CN110658064A - Device and method for acquiring optimal supporting force of tunnel fluid lining support in simulation mode - Google Patents
Device and method for acquiring optimal supporting force of tunnel fluid lining support in simulation mode Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for simulating and acquiring optimal supporting force of a tunnel fluid lining support, wherein side plates are respectively arranged on four side surfaces and the top of a rectangular pit body, hydraulic jacks for applying pressure are arranged outside the side plates at the positions of the four side surfaces, and the side plates at the top are anchored at the part below the ground of the rectangular pit body through anchor rods; an unloading hole is processed in the center of one side face of the side plate, a hole is processed in a soft rock sample at the position of the unloading hole, and a pressure sensor and a strain gauge are distributed on the inner wall of the hole; the pressure sensor and the strain gauge are respectively connected with the acquisition system through leads; the hole is internally provided with a partition support, and oil bags are arranged in different partitions of the partition support. The method solves the problem of determining the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, short measuring time and high measuring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering, and relates to a technology for acquiring optimal supporting force of tunnel fluid lining support in a simulation mode.
Background
The core content of the tunnel lining support is surrounding rock and support, and the main purpose of the tunnel design is to make a support and a construction method corresponding to the surrounding rock. In order to effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, the stress deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock must be clarified, and the interaction between the surrounding rock and the supporting structure must be further solved. When the supporting force of the supporting structure is insufficient, the free face of the surrounding rock moves, the depth of the loosening ring is increased, and the stability of the surrounding rock is not ensured; and when the supporting force of the supporting structure is too large, overlarge pressure can be generated on the surrounding rock, the surrounding rock can be broken, and the stability of the surrounding rock is reduced.
With the introduction of new technology and new science, research on the interaction between surrounding rocks and supports in tunnel engineering is deepened gradually, but research on the aspect of optimal supporting force of a lining is lacked.
At present, a device capable of directly, simply and quickly measuring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel lining does not exist, and the device with the function of surrounding rock testing has the following problems: the method has the advantages of large occupied area, difficult equipment entry, long field measurement period, high cost, damage to the stress distribution of the original soil body in the measurement and operation process of the equipment and inaccurate measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for acquiring the optimal supporting force of a tunnel fluid lining support in a simulation mode, which solve the problem of determining the size of the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining, keep more stable and durable support under the support of the optimal supporting force of a tunnel rock mass, and avoid the collapse of a supporting structure caused by overlarge or undersize supporting force; the method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, short in measurement time and high in measurement precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a device for acquiring the optimal supporting force of a tunnel fluid lining support in a simulated mode comprises a rectangular pit body for placing a soft rock sample, side plates are arranged on four side faces and the top of the rectangular pit body respectively, hydraulic jacks for applying pressure are arranged outside the side plates at the positions of the four side faces, and the side plates at the top are anchored at the part, below the ground, of the rectangular pit body through anchor rods; an unloading hole is processed in the center of one side face of the side plate, a hole is processed in a soft rock sample at the position of the unloading hole, and a pressure sensor and a strain gauge are distributed on the inner wall of the hole; the pressure sensor and the strain gauge are respectively connected with the acquisition system through leads; the hole is internally provided with a partition support, and oil bags are arranged in different partitions of the partition support.
The soft rock sample is a square soft rock body extracted from the site.
And a closed space for the soft rock sample is enclosed among the side plates, so that the stress of surrounding rock masses in the original environment on the soft rock sample is simulated while the obtained soft rock sample is compacted.
The side plates are made of transparent high-strength plates.
A plurality of vertical holes are processed on the side plate positioned at the top, the vertical holes penetrate into the soft rock sample to a certain depth, a rod piece is arranged in each vertical hole, a pressure sensor is installed at the tail end of each rod piece, and the tail end of the top of each rod piece is fixed on the side plate.
And scale marks are symmetrically arranged on the side plate at the unloading hole along the central axis of the side plate.
The partition support is formed by welding two steel plates into an X shape to form four separated areas, the partition support is supported by the oil bags and is not in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and one oil bag is placed in each area.
The oil bag is a container formed by bonding TPU materials, has the characteristics of high strength and wear resistance, adopts a mode of filling oil liquid firstly and pumping silt solid matter into the oil bag so as to extrude and discharge the liquid, and solidifies after mixing oil and silt, so that stable and durable support is provided while the leakage possibility of fillers in the oil bag is reduced; the rate and magnitude of the loading of the supporting force provided by the oil bladder is controlled by means for pressurizing the oil bladder.
