CN110664853A - Method for extracting red ginseng saponin - Google Patents
Method for extracting red ginseng saponin Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/25—Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
- A61K36/258—Panax (ginseng)
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/19—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving fermentation using yeast, bacteria or both; enzymatic treatment
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation, decoction
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/39—Complex extraction schemes, e.g. fractionation or repeated extraction steps
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
- A61K2236/51—Concentration or drying of the extract, e.g. Lyophilisation, freeze-drying or spray-drying
Abstract
The embodiment of the application shows a red ginseng saponin extraction method, which comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials and alcohol according to a specific weight, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, extracting and concentrating for multiple times to obtain a primary concentrate, a secondary concentrate, a tertiary concentrate and a quaternary concentrate, uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quaternary concentrate to obtain a blended concentrate, and using the alcohol to separate saponins from the red ginseng rootlets and the main roots during extraction, wherein the temperature is low, the alcohol is not easy to volatilize, after the extraction process, heating the mixture, and reducing the boiling point of the alcohol by vacuumizing to volatilize the alcohol at a lower temperature, therefore, the concentration effect is realized, the active ingredients are not easy to damage, the processes of multiple extraction and concentration can be simultaneously and circularly carried out, the extraction rate of the final concentrate saponin is high, the extraction time is short, and the activity of the active ingredients can be ensured at a lower temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ginseng processing, and particularly relates to a method for extracting red ginseng saponin.
Background
Ginseng is a wiggery plant of Araliaceae, belongs to perennial herbaceous plants, has a long history of application, has been recorded in the earliest monorchical medical monorchism 'Shen nong Ben Cao Jing' in China and is listed as the top grade. Modern medicine has also proved the medicinal value of ginseng, mainly has the important functions of regulating brain central system, improving human immunity, reducing blood fat, preventing cardiovascular disease, inhibiting tumor growth, etc. because of the important medicinal value and commercial significance of ginseng, ginseng products in the market are many in variety, and part of ginseng products are lightly processed products: for example, the cultivated products in ginseng are called 'garden ginseng', the cultivated products sowed in mountain forest in wild state are called 'ginseng under forest', the cultivated products in wild state are called 'mountain ginseng', the cultivated products in sun-dried or dried garden ginseng are called 'sun-dried ginseng', the dried products after steaming are called 'red ginseng', and the like, and the products occupy most of the proportion in ginseng market export in China; the other part is a deep processing product: mainly, high-end products such as traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, Chinese prescription preparations, cosmetics and the like prepared from ginseng are developed rapidly, but the high-end market of ginseng products is occupied by Japan, Korea and Europe for a long time, so that the deep processing market of ginseng products is a field which needs to be paid great attention to China.
Ginseng has relatively complex chemical components, and is roughly classified into the following types: ginsenoside, protein, amino acid, vitamin, organic acid and ester, saccharide and other components. Various monomer ginsenosides have good biological effects. For example, ginsenoside Rb1 and Rc have antioxidant effect, and can scavenge free radicals in vivo, delay aging, and reduce inflammation. The ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and Rf can stimulate the activity of acetylcholine transferase, inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, increase the content of acetylcholine in brain, and relieve central fatigue. Ginsenoside Rh has strong effect of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, especially has good resistance effect on liver diseases, and can prevent liver cirrhosis and liver cancer and promote the proliferation of liver cells. The ginsenoside Re has the effects of preventing hyperglycemia, reducing blood fat, improving the resistance of a human body and improving climacteric syndrome. Ginsenoside is a steroid compound, namely triterpenoid saponin, and the traditional extraction process comprises water extraction, organic solvent extraction and the like, wherein the traditional extraction process has the defects of long extraction time, low extraction rate and high extraction temperature, so that the effective components are easily damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a red ginseng saponin extraction method, which aims to solve the problems that the extraction time is long, the extraction rate is low, and the effective components are easy to damage due to high extraction temperature in the red ginseng saponin extraction method in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention discloses a red ginseng saponin extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
Further, the cyclic stirring time of the primary mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ is 10 hours, the cyclic stirring time of the secondary mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ is 12 hours, the stirring time of the tertiary mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 10 hours, and the stirring time of the quaternary mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 8 hours.
