CN110663541A - Method for directly obtaining distant hybrid of wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivated species and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for directly obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame with Congo fruits and cultivars and a cultivation method, wherein the method for obtaining the distant hybrid comprises the following steps: performing artificial hybridization by taking wild sesame as a female parent and a sesame cultivar as a male parent, performing conventional field management, and obtaining the collected seeds as the distant hybrid; wherein the artificial hybridization comprises the artificial pollination of the female parent for more than two consecutive days before and after the blooming. By limiting the time of repeated pollination, true distant hybrids are obtained. Overcomes the defects that the conventional hybridization method can not directly obtain sesame distant hybrid plants and the method for obtaining the sesame hybrid plants by adopting the immature embryo rescue technology is difficult to be widely popularized and utilized; lays a foundation for the transfer and utilization of the excellent genes of the wild sesame seeds and provides technical support for perfecting the distant hybridization breeding technology of the sesame seeds.

Description

Method for directly obtaining distant hybrid of wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivated species and cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological breeding, in particular to a method and a cultivation method for obtaining a wild sesame and cultivar distant hybrid.

Background

Sesame (s.indicum l., 2n ═ 26) belongs to the genus benne of the family of sesameiaceae, is one of ancient oil crops, and is also a traditional high-quality oil crop in China; moreover, sesame seeds contain rich unsaturated fatty acid and protein, sesamin (sesamin), sesamol (sesamol), vitamin E and other natural antioxidant substances, so that sesame is also a health food, has high nutritional value and wide consumer groups, and is an indispensable raw material for many traditional foods in China.

However, as sesame cultivars are subjected to long-term evolution and artificial selection, many excellent genes are eliminated, so that the genetic basis among breeding parents is narrower and narrower, and the genetic diversity is poor; and the sesame seed has poor disease resistance and stain resistance, is easily influenced by environmental conditions, and seriously influences the development of sesame production. The wild sesame seeds form extremely rich genetic diversity adapted to different natural environments in the long-term evolution process, and a plurality of beneficial genes are gathered, such as wild sesame seeds (S.schinziana A.,2n ═ 64) with excellent characteristics of drought resistance, disease resistance, stain resistance, cold resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, so that the introduction of the beneficial genes in the wild sesame seeds into the cultivars can not only increase the genetic diversity of cultivar resources and improve the disease resistance and stain resistance, but also has important significance for creating excellent new germplasm and cultivating new varieties.

Therefore, a large amount of research is carried out by scholars at home and abroad on the distant hybridization technology of sesames, and the research shows that the conventional hybridization method generally comprises artificial emasculation; single pollination or repeated pollination within one day; the method has the problems of hybrid seed harvesting and the like, but the method has the phenomena of hybrid seed immature, hybrid embryo immature and the like, and can not obtain sesame distant hybrid plants; most of the conventional methods for successfully obtaining the sesamu distant hybrid plants adopt a young embryo rescue technology, wherein the young embryo rescue technology is used for promoting the young embryo to develop into a plant by artificially improving the development conditions of the young embryo. However, the immature embryo rescue technology requires a relatively perfect tissue culture technology platform and the embryo culture technology needs to be mastered, so that the method for obtaining sesame hybrid plants by adopting the immature embryo rescue technology is difficult to be widely popularized and utilized, and the popularization of distant hybridization for sesame breeding improvement is greatly limited, so that the establishment of the method for directly obtaining the distant hybrids of wild sesame and cultivated species can provide technical support for accelerating the transfer utilization of the excellent property genes of the wild sesame and perfecting the sesame distant hybridization breeding technology.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the conventional hybridization method can not obtain sesame distant hybrid plants and the method for obtaining sesame hybrid plants by adopting the immature embryo rescue technology in the prior art is difficult to widely popularize and utilize, thereby providing a method for directly obtaining wild sesame and cultivar distant hybrids and a cultivation method.

Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for directly obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame with Congo and cultivars comprises the following steps: performing artificial hybridization by taking wild sesame as a female parent and a sesame cultivar as a male parent, performing conventional field management, and obtaining the collected seeds as the distant hybrid;

wherein the artificial hybridization comprises the artificial pollination of the female parent for more than two consecutive days before and after the blooming.

