CN110665967B - Quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method - Google Patents
Quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110665967B CN110665967B CN201910891234.2A CN201910891234A CN110665967B CN 110665967 B CN110665967 B CN 110665967B CN 201910891234 A CN201910891234 A CN 201910891234A CN 110665967 B CN110665967 B CN 110665967B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/58—Roll-force control; Roll-gap control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B9/00—Measures for carrying out rolling operations under special conditions, e.g. in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of work; Special measures for removing fumes from rolling mills
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
- B21B2201/06—Thermomechanical rolling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method, which particularly adopts stainless steel with high chromium content as a metal source for infiltrating chromium to the surfaces of other metals, the surfaces of base plate blanks and cover plate blanks are processed to be smooth and clean to expose fresh metals, the base plate blanks and the cover plate blanks are arranged and fixed in a cross way, welded, vacuumized and sealed to form multilayer plate blanks, then the composite plate blanks are heated and insulated for a certain time until the temperature is uniform, and the rolling reduction is more than 20%, so that chromium atoms in the stainless steel diffuse to the surface of carbon steel. The chromium atoms in the metal plate with high chromium content are fully diffused to the surface of the carbon steel, the temperature is reduced to 750-800 ℃, water cooling is carried out quickly, the physical property difference between a new phase generated after the chromium is infiltrated on the surface of the carbon steel and surrounding metals is huge, the stress generated by chilling naturally separates the metallurgically bonded composite plate, the carbon steel with the surface being infiltrated with chromium of several micrometers is obtained, and the hardness is improved by 20 percent compared with that of a matrix. The method has the advantages of simple operation, simple equipment, low cost, high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, and can realize the large-batch surface chromizing production of the metal plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal plate processing and forming, and particularly relates to a quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method.
Background
In the prior art, chemical methods and physical methods are generally adopted to change the components or tissues of the surface of a material so as to improve the surface performance of the material, and the main methods are as follows: surface quenching, surface deformation strengthening and surface chemical heat treatment. The surface deformation strengthening is generally carried out by adopting shot blasting or surface rolling technology to treat the surface of a workpiece so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening; the surface chemical heat treatment is to put the workpiece into a certain active medium, and active atoms of the medium penetrate into the surface layer of the workpiece after heating and heat preservation, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the components, the tissues and the performances of the surface of the workpiece. At present, the main method for modifying the surface of a material is metal infiltration by plasma, voltage is applied to a source electrode material and a sample, the sample is bombarded after the voltage is started, and a new phase of metal infiltration is obtained on the surface of the sample after a certain time. The surface treatment method has long time, high energy consumption and low effective product generation efficiency and higher production cost due to the capacity limitation of production equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method to obtain high-performance carbon steel with chromizing surface, high hardness and high wear resistance, which can effectively overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized as follows, which is characterized in that the processing steps are as follows:
1. taking different metal plates with set sizes as a base plate and a clad plate, wherein one plate is metal with high chromium content, and the plate is used as a metal source for chromizing the surface of carbon steel in a hot rolling process;
2. the surface of the base clad plate blank is processed to be smooth and clean, so that fresh metal is exposed out of the base clad plate blank, the base clad plate blank is arranged and fixed in a crossed mode, the periphery of the base clad plate blank is welded, and the base clad plate blank is manufactured into a blank after a reserved vacuumizing tube is vacuumized;
3. heating the composite plate blank prepared by the method to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for a certain time, and carrying out hot rolling forming according to the set reduction after the temperature is uniform;
4. the reduction rate is between 20 and 30 percent, chromium atoms in the stainless steel can diffuse to the carbon steel, and chromium-containing carbide is obtained on the surface of the carbon steel;
5. after high-temperature hot rolling, chromium atoms in metal with high chromium content are fully diffused to the surface of carbon steel, the temperature is reduced to be about 800 ℃, the cooling is carried out quickly, the physical properties of the chromium-permeated layer on the surface of the carbon steel and the surrounding metal are greatly different, and the stress generated by chilling naturally separates the metallurgically bonded composite plate to obtain the carbon steel with chromium permeated surface, high hardness and high wear resistance.