Further, the alcohol content of the alcohol in the mixing of the raw materials and the alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5 is 85%, and the alcohol content of the alcohol in the mixing of the primary residue and the alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6 is 50%.
Further, the sugar degree of the primary concentrate is 72-75%, the saponin content of the primary concentrate is 400mg/g, the sugar degree of the secondary concentrate is 65-68%, the saponin content of the secondary concentrate is 200-250 mg/g, the sugar degree of the tertiary concentrate is 55-50%, the saponin content of the tertiary concentrate is 40-80 mg/g, the sugar degree of the quartic concentrate is 45-50%, and the saponin content of the quartic concentrate is 16-30 mg/g.
Further, the final concentrate was fermented with stirring for several days to give a processed concentrate.
Further, the fermentation time for several days with stirring was 15 days.
Further, the specific gravity of the red ginseng rootlets and the main roots in the raw materials is 2: 3.
According to the technical scheme, the red ginseng saponin extraction method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture; heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue; mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture; heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue; mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture; heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder; mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times; heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times; uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates; heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain a final concentrate, using alcohol to separate saponin from the red ginseng rootlets and the main roots during primary extraction, wherein the temperature is lower and the alcohol is not easy to volatilize, heating the primary mixture after a period of extraction process, reducing the boiling point of the alcohol by a vacuumizing mode to volatilize the alcohol at a lower temperature, so that the concentration effect is realized, the effective components are not easy to damage, uniformly mixing the primary residue after the primary extraction and the concentration with the alcohol to continuously separate out the residual saponin, heating the secondary mixture after a period of extraction process, heating the secondary mixture under the condition of vacuumizing to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue, and mixing the secondary residue with water, the method comprises the following steps of continuously separating out residual saponin, heating a three-time mixture under a vacuumizing condition after a period of extraction process to obtain a three-time concentrate and a three-time remainder, mixing the three-time mixture with purified water to continuously separate out the final residual saponin to obtain a four-time mixture, heating the four-time mixture under a vacuumizing condition to obtain a four-time concentrate, uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the three-time concentrate and the four-time concentrate to obtain a blended concentrate, and finally performing primary concentration operation on the blended concentrate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application shows a red ginseng saponin extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
The raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and the proportion of the red ginseng rootlets and the main roots can be configured as 2:3, the raw materials and the alcohol are placed in a stirring tank for circular stirring, and compared with water and methanol, the extraction rate of the saponin extracted by using the alcohol as a solvent is higher. The process of fully mixing the alcohol and the raw materials is to separate out the saponin in the red ginseng rootlets and the main root, the alcohol cannot volatilize in the process of circular stirring because the temperature is only 25-30 ℃, a primary mixture is obtained at the moment, the primary mixture is heated in a vacuum state, the vacuum degree is-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa, the boiling point of the alcohol is reduced in the vacuum state, and the alcohol can volatilize only by heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃, so that the concentration effect is achieved. The heating time needs to be determined by a detecting instrument of an observation device, for example, when the alcohol content of the concentrated and discharged alcohol is monitored to be 80% -85%, the operation of one concentration can be finished. In addition, the extraction and concentration operations are all performed in a double-layer tank body, the double-layer tank body is not communicated with each other, the inner layer of the tank body is used for mixing raw materials and alcohol, steam is pressed into the outer layer of the tank body, the inner layer of the tank body is heated through the heated steam, the pressure of the steam is about 0.25Mpa, the inner layer can be heated through the steam, the temperature can be conveniently regulated and controlled, and the activity of the effective components of the concentrate is not influenced by overhigh temperature. The whole process is provided with five double-layer tank bodies, the extraction and concentration processes in each time are respectively carried out in one tank body, and the extraction and concentration processes in the five double-layer tank bodies are carried out simultaneously, so that the time of the whole process can be saved, and the efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the first residue after the first extraction and concentration is uniformly mixed with alcohol to enable the residual saponin to be continuously separated out, after a period of extraction process, the second mixture is heated, the second mixture is also heated under the vacuum condition to obtain a second concentrate and a second residue, the second residue is mixed with water to enable the residual saponin to be continuously separated out, after a period of extraction process, the third mixture is heated under the vacuum condition to obtain a third concentrate and a third residue, then the third mixture is mixed with purified water to enable the last residual saponin to be continuously separated out to obtain a fourth mixture, the fourth mixture is heated under the vacuum condition to obtain a fourth concentrate, then the first concentrate, the second concentrate, the third concentrate and the fourth concentrate are uniformly mixed, the preparation concentrate is obtained, and finally, the preparation concentrate is subjected to one-time concentration operation, the whole process can be carried out circularly, so that the extraction rate of the extracted concentrate saponin is high, the extraction time is short, and the activity of the effective components can be ensured by using lower temperature.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further explain the present invention in detail.