After the holes are excavated, the depth of the loosening ring is measured by adopting a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor and combining a double-hole testing method.
The method for simulating by adopting any device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a stress state:
s1.1, acquiring the ground stress of the mountain by using a stress recovery method or a stress relief method on site;
s1.2, excavating a square space at a wide site to form a rectangular pit body, placing the obtained soft rock sample in the rectangular pit body, and sealing the soft rock sample by using five side plates;
s1.3, pressing four side plates on the side surface by a hydraulic jack, and fixing and locking the upper side plates by an anchor rod penetrating into the ground to form a closed space for a soft rock sample;
s1.4, punching four rows of vertical holes which penetrate into the rock sample by using a puncher on an upper side plate, fixing a pressure sensor at the tail end of a rod piece with the length being half of the height of the device through a fixing belt, then placing the rod piece into the vertical holes, and fixing the upper end of the rod piece on the upper side plate for measuring the stress condition in the rock sample, so that the stress state of the soft rock sample is convenient to adjust to be consistent with the original position;
s2, unloading during excavation:
s2.1, cutting a circular unloading hole on one side plate by using a high-pressure water knife, and then manually or by using a punching machine to dig a transverse hole at the unloading hole;
s2.2, after excavation, attaching a strain gauge and a pressure sensor connected with the acquisition system to the inner wall of the hole, starting the strain gauge and the pressure sensor, monitoring the displacement and the stress of the free surface, and detecting the depth of the loosening ring by using a non-metal ultrasonic monitor;
s3, filling and supporting:
firstly, placing a partial pressure bracket in an unloading hole, then respectively placing an oil bag in different areas of the partial pressure bracket, filling liquid into the oil bags, then replacing the liquid with solid such as silt and the like to simulate supporting force, and meanwhile, enabling the strain gauge to be in a working state;
s4, data monitoring and processing:
s4.1, measuring the displacement of the tunnel face through a strain gaugelSupporting powerPTo obtainlWith the specified supporting forcePTo find out the variation curve ofp-lSlope of the curve deltal/△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j1 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if the supporting force P provided by the supporting structurez＜P j1 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the displacement; if Pz＞P j1 If so, the displacement change value corresponding to the unit load change quantity is smaller;
s4.2, measuring the depth of the loose ring of the tunnel by a non-metal ultrasonic monitorl z Drilling a hole by using a common anchor rod drilling machine, drilling a signal receiving hole on the inner wall of an unloading hole, then drilling a corresponding signal transmitting hole outside, and after the measurement is finished, using a computer data analysis system to take the reading with the best effect and representativeness as the final analysis data of the measurement result;
S4and 3, measuring the supporting force through a pressure sensor and drawingl z Supporting force according to specificationPTo find out P-l z Slope of the curve deltal z /△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j2 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if Pz＜P j2 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the depth of the loosening ring; if Pz＞P j2 And the displacement deformation value corresponding to the unit supporting force is smaller.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention overcomes the problems of high cost, complex operation and inaccurate measurement of the existing testing device, and has the characteristics of simple structure, capability of simulating the optimal supporting force of the tunnel lining, low labor intensity, low cost, simple measuring method and accurate measurement.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the arrangement of the pressure sensor and the enclosed space formed by the side plates of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of the strain gauge, the pressure sensor and the nonmetal ultrasonic detector of the invention.
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the depth of the loosening ring and the displacement of the adjacent empty surface and the supporting force.
In the figure: the device comprises a side plate 2, a hydraulic jack 3, an anchor rod 4, a strain gauge 5, a pressure sensor 6, a rod 7, an unloading hole 8, an oil bag 9, a partition support 10, a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor 11, an acquisition system 12 and a lead 13.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-5, a device for obtaining optimal supporting force of tunnel fluid lining support in a simulation mode comprises a rectangular pit body for placing soft rock samples, side plates 2 are arranged on four sides and the top of the rectangular pit body respectively, hydraulic jacks 3 for applying pressure are arranged outside the side plates 2 at the positions of the four sides, and the side plates 2 at the top are anchored at the position below the ground of the rectangular pit body through anchor rods 4; an unloading hole 8 is formed in the center of one side face of the side plate 2, a hole is formed in a soft rock sample at the position of the unloading hole 8, and a pressure sensor 6 and a strain gauge 5 are distributed on the inner wall of the hole; the pressure sensor 6 and the strain gauge 5 are respectively connected with an acquisition system 12 through leads 13; the hole is internally provided with a partition bracket 10, and different partitions of the partition bracket 10 are provided with oil bags 9. Through adopting foretell device, can be used for simulating the tunnel fluid lining support best supporting power, its effectual former tunnel supporting power field measurement of having overcome is complicated, intensity of labour is big, with high costs the problem, has simple structure, with low costs, measures characteristics such as simple and convenient and can acquire tunnel lining support best supporting power fast.