The double-layer glow plasma surface metal infiltration technology is the most commonly used technology of the alloying element infiltration method in all the surface alloying process technologies at present, the high voltage is required to be between 540-980V during chromizing and nickel infiltration, and the metal infiltration reaction time is required to be 8 hours; the time required by the hot rolling and metal infiltration chromizing method is only 5 minutes, the range of the requirement on the size of a sample is wide, and the metal infiltration plate with infinite length can be rolled within the width range of a rolling mill.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional method, the hot rolling chromizing method has the following advantages: (1) the processing equipment is simple, and the method is simple, convenient and easy to operate; (2) the whole production process has high efficiency, and the short-flow method for obtaining the chromizing on the surface of the carbon steel is realized; (3) the method is suitable for batch production of large-area plates, has low energy consumption and is a pollution-free green metallurgical process; (4) the hot rolling process and the surface metal infiltration treatment process are simultaneously carried out, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the energy consumption is also saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a metallographic structure of a new phase generated by diffusion of chromium at a bonding interface of a composite plate after hot rolling in example 1, and FIG. 1(b) is a composition analysis of the bonding interface of the composite plate after hot rolling in example 1;
FIG. 2(a) is a surface structure of a carbon steel having a reduction ratio of 20% in example 1, and FIGS. 2(b) and 2(c) are composition analyses corresponding to points 1 and 2, respectively;
FIG. 3(a) is a surface structure of carbon steel at a reduction ratio of 30% in example 2, and FIGS. 3(b) and 3(c) are composition analyses corresponding to points 1 and 2, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a surface structure of carbon steel at a reduction ratio of 10% in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
The production of hot-rolled stainless steel clad plate blanks is exemplified by using Q235 plain carbon steel and 304 stainless steel plates.
Selecting a Q235 steel plate with the thickness of 5mm as a substrate, and specifically comprising the following components: c (0.1%), Si (0.3%), Mn (0.5%), S (0.03%) and Fe (Bal.); 304 stainless steel with the thickness of 3mm is taken as a covering plate, and the specific components are as follows: c (0.03%), Si (0.43%), Mn (1.21%), Cr (18.23%), Ni (8.03%) and Fe (Bal.); the specific processing steps are as follows:
1. the surface of the Q235 carbon steel is chromized by the 304 austenitic stainless steel plate with high chromium content;
2. the surface of carbon steel and stainless steel blanks is processed to be smooth and clean, the carbon steel and stainless steel blanks are placed and fixed according to a certain sequence, and the peripheries of the carbon steel and stainless steel blanks are welded together and vacuumized and sealed to form blanks;
3. heating the composite board sample from room temperature to 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for half an hour to ensure that the temperature of the whole blank is uniform;
4. the set reduction rate is more than 20 percent, the surface of the carbon steel is in close contact with the stainless steel after the high-temperature hot rolling, the chromizing layer is more uniform, and at the temperature of 820-7C3The thickness of the ferrite is about 4 mu m, and the ferrite with the original core cubic structure on the surface of the low-carbon steel is changed into a complex hexagonal carbide;
5. after hot rolling, the temperature of the composite plate is reduced to 750-; and sawing the composite plate along the edge of the composite plate to obtain the carbon steel plate with chromium carbide on the surface, high hardness and high wear resistance. The hardness of the carbon steel is detected, and the surface hardness of the carbon steel is improved by about 20 percent compared with that of the matrix.
Example 1
The carbon steel/stainless steel vacuum slab was hot rolled as described above. The tapping temperature of the composite plate is 1200 ℃, the rolling reduction rate of one time is 20 percent, and chromium-containing carbide M is eutectoid after chromium atoms are fully diffused7C3After phase separation, rapidly cooling at 800 ℃; sawing the edge of the composite plate to obtain the high-hardness and high-wear-resistance carbon steel plate with chromium on the surface. FIGS. 1(a) and (b) are metallographic structures and composition analysis of new phases generated by diffusion of chromium elements at the bonding interface of the composite plate after hot rolling, respectively; FIG. 2 is a structure knot of a high-hardness wear-resistant layer carbon steel plate containing chromium on the surfaceAnd analyzing the structure and the components. The micro Vickers hardness of the carbon steel substrate is about 153HV, and the surface hardness of the chromized carbon steel is about 183 HV.