Example one
Step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
The content of the total saponins in the finally obtained concentrate can reach more than 65%, the sugar degree can reach more than 73%, the content of the saponins in the finally obtained concentrate by the traditional extraction method is generally 20% -50%, and the saponin extraction method shown in the embodiment has a remarkable improvement on the saponin extraction rate. And the vacuum pumping method is adopted, so that the red ginseng can be concentrated at a lower temperature to extract saponin, and the activity of effective components in the saponin is well ensured.
Example two
Step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
The circulation stirring time of the primary mixture obtained by circulation stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ is 10 hours, the circulation stirring time of the secondary mixture obtained by circulation stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ is 12 hours, the stirring time of the tertiary mixture obtained by circulation stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 10 hours, and the stirring time of the quaternary mixture obtained by circulation stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 8 hours.
In this example, the first extraction time was 10 hours. The second extraction time is 12 hours, the third extraction time is 10 hours, the fourth extraction time is 8 hours, by controlling the extraction time of each time, the saponin can be separated out to the maximum extent in each extraction, the finally obtained saponin content is more than 65%, the sugar degree can reach more than 73%, the extraction time is shortened, and the extraction efficiency is improved.
EXAMPLE III
Step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
Wherein the alcohol content of the raw materials and the alcohol in the mixing process according to the specific gravity of 1:5 is 85%, and the alcohol content of the primary remainder and the alcohol in the mixing process according to the specific gravity of 1:6 is 50%. Because the raw materials used in the second extraction are the residues after the first extraction and concentration, the alcohol content of the alcohol used in the second extraction is 50%, and the alcohol content of the alcohol discharged in the first concentration is 80-85%, so that the alcohol discharged in the first extraction can be re-blended for recycling, and resources are saved. Repeated tests show that the saponin precipitation effect is optimal when the alcohol content of the alcohol used in the first extraction is 85%. Compared with the second embodiment, the content of the total saponins finally obtained in the embodiment is improved, the content of the total saponins is 68%, and the sugar degree can reach over 73%.
Example four
Step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
The sugar degree of the primary concentrate is 72-75%, the saponin content of the primary concentrate is 400mg/g, the sugar degree of the secondary concentrate is 65-68%, the saponin content of the secondary concentrate is 200-250 mg/g, the sugar degree of the tertiary concentrate is 55-50%, the saponin content of the tertiary concentrate is 40-80 mg/g, the sugar degree of the quartic concentrate is 45-50%, and the saponin content of the quartic concentrate is 16-30 mg/g. In other embodiments, there is no specific concentration time in each concentration process, in this embodiment, the total concentration time is determined by monitoring the saponin content of each concentrate in real time, so that the substances in the tank can be sufficiently concentrated, the extraction rate of the saponin is further improved, the total saponin content in the final concentrate of this embodiment can reach about 70%, and the sugar degree can reach over 73%.