Further, the soft rock sample is a square soft rock body extracted from the site.
Further, the side length of the extracted soft rock mass is 2 m. The depth of the rectangular pit body matched with the soft rock sample is 2m, and the side length of the rectangular pit body is 2.8 m.
Furthermore, a closed space for the soft rock sample is enclosed among the side plates 2, so that the obtained soft rock sample is compacted and the stress of surrounding rock bodies in the original environment on the soft rock sample is simulated. The hydraulic jack 3 is used for applying pressure to four side faces of the side plate 2, and the anchor rod 4 at the top is used for locking the side plate 4 at the top, so that the soft rock sample in the space is subjected to three-way stress of a simulated in-situ rock body.
Further, the side plate 2 is made of a transparent high-strength plate. By adopting the material, the deformation degree of the internal rock sample can be observed conveniently, and meanwhile, the large pressure can be borne.
Furthermore, a plurality of vertical holes are processed on the side plate 2 positioned at the top, the vertical holes penetrate into the soft rock sample to a certain depth, a rod piece 7 is arranged in each vertical hole, a pressure sensor 6 is installed at the tail end of each rod piece 7, and the tail end of the top of each rod piece 7 is fixed on the side plate 2. The method is used for measuring the stress condition in the rock sample, and is convenient for adjusting the stress state of the soft rock sample to be consistent with the original position.
Furthermore, scale marks are symmetrically arranged on the side plate 2, which is located on the side where the unloading hole 8 is located, along the central axis of the side plate. The condition of face sky face and loose circle is convenient for fix a position and monitor. One end of the hydraulic jack 3 is abutted against the side plate 2 to apply pressure, and the other end of the hydraulic jack is abutted against the inner wall of the excavated square space to apply pressure; one end of the anchor rod 4 is locked with the upper side plate 2 through a nut, and the other end of the anchor rod is deeply anchored.
Furthermore, the strain gauge 5 and the pressure sensor 6 are attached to the inner wall of the hole by using epoxy glue after the hole is excavated, so as to measure the displacement and stress conditions of the free surface, and the strain gauge 5 and the pressure sensor 6 are connected with the acquisition system 12 through a lead 13. The pressure sensors 6 and the strain gauges 5 are distributed on the inner wall of the hole in three rings, each ring is more than three, the distribution positions can be properly changed according to actual conditions, and the accuracy of data is improved.
Furthermore, the unloading hole 8 is formed by cutting the side plate 2 by a high-pressure water knife, the diameter of the unloading hole is about 0.7m, and the distance between the edge of the unloading hole and the edge of the PC plate is about 0.6m, so that holes can be conveniently excavated at the unloading hole 8 by manpower or a punching machine.
Furthermore, the subarea support 10 is formed by welding two steel plates into an X shape to form four separated areas, the subarea support 10 is supported by the oil bags 9 and is not contacted with the inner wall of the hole, and one oil bag 9 is arranged in each area. So as to provide supporting force with different sizes at different positions.
Furthermore, the oil bag 9 is a container formed by bonding TPU materials, has the characteristics of high strength and wear resistance, and is characterized in that oil liquid is filled firstly, and then silt solid matter is pumped into the oil bag 9 so as to extrude and discharge the liquid, so that the oil and the silt are mixed and then are solidified, the leakage possibility of fillers in the oil bag 9 is reduced, and meanwhile, stable and durable support is provided; the rate and magnitude of the loading of the supporting force provided by the oil bladder is controlled by means for pressurizing the oil bladder.
Further, after the holes are excavated, the depth of the loosening ring is measured by adopting a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor 11 and combining a double-hole testing method.