Example 2
The carbon steel/stainless steel vacuum slab was hot rolled as described above. The tapping temperature of the composite plate is 1200 ℃, the rolling reduction rate of one time is 30 percent, and carbide M is eutectoid after chromium atoms are fully diffused7C3After phase separation, rapidly cooling at 780 ℃; sawing the composite board to obtain the carbon steel plate with the chromium-containing high-hardness wear-resistant layer, and the result is shown in the attached figure 3 of the specification. The micro Vickers hardness of the carbon steel matrix is about 162HV, and the surface hardness of the chromized carbon steel is about 195 HV.
Comparative example 1
By adopting the material and the method in the example 1, the rolling reduction rate is 10% in the chromizing process by the hot-rolling metal-cementation method, and the chromizing effect on the surface of the carbon steel is shown in figure 4. Therefore, the microcosmic surface of the plate with smooth and flat appearance is uneven, the contact between the stainless steel plate and the carbon steel plate is uneven, the chromizing effect on the surface of the carbon steel is influenced, the chromizing effect is uneven, and the hardness is smaller.
Claims (3)
1. A vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:
firstly, taking a metal plate with high chromium content as a covering plate and taking carbon steel as a substrate;
secondly, the surfaces of the base plate and the clad plate blank are processed to be smooth and clean, so that fresh metal is exposed out of the base plate and the clad plate blank, the base plate and the clad plate blank are arranged and fixed in a crossed mode, the peripheries of the base plate and the clad plate blank are welded together, and the clad plate blank is manufactured by sealing the base plate and the clad plate blank after a reserved vacuumizing;
thirdly, heating the composite board blank manufactured by the method to over 1200 ℃, preserving heat for a certain time, and performing hot rolling forming according to set reduction after the temperature is uniform;
and fourthly, after the composite plate is hot-rolled at high temperature, fully diffusing chromium atoms in the metal plate with high chromium content to the surface of the carbon steel, rapidly cooling, wherein the physical property difference between the chromium-permeated layer on the surface of the carbon steel and the high-chromium metal is huge, and chilling produces stress to naturally separate the base clad plate, so that the carbon steel with the chromium-permeated surface of several microns is obtained.
2. The vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hot rolling reduction in step (c) is more than 20%.
3. The vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step (iv) is reduced to 750-800 ℃ and then rapidly cooled.
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| CN201910891234.2A CN110665967B (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | Quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method |
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| CN201910891234.2A CN110665967B (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2019-09-20 | Quick and efficient vacuum hot rolling metal infiltration method |
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| CN110665967B true CN110665967B (en) | 2020-10-27 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63212546A (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Molybdenum-clad stainless steel plate |
| CN1669687A (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2005-09-21 | 吉欣（英德）热轧不锈复合钢有限公司 | Process for producing brazing hot rolled metal composite plate adopting composite cog |
| CN103433692A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 太原科技大学 | Metal clad plate rolling process for rapid acid-free blank making |
| CN108043875A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-18 | 太原科技大学 | A kind of method for rolling rich chromium cast iron/low-carbon steel composite board |
| CN108480398A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-09-04 | 太原科技大学 | A method of rolling three-layer composite board with rich chromium cast iron plate and low carbon steel plate |
-
2019
- 2019-09-20 CN CN201910891234.2A patent/CN110665967B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63212546A (en) * | 1987-02-28 | 1988-09-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Molybdenum-clad stainless steel plate |
| CN1669687A (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2005-09-21 | 吉欣（英德）热轧不锈复合钢有限公司 | Process for producing brazing hot rolled metal composite plate adopting composite cog |
| CN103433692A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-12-11 | 太原科技大学 | Metal clad plate rolling process for rapid acid-free blank making |
| CN108043875A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-18 | 太原科技大学 | A kind of method for rolling rich chromium cast iron/low-carbon steel composite board |
| CN108480398A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-09-04 | 太原科技大学 | A method of rolling three-layer composite board with rich chromium cast iron plate and low carbon steel plate |
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