EXAMPLE five
Step S1, primary extraction: mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
step S2, primary concentration: heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
step S3, secondary extraction: mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
step S4, secondary concentration: heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
step S5, three-time extraction: mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
step S6, third concentration: heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
step S7, four times of extraction: mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
step S8, four-time concentration: heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
step S9, blending: uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
step S10, five times of concentration: heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
Step S11, stirring and fermenting: the final concentrate was fermented with stirring for 15 days to give a processed concentrate.
The final concentrate is further stirred and fermented, and the obtained finished product has better taste and is more beneficial to the absorption of human body. The extraction method of the embodiment not only improves the extraction rate of the saponin and the sugar degree of the finished product, but also greatly improves the full utilization of the raw materials, and the yield can reach more than 90% under the conditions that the extraction rate of the total saponin is more than 65% and the sugar degree is 73%.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise procedures described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for extracting red ginseng saponin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing raw materials with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:5, wherein the raw materials comprise red ginseng rootlets and main roots, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain a primary mixture;
heating the primary mixture to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa-0.09 MPa to obtain a primary concentrate and a primary residue;
mixing the primary residue with alcohol according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ to obtain a secondary mixture;
heating the secondary mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 2h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 2h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a secondary concentrate and a secondary residue;
mixing the secondary residues with purified water according to the specific gravity of 1:6, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a third mixture;
heating the third mixture to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a third concentrate and a third remainder;
mixing the three residues with purified water according to the proportion of 1:4, and circularly stirring at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ to obtain a mixture for four times;
heating the mixture for four times to 60-65 ℃, vacuumizing for 30min every 1h, wherein the vacuum degree of vacuumizing for 30min every 1h is-0.04 MPa-0.06 MPa, and recycling for multiple times to obtain a concentrate for four times;
uniformly blending the primary concentrate, the secondary concentrate, the tertiary concentrate and the quartic concentrate to obtain blended concentrates;
heating the prepared concentrate to 60-65 ℃ under the condition of vacuum degree of-0.07 MPa to-0.08 MPa to obtain the final concentrate.
2. A method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the cyclic stirring time for the first mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at a temperature of 25-30 ℃ is 10 hours, the cyclic stirring time for the second mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at a temperature of 45-50 ℃ is 12 hours, the stirring time for the third mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at a temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 10 hours, and the stirring time for the fourth mixture obtained by cyclic stirring at a temperature of 60-65 ℃ is 8 hours.
3. The method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol content of the raw material mixed with alcohol at a specific gravity of 1:5 is 85%, and the alcohol content of the primary residue mixed with alcohol at a specific gravity of 1:6 is 50%.
4. A red ginseng saponin extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the sugar degree of the primary concentrate is 72-75%, the saponin content of the primary concentrate is 400mg/g, the sugar degree of the secondary concentrate is 65-68%, the saponin content of the secondary concentrate is 200-250 mg/g, the sugar degree of the tertiary concentrate is 55-50%, the saponin content of the tertiary concentrate is 40-80 mg/g, the sugar degree of the quartic concentrate is 45-50%, and the saponin content of the quartic concentrate is 16-30 mg/g.
5. A method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the final concentrate is fermented with stirring for several days to obtain a processed concentrate.
6. A method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation time for several days under stirring is 15 days.
7. A method for extracting saponins from red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the red ginseng rootlets and the main root in the raw material is 2: 3.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104784230A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-22 | 百济红蔘株式会社 | Fermented red ginseng and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106806396A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-09 | 法人公司株式会社韩国黑红参 | Fermented ginseng containing the active ginseng saponin(e for enhancing body absorption rate or fermented black red ginseng extract manufacture method |
| CN108126001A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-08 | 辽宁阳光保健品有限公司 | A kind of ginseng extract and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104784230A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-22 | 百济红蔘株式会社 | Fermented red ginseng and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106806396A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-09 | 法人公司株式会社韩国黑红参 | Fermented ginseng containing the active ginseng saponin(e for enhancing body absorption rate or fermented black red ginseng extract manufacture method |
| CN108126001A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-06-08 | 辽宁阳光保健品有限公司 | A kind of ginseng extract and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200110 |