The artificial hybridization comprises the following steps:

collecting and preserving pollen of male parents: adopting the corolla containing stamen in the full-bloom period of the male parent, and sealing and shading at low temperature for storage;

castration of female parent: removing corolla and stamen of flowers to be blooming in the next day of the bloom stage of the female parent at evening, and keeping pistil;

and (4) repeat pollination: and (3) the collected pollen of the male parent is conferred to the pistil of the female parent after artificial emasculation to finish the first pollination, and the second pollination is carried out in the next morning.

The time of the first pollination is the evening when the female parent is castrated.

The low temperature in the steps of male parent pollen collection and short-term preservation is 5-15 ℃.

The wild sesame and the sesame cultivar are sown in batches to ensure that the parents meet in flowering periods.

The female parent is sowed for 10-15 days in advance of the male parent; because the flowering phases of parents are inconsistent, the staggered-period sowing is selected, the flowering phase of the female parent is delayed, and the female parent can be sowed for 10-15 days in advance compared with the male parent, so that the success rate of pollination is improved, and further, the distant hybrid of the wild sesame of Congo fruits and cultivated species is obtained.

The planting row spacing of the female parent is 55-65cm, and the planting spacing is 35-45 cm; the row spacing of the male parent is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 15-25 cm; the seeding time of the female parent is 5 last ten days or 6 last ten days of the month. Because the wild sesames congo have strong branching characteristics, the planting density is limited during planting, and the growth of the wild sesames congo is facilitated.

The sesame cultivar is any one of Ganzi No. 11, Ganzi No. 12, Ganzi No. 13, Ganzi No. 14, Ganzi No. 3, Ganzi No. 10, Ganzi No. 12, Ganzi No. 13 and Ganzi No. 15.

The invention also provides a cultivation method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivated species, which comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out germination cultivation, seedling raising and transplanting on the directly obtained distant hybrid.

The germination cultivation in the seedling transplanting step refers to that the harvested seeds are placed in an environment with the temperature of 26-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90-100% for germination cultivation.

The seedling raising is to transfer the seeds exposed to the white color into a seedling raising block after the seeds to be germinated and cultured are exposed to the white color, and cover a substrate for seedling raising;

and the transplanting is to transplant the seedlings in the seedling raising blocks to the field when the seedlings grow to 1-2 pairs of full-spread true leaves.

The matrix is loose; preferably, the loose matrix is a peat soil matrix.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention provides a method for directly obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame with Congo fruits and cultivars, which comprises the following steps: performing artificial hybridization by taking wild sesame as a female parent and a sesame cultivar as a male parent, performing conventional field management, and obtaining the collected seeds as the distant hybrid; wherein the artificial hybridization comprises the artificial pollination of the female parent for more than two consecutive days before and after the blooming. The time of repeated pollination is limited, so that a real distant hybrid plant is directly obtained, and the defects that the sesame distant hybrid plant cannot be directly obtained by the conventional hybridization method and the method for obtaining the sesame hybrid plant by adopting the immature embryo rescue technology is difficult to widely popularize and utilize are overcome; moreover, a foundation is laid for the transfer and utilization of the excellent genes of the wild sesame with congo, and a technical support is provided for the perfection of the distant hybridization breeding technology of the sesame.

2. According to the method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame seeds in Congo fruits and the cultivars, the inventor finds that the sesame stigma has certain pollination property one day before the flowers are opened, the pollination property of the stigma can meet the hybridization requirement at the castration evening time, and the pollination property of the stigma is obviously reduced from the flower opening to the afternoon, so that the pollination success rate is very low. Therefore, pollination is carried out once in the evening before the flowers are opened, the next morning is the time for pollen scattering of the sesame seeds, namely pollination is carried out again in the opening of the flowers, and the time for pollination is finished when the stigmas can be fertilized well, so that the improvement of hybridization affinity is facilitated, and further distant hybrids are obtained.

3. According to the method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and the cultivated species, the inventor also finds that the sesame flower is generally opened and pollen is scattered in the morning, and the corolla naturally falls off in the afternoon to cause pollen to be scattered or lose vigor, so that the pollen opened in the morning needs to be collected and stored in a short period so as to be convenient for pollination in the evening; and the vitality of the pollen is not reduced basically after the pollen is preserved for a short time by adopting a low-temperature sealed shading preservation method, the pollen can normally germinate and complete fertilization after hybridization, and the requirement of pollination can be completely met. Therefore, the invention adopts the collection and preservation of the pollen of the male parent, can effectively prevent the pollen of the male parent from being scattered or losing vitality and ensure the success rate of the first pollination.