Example 2:
the method for simulating by adopting any device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a stress state:
s1.1, acquiring the ground stress of the mountain by using a stress recovery method or a stress relief method on site;
s1.2, excavating a square space at a wide site to form a rectangular pit body, placing the obtained soft rock sample in the rectangular pit body, and sealing the soft rock sample by using five side plates 2;
s1.3, pressing four side plates 3 on the side surfaces through a hydraulic jack 3, and fixedly locking an upper side plate 2 through an anchor rod 4 which extends into the ground to form a closed space for a soft rock sample;
s1.4, punching four rows of vertical holes which penetrate into the interior of the rock sample by using a puncher on the upper side plate 2, fixing a pressure sensor 6 at the tail end of a rod piece 7 with the length being half of the height of the device through a fixing belt, then placing the rod piece 7 into the vertical holes, fixing the upper end of the rod piece 7 on the upper side plate 2, and measuring the stress condition in the rock sample so as to adjust the stress state of the soft rock sample to be consistent with the original position;
s2, unloading during excavation:
s2.1, cutting a circular unloading hole 8 on one side plate 2 by using a high-pressure water knife, and then manually or by using a punching machine to dig a transverse hole at the unloading hole 8;
s2.2, after excavation, attaching a strain gauge 5 and a pressure sensor 6 connected with an acquisition system 12 to the inner wall of the hole, starting the strain gauge 5 and the pressure sensor 6, monitoring the displacement and the stress of the free surface, and detecting the depth of the loose ring through a non-metal ultrasonic monitor 11;
s3, filling and supporting:
firstly, placing a partial pressure bracket 10 in an unloading hole 8, then respectively placing an oil bag 9 in different areas of the partial pressure bracket 10, adopting the method that liquid is filled in the oil bag 9 firstly and then the liquid is changed into solids such as silt and the like to simulate the supporting force, and simultaneously, the strain gauge 5 is in a working state;
s4, data monitoring and processing:
s4.1, measuring the displacement of the tunnel face through the strain gauge 5lSupporting powerPTo obtainlWith the specified supporting forcePTo find out the variation curve ofp-lSlope of the curve deltal/△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j1 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if the supporting force P provided by the supporting structurez＜P j1 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the displacement; if Pz＞P j1 If so, the displacement change value corresponding to the unit load change quantity is smaller;
s4.2, measuring the depth of the loose ring of the tunnel by the nonmetal ultrasonic monitor 11l z Drilling a hole by using a common anchor rod drilling machine, drilling a signal receiving hole on the inner wall of an unloading hole, then drilling a corresponding signal transmitting hole outside, and after the measurement is finished, using a computer data analysis system to take the reading with the best effect and representativeness as the final analysis data of the measurement result;
s4.3, measuring the supporting force through the pressure sensor 6, and drawingl z Supporting force according to specificationPTo find out P-l z Slope of the curve deltal z /△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j2 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if Pz＜P j2 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the depth of the loosening ring; if Pz＞P j2 And the displacement deformation value corresponding to the unit supporting force is smaller.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
measuring the displacement of the free face by using the strain gauge 5 and the supporting force measured by using the pressure sensor 6 to obtain a variation curve of the displacement along with the supporting force, and finding out the supporting force corresponding to the curve slope abrupt change point, namely the required optimal supporting force; or obtaining a change curve of the depth of the surrounding rock loosening ring along with the supporting force by using a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor and the pressure sensor 6, and finding the supporting force corresponding to the slope catastrophe point of the curve, namely the optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a simulation obtains device of best supporting power of tunnel fluid lining support which characterized in that: the soft rock sample storage pit comprises a rectangular pit body for storing a soft rock sample, wherein side plates (2) are respectively arranged on four side surfaces and the top of the rectangular pit body, hydraulic jacks (3) for applying pressure are arranged outside the side plates (2) at the positions of the four side surfaces, and the side plate (2) at the top is anchored at the part below the ground of the rectangular pit body through anchor rods (4); an unloading hole (8) is formed in the center of one side face of the side plate (2), a hole is formed in a soft rock sample at the position of the unloading hole (8), and a pressure sensor (6) and a strain gauge (5) are distributed on the inner wall of the hole; the pressure sensor (6) and the strain gauge (5) are respectively connected with an acquisition system (12) through a lead (13); the hole is internally provided with a partition support (10), and oil bags (9) are arranged in different partitions of the partition support (10).
2. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: the soft rock sample is a square soft rock body extracted from the site.
3. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: and a closed space for the soft rock sample is enclosed among the side plates (2), so that the obtained soft rock sample is compacted and the stress of surrounding rock bodies in the original environment on the soft rock sample is simulated.
4. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: the side plates (2) are made of transparent high-strength plates.
5. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of vertical holes are processed on the side plate (2) positioned at the top, the vertical holes penetrate into the soft rock sample to a certain depth, a rod piece (7) is arranged in each vertical hole, a pressure sensor (6) is installed at the tail end of each rod piece (7), and the tail end of the top of each rod piece (7) is fixed on the side plate (2).
6. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: and scale marks are symmetrically arranged on one side of the side plate (2) where the unloading hole (8) is located along the central axis of the side plate.
7. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: the zoning support (10) is formed by welding two steel plates into an X shape to form four separated areas, the zoning support (10) is supported by the oil bags (9) and is not in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and one oil bag (9) is placed in each area.
8. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: the oil bag (9) is a container formed by bonding TPU materials, has the characteristics of high strength and wear resistance, adopts a mode of filling oil liquid firstly and pumping silt solid matter into the oil bag (9) so as to extrude and discharge the liquid, and solidifies after mixing oil and silt, thereby reducing the leakage possibility of filler in the oil bag (9) and providing stable and durable support; the rate and magnitude of the loading of the supporting force provided by the oil bladder is controlled by means for pressurizing the oil bladder.
9. The device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support according to claim 1, wherein: after the hole is excavated, the depth of the loosening ring is measured by adopting a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor (11) and combining a double-hole testing method.
10. The method for simulating by using the device for simulating and acquiring the optimal supporting force of the tunnel fluid lining support as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring a stress state:
s1.1, acquiring the ground stress of the mountain by using a stress recovery method or a stress relief method on site;
s1.2, excavating a square space at a wide place of the field topography to form a rectangular pit body, placing the obtained soft rock sample in the rectangular pit body, and sealing the soft rock sample by using five side plates (2);
s1.3, pressing four side plates (3) on the side surfaces through a hydraulic jack (3), and fixedly locking an upper side plate (2) through an anchor rod (4) penetrating into the ground to form a closed space for a soft rock sample;
s1.4, punching four rows of vertical holes penetrating into the interior of the rock sample by using a puncher on the upper side plate (2), fixing a pressure sensor (6) at the tail end of a rod piece (7) with the length being half of the height of the device through a fixing belt, then placing the rod piece (7) into the vertical holes, fixing the upper end of the rod piece (7) on the upper side plate (2) for measuring the stress condition in the rock sample, and facilitating adjustment of the stress state of the soft rock sample to be consistent with the original position;
s2, unloading during excavation:
s2.1, cutting a circular unloading hole (8) on one side plate (2) by using a high-pressure water knife, and then manually or by using a punching machine to dig a transverse hole at the unloading hole (8);
s2.2, after excavation, attaching a strain gauge (5) and a pressure sensor (6) connected with an acquisition system (12) to the inner wall of the hole, starting the strain gauge (5) and the pressure sensor (6), monitoring the displacement and the stress of the free surface, and detecting the depth of the loosening ring through a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor (11);
s3, filling and supporting:
firstly, placing a partial pressure bracket (10) in an unloading hole (8), then respectively placing an oil bag (9) in different areas of the partial pressure bracket (10), filling liquid into the oil bag (9), and then replacing the liquid with solids such as silt and the like to simulate supporting force, wherein the strain gauge (5) is in a working state;
s4, data monitoring and processing:
s4.1, measuring the displacement of the tunnel face through a strain gauge (5)lSupporting powerPTo obtainlWith the specified supporting forcePTo find out the variation curve ofp-lSlope of the curve deltal/△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j1 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if the supporting force P provided by the supporting structurez＜P j1 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the displacement; if Pz＞P j1 If so, the displacement change value corresponding to the unit load change quantity is smaller;
s4.2, measuring the depth of the loose ring of the tunnel by a nonmetal ultrasonic monitor (11)l z Drilling a hole by using a common anchor rod drilling machine, drilling a signal receiving hole on the inner wall of an unloading hole, then drilling a corresponding signal transmitting hole outside, and after the measurement is finished, using a computer data analysis system to take the reading with the best effect and representativeness as the final analysis data of the measurement result;
s4.3, measuring the supporting force through the pressure sensor (6), and drawingl z Supporting force according to specificationPTo find out P-l z Slope of the curve deltal z /△PSupporting force corresponding to sudden change pