, the tensile strength meets the standard of the hard aluminum wire, and the elongation rate is far greater than that of the hard aluminum wire without heat treatment, so that the aluminum wire is matched with the elongation at break of the steel core for the steel-cored aluminum strand, and the aluminum wire has the advantage of large tensile strength of the steel wire part.
The preparation method of the high-elongation duralumin wire for the overhead power transmission conductor, provided by the embodiment three, has a process flow as shown in fig. 3, and specifically includes the following steps:
melting an aluminum ingot in an aluminum melting furnace to form aluminum liquid or directly pouring electrolytic aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace with the temperature of 800-950 ℃, sequentially adding a simple substance silicon ingot or an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, a simple substance iron agent or an aluminum-iron alloy ingot and pure magnesium, and then sequentially stirring, refining, adjusting components, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt, and directly extruding 3-6 phi 4.22 single wires at one time through a casting and extruding machine; wherein the components of the aluminum ingot or the electrolytic aluminum liquid are shown in Table 12, the components of the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the holding furnace before casting are shown in Table 13, and the properties of the extruded aluminum wire are shown in Table 14 after detection;
TABLE 12 composition of aluminum ingot or electrolytic aluminum liquid in EXAMPLE III (in weight percent)
TABLE 13 example III liquid aluminum alloy melt composition (in weight percent) in the holding furnace before casting
TABLE 14 Properties of extruded aluminum wire at different die cavity temperatures
As can be seen from the comparison of Table 14, the single-wire tensile strength of the aluminum wire obtained by directly extruding the aluminum liquid is greater than 170MPa, the elongation rate reaches more than 3.5%, the tensile strength meets the standard of the hard aluminum wire, the elongation rate is far greater than that of the hard aluminum wire without heat treatment, and the aluminum wire is matched with the elongation at break of the steel core for the steel-cored aluminum strand, so that the advantage of large tensile strength of the steel wire part can be fully exerted.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an overhead transmission line is with hard aluminum wire of high elongation which characterized in that: the hard aluminum wire is formed by melting aluminum ingots with impurity content not more than 0.3% into aluminum liquid, adding alloying elements or adding alloying elements into electrolytic aluminum liquid with impurity content not more than 0.3%, and then obtaining liquid aluminum alloy melt by stirring, refining, component adjustment, degassing and deslagging, standing and filtering in sequence, and directly casting and extruding the liquid aluminum alloy melt into the aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm;
or continuously casting and rolling the liquid aluminum alloy melt after standing to form a round aluminum alloy rod, drawing the round aluminum alloy rod into an aluminum alloy round wire or a non-round wire, and preparing the aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm by a heat treatment process;
or continuously casting and rolling the liquid aluminum alloy melt after standing to form a round aluminum alloy rod, and then extruding to prepare an aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm;
the resistivity of the aluminum wire is less than or equal to 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2The elongation at break of a gauge length of 250 mm/m is more than or equal to 3.0%, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160MP, and the weight percentage of the main chemical components is as follows: 0.10 to 0% of Si30%, 0.10-0.40% of Fe, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum.
2. The high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 1, wherein: in the process of extruding the aluminum wire or the round aluminum alloy rod directly extruded by the liquid aluminum alloy melt into the aluminum wire, the temperature of a die cavity is 450-480 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 130-160 m/min.
3. The high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 1, wherein: when the round aluminum alloy rod is drawn into the aluminum alloy round wire and the aluminum wire is manufactured through the heat treatment process, the heat treatment process is to place the aluminum wire into an aging furnace to carry out heat treatment for 6-12 hours at the temperature of 170-220 ℃.
4. A preparation method of a high-elongation hard aluminum wire for overhead transmission conductors is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) melting an aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid in an aluminum melting furnace or directly pouring electrolytic aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace at 800-950 ℃, sequentially adding a simple substance silicon ingot or an aluminum-silicon alloy ingot, a simple substance iron agent or an aluminum-iron alloy ingot and pure magnesium, refining, degassing and deslagging, standing, and filtering to obtain a liquid aluminum alloy melt; wherein the mixed aluminum liquid comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.10-0.30% of Si, 0.10-0.40% of Fe, 0.15-0.30% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.10% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10% of Zn, and the balance of aluminum;
(2) preparing the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the step (1) into an aluminum rod with the diameter phi of 8.0-15 mm by an aluminum rod continuous casting and rolling machine, or directly carrying out extrusion forming on the liquid aluminum alloy melt in the step (1) at the temperature of 450-480 ℃ and the extrusion rate of 130-160 m/min to obtain the aluminum rod with the diameter phi of 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity of not more than 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2A high-elongation hard aluminum wire with a breaking elongation of more than or equal to 3.0% and a tensile strength of more than or equal to 160MPa at a gauge length of 250 mm;
(3) drawing and rolling the aluminum rod prepared by the continuous casting and rolling in the step (2) into an aluminum wire with the diameter phi of 2.50-5.50 mm by a wire drawing machine, and then carrying out continuous casting and rolling on the aluminum wirePlacing the aluminum wire into an aging furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 6-12 hours at the temperature of 170-220 ℃ to obtain the aluminum wire with the diameter of phi 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity of not more than 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2A high-elongation hard aluminum wire with a breaking elongation of more than or equal to 3.0% and a tensile strength of more than or equal to 160MPa at a gauge length of 250 mm;
or the aluminum rod in the step (2) is extruded and molded under the conditions that the temperature is 450-480 ℃ and the extrusion speed is 130-160 m/min to obtain the aluminum rod with the diameter of phi 2.00-5.50 mm and the resistivity is less than or equal to 0.028264 omega mm at 20 DEG C2The elongation at break of the gauge length of 250mm per meter is more than or equal to 3.0 percent, and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160 MPa.
5. The method of manufacturing a high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 4, wherein: and (3) adopting an aluminum imitation machine (Conform machine set) in the extrusion process in the steps (2) and (3).
6. The method of manufacturing a high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 4, wherein: the prepared high-elongation hard aluminum wire is a round wire or a T-shaped or S-shaped or Z-shaped or herringbone aluminum wire.
7. The method of manufacturing a high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 4, wherein: the impurity content of the aluminum ingot is not more than 0.3%.
8. The method of manufacturing a high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 4, wherein: in the step (2), the casting temperature of the aluminum rod is controlled to be 680-720 ℃, the rolling temperature is controlled to be 470-550 ℃, and the rod-collecting temperature is kept to be 80-330 ℃; the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum rod is controlled to be 82-135 MPa, the electrical resistivity of a conductor is less than or equal to 0.02880 at 20 ℃, and the elongation at break of a gauge length of 200mm is more than or equal to 6%.
9. The method of manufacturing a high elongation duralumin wire for overhead power transmission conductors of claim 4, wherein: said step (c) is(3) The medium aluminum rod is drawn by a wire drawing machine to form an aluminum wire, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160MPa, and the resistivity at 20 ℃ is less than or equal to 0.02910 omega mm2The elongation at break of a gauge length of 250 mm/m is more than or equal to 1.8 percent.
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