4. According to the method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the sesame in congo and the cultivar, the flowering phases of parents are inconsistent, so that the success rate of pollination can be improved by sowing in a staggered period, and the distant hybrid of the sesame in congo and the cultivar can be obtained.

5. The invention provides a cultivation method of the wild sesame with the distant hybrid of the cultivar, which comprises the following steps: carrying out germination cultivation, seedling cultivation and transplanting on the hybrid obtained by distant hybridization of the above-mentioned wild sesame seeds and cultivars; due to the reasons that the germination vigor of hybrid seeds is weak, the growth vigor of seedling plants is not vigorous and the like, the growth of real hybrids can be well protected by adopting seedling transplantation.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a morphological comparison of distant hybrid plants and parental plants of Gongguo wild sesame and cultivar Ganoderma 11 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an electrophoresis chart of SSR molecular marker identification of distant hybrid plants of sesame seeds of Congo wild and cultivated species of Ganoderma lucidum 11 in the invention;

FIG. 3 is the SSR molecular marker identification electrophoretogram of the distant hybrid plants of the sesame seeds of Congo wild in the comparative example and the cultivated species glossy ganoderma 11.

Reference numerals:

a is wild sesame of Congo, B is the true hybrid of wild sesame of Congo and glossy ganoderma 11 in the cultivated species in the experimental example, C is glossy ganoderma 11 in the sesame cultivated species; 1 is a bud-stage plant (Bar is 5cm), 2 is a flowering-stage plant, 3 is a leaf blade with different parts (Bar is 5cm, and a basal part, a middle part and an upper part are sequentially arranged from left to right), 4 is a corolla and an anther (Bar is 1cm), and 5 is pollen fertility observation (Bar is 100 mu m); HS04, HS23, HS28, ZM01, ZM09 and ZM10 are names of 6 pairs of amphiphilic difference SSR primers, PS is female parent stigmata acuminata, PI is male parent cultivated species glossy ganoderma 11, and SI-1, SI-2 and SI-3 are 3 distant hybrid plants. C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-5 are 5 pseudo-hybrid plants obtained in comparative example 1.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.

For the convenience of data comparison, the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits are used as female parents and the ganoderma lucidum 11 of cultivated species is used as male parents in all the examples and comparative examples of the invention.

10 × Taq buffer was purchased from Fermentas;

10mMol dNTPs were purchased from Biotechnology, Inc., Beijing ancient cooking;

5U/. mu.l Taq DNA polymerase was purchased from Fermentas.

Examples

The embodiment provides a method for obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame with Congo fruits and cultivars and a cultivation method of the hybrid, which specifically comprises the following steps:

wild sesame of Congo is used as female parent, and ganoderma lucidum 11 in cultivated species is used as male parent.

And (3) parent planting: the female parent is sowed in 2017 at 25 days in 5 months, and the male parent 11 is sowed in 2017 at 6 days in 6 months. Wherein the row spacing of the female parent is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm; the row spacing of the male parent is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

Collecting and storing pollen of the male parent in a short period: after the parents enter the full bloom stage, the corolla (containing stamen) with the blooming corolla and pollen beginning to disperse in the male parent is taken in the morning of 7:00 at 25.7.7.2017, the corolla is placed in a sealed box filled with moist filter paper, the humidity of the corolla is 80 percent, and the sealed box is placed in a low-temperature environment at 5 ℃ and is stored in a shading mode until evening.

Manual castration: in 2017, in 7, in 25, in the evening, at 19:00, the corolla and the stamen of a flower which is about to open on the next day of the female parent plant are manually removed, and only the pistil is reserved.

Pollination for the first time: after the female parent is manually castrated, the collected and preserved pollen of the male parent is immediately taken out and is granted to the pistil of the female parent after the artificial castration.

And (4) repeat pollination: and 7:00 am on 26 th 7.7.7.7.7.7.3.3.3.3.3.3, pollen on stamens of paternal flowers which are opening is taken to pollinate the female parent pistils pollinated for the first time again.

Repeating the steps of collecting pollen of the male parent, short-term preservation, artificial emasculation, first pollination and repeated pollination, wherein the number of pollinated flowers is 650 in total.

Harvesting seeds: after repeated pollination for 40 days, capsules and seeds are mature, 216 capsules which grow normally are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, 157 seeds which grow normally are collected, and the seeds are dried and stored.

Seedling and transplanting: in 26 days in 5 months of the next year, seeds harvested after hybridization are placed in a culture dish filled with 3 layers of filter paper, and germination cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 100%; after the seeds for germination and cultivation show white, transferring 138 normally-shown white seeds into a seedling block with the humidity of 100%, and covering loose matrix peat soil for seedling cultivation; transplanting the seedlings of the seedling-raising plants to the field when the seedlings grow to 1-2 pairs of full-developed true leaves.

Comparative example

The embodiment provides a method for distant hybridization of wild sesame seeds and cultivated species and a cultivation method of seeds obtained by the hybridization, which specifically comprise the following steps:

wild sesame of Congo is used as female parent, and ganoderma lucidum 11 in cultivated species is used as male parent.

And (3) parent planting: sowing the male parent and the female parent in 2017 in 6 months and 1 day, wherein the row spacing of the female parent is 65cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm; the row spacing of the male parent is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

Manual castration: manually removing corolla and stamen of the flower to be opened on the next day of the female parent plant in the evening of 30 days in 7 and 30 days in 2017, only keeping the pistil, and hanging a hang tag as a mark.

Pollination: in 2017, 7, 31, morning 6: 00 pollen on the stamen of the flower of the male parent which is just opening is taken to be endowed with the female parent pistil which is manually castrated and marked.

The steps of artificial emasculation and pollination are repeated, and 580 flowers are hybridized.

Harvesting seeds: after repeated pollination for 40 days, the capsules and seeds are mature and can be harvested. 195 capsules with normal development and growth are harvested in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, and seeds with normal development are collected, dried and stored, wherein 106 capsules with normal development and growth are harvested.

Seedling and transplanting: in 2018, 5 and 26 months, the seeds harvested after hybridization are placed in a culture dish padded with 3 layers of filter paper, and germination cultivation is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 28 ℃ and the humidity is 100%; after the seeds for germination and cultivation show white, transferring 76 normal white-showing seeds into a seedling block with the humidity of 100%, and covering loose matrix peat soil for seedling; transplanting the seedlings of the seedling-raising plants to the field when the seedlings grow to 1-2 pairs of full-developed true leaves.

Examples of the experiments

The progeny plants of the above experimental examples were subjected to morphological and molecular marker identification.

And (3) carrying out morphological identification on the progeny plants:

after 25 days of seedling transplantation, the progeny plants enter a bud flowering phase, and the characteristics indexes of leaves, stems, flower crown colors, honey gland sizes, pollen fertility and the like of the parents, the hybrid progeny plants in the embodiment and the comparative example are compared and observed, specifically shown in table 1, and the plant growth vigor of the experimental example 1 is shown in figure 1.

Preparation of 1% acetic acid magenta staining solution: adding distilled water 55ml into 45ml glacial acetic acid, boiling, slowly adding carmine 1g, stirring, adding 1 iron rust nail, boiling for 10min, cooling, filtering, and storing in brown bottle.

The specific operation steps for observing pollen fertility are as follows:

placing pollen in a glass slide, dripping 2 drops of 1% acetic acid carmine staining solution, mixing thoroughly, immediately staining for 15min with a cover plate, and sucking the excess staining solution to perform microscopic observation under a microscope.

TABLE 1 morphological identification results of the offspring plants of the male parent and the female parent and each experimental example and comparative example

As can be seen from FIG. 1 and Table 1, the growth performance of each character of the hybrid plant in the experimental example is between parents, and pollen aborts, and can be preliminarily regarded as a real hybrid plant; the results in table 1 show that the growth performance of each character of the hybrid plant in the comparative example is completely consistent with that of the female parent plant, and the hybrid plant can be preliminarily regarded as an unreal hybrid plant.

And (3) identifying molecular markers of the progeny plants:

adopting the leaves of the plants of the parents, the leaves of the 3 progeny plants of the experimental example 1 and the leaves of the 5 progeny plants of the comparative example 1, and firstly, extracting DNA by using 2 multiplied CTAB extracting solution; secondly, screening different SSR molecular markers by using parental DNA, and screening 6 pairs of SSR primers with different parents from 40 pairs of primers, wherein the specific 6 pairs of SSR primers with different parents are shown in a DNA sequence table; then, the 6 pairs of differential DNA primers are used for carrying out PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis detection on 3 progeny plant DNAs of the parental and experimental examples and 5 plant DNAs of the comparative examples, wherein the electrophoresis result of the experimental example is shown in figure 2, and the electrophoresis result of the comparative example is shown in figure 3.

The preparation method of the 2 xCTAB extracting solution comprises the following steps:

weighing 4g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), 16.364g of NaCl, 20ml of 1M Tris-HCl (pH is 8.0) and 8ml of 0.5M EDTA (pH is 8.0), dissolving with 70ml of sterile ultrapure water, then fixing the volume to 200ml, sterilizing, cooling, sequentially adding 400ul of 1% 2-mercaptoethanol, and shaking uniformly.

The preparation method of TE buffer solution is as follows:

1) preparation of 1M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0): weighing 6.06g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, adding 40ml of ultrapure water for dissolving, dropwise adding concentrated HCl to adjust the pH value to 8.0, and fixing the volume to 50 ml;

2) formulation of 0.5M EDTA (pH 8.0): 9.306g of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt is weighed, 35ml of ultrapure water is added, vigorous stirring is carried out, the pH value is adjusted to 8.0 by NaOH particles, and the volume is fixed to 50 ml;

3) preparation of TE buffer: taking 1ml of the 1M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) solution, 0.2ml of 0.5M EDTA (pH 8.0) solution and metering to 100ml with ultrapure water to obtain the final product.

The method for extracting DNA by using 2 xCTAB extracting solution is as follows:

taking 2 plant leaves, putting the plant leaves into a mortar, adding liquid nitrogen, cooling, grinding, and transferring the ground plant leaves into a 2ml centrifuge tube; adding 800 μ l of 2 × CTAB extract, taking out after water bath at 65 ℃ for 45min, and cooling to room temperature; adding 800ul of a mixture of chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (v/v-24/1), and slowly shaking for 5 min; centrifuging at 12000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 0.6ul of pre-cooled isopropanol at-20 deg.C, mixing, and standing for 15 min; centrifuging at 3000rpm for 3min, removing supernatant, leaving flocculent precipitate, adding 70% ethanol solution 1ml, and rinsing for 15 min; removing the upper layer solution, leaving flocculent precipitate, and air drying; after dissolving in 30ul of TE buffer, the mixture was stored in a freezer at-20 ℃ until use.

The specific operation of the SSR molecular marker primer is as follows:

the extracted DNA is used as a template to be applied to a PCR reaction system, and the obtained SSR-PCR reaction system (15 mu l) is as follows: 50 ng/. mu.l template DNA 2. mu.l, 50 ng/. mu.l forward and reverse primers each 1. mu.l, 10 XTaq buffer 1.5. mu.l, 10mMol dNTPs 0.3. mu.l, 25mMol MgCl₂Mu.l of Taq DNA polymerase 1.2. mu.l and 5U/. mu.l 0.2. mu.l.

The procedure for PCR amplification was:

the PCR amplification program is 94 ℃ denaturation for 3 min; denaturation at 94 ℃ for 60s, annealing at 57 ℃ for 30s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 45s for 40 cycles; then, the extension was carried out at 72 ℃ for 10min, and the resulting product was stored at 4 ℃.

The gel electrophoresis detection method comprises the following steps:

carrying out electrophoretic separation on the PCR product by using 6% PAGE gel, wherein an electrophoretic buffer solution is a 1 xTBE solution, electrophoresis is carried out for 1.5h by using 150V constant-pressure electrophoresis, after the electrophoresis is finished, fixing the gel by using a 10% acetic acid solution for 6min, and carrying out silver staining by using a 0.2% silver nitrate aqueous solution for 12 min; rinsing twice with distilled water for 2 minutes each time; then, the gel was developed in a mixed solution of 1.5% sodium hydroxide and 0.4% formaldehyde, and finally rinsed with clean water and the read data was recorded.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the amplification products of the 6 pairs of SSR primers in each experimental example show that: the DNA bands amplified by 3 progeny plants are from parents, so the authenticity of hybrid plants in experimental examples is proved molecularly; as shown in the attached figure 3, the amplification results of the 4 pairs of SSR primers in the comparative example show that the bands amplified by the randomly selected 5 plant DNAs are female parents, and male parent bands are not detected, so that the plants obtained in the comparative example are molecularly shown to be pseudo hybrids.

The results of the morphological identification and the molecular marker identification of the progeny plants in the experimental examples can be known as follows: according to the method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the sesame in the congo and the cultivar, provided by the invention, the time for repeated pollination is limited to obtain a real distant hybrid plant, so that the problem that the hybrid can only be obtained through embryo rescue in the conventional sesame distant hybrid breeding research process is solved, and the heavy workload of tissue culture in the embryo rescue process is reduced; and the method can directly realize the distant hybridization of the wild sesame seeds of Congo with the cultivated species without a tissue culture technical platform to obtain a real hybrid, lays a foundation for the transfer and utilization of the excellent genes of the wild sesame seeds of Congo, and provides technical support for perfecting the distant hybridization breeding technology of sesame.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

SEQUENCE LISTING

<110> institute of agricultural sciences college of Jiangxi province

<120> a method and cultivation method for directly obtaining distant hybrids of wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivars

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Claims (10)

1. A method for directly obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivars is characterized by comprising the following steps: performing artificial hybridization by taking wild sesame as a female parent and a sesame cultivar as a male parent, performing conventional field management, and obtaining the collected seeds as the distant hybrid;

wherein the artificial hybridization comprises the artificial pollination of the female parent for more than two consecutive days before and after the blooming.

2. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame congo and the cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the artificial hybridization comprises the following steps:

collecting and preserving pollen of male parents: adopting the corolla containing stamen in the full-bloom period of the male parent, and sealing and shading at low temperature for storage;

castration of female parent: removing corolla and stamen of flowers to be blooming in the next day of the bloom stage of the female parent at evening, and keeping pistil;

and (4) repeat pollination: and (3) the collected pollen of the male parent is conferred to the pistil of the female parent after artificial emasculation to finish the first pollination, and the second pollination is carried out in the next morning.

3. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid between the sesame seeds of Congo fruit and the cultivar according to claim 1, wherein the time of the first pollination is evening when the female parent is castrated.

4. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of Gossypium congolense and cultivar according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the low temperature in the pollen collection and short-term preservation of the male parent is 5-15 ℃.

5. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruit and the cultivated species according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruit and the cultivated species of sesame are sowed in batch to ensure the florescence meeting of the parents.

6. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame seeds of Congo fruit and the cultivar according to claim 5, wherein the female parent is sowed 10-15 days earlier than the male parent.

7. The method for directly obtaining the distant hybrid of the wild sesame with the Congo fruits and the cultivar according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the sesame cultivar is any one of Ganzi No. 11, Ganzi No. 12, Ganzi No. 13, Ganzi No. 14, Ganzi No. 3, Ganzi No. 10, Ganzi No. 12, Ganzi No. 13 and Ganzi No. 15.

8. A cultivation method for directly obtaining a distant hybrid of wild sesame seeds of Congo fruits and cultivated species is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out germination cultivation, seedling cultivation and transplanting on the distant hybrid directly obtained according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The method for cultivating the distant hybrid of wild sesame and cultivar of congo sativa according to claim 8, wherein the germination cultivation is carried out by placing the harvested seeds in an environment with a temperature of 26-30 ℃ and a humidity of 90-100%.

10. The method for cultivating the distant hybrid of wild sesame seed and cultivar of Congo fruit according to claim 8, wherein the cultivation of seedlings is carried out by transferring the seeds exposed to the white color into a seedling cultivation block and covering the seedling cultivation block with a substrate after the seeds to be germinated and cultivated are exposed to the white color;

and the transplanting is to transplant the seedlings in the seedling raising blocks to the field when the seedlings grow to 1-2 pairs of full-spread true leaves.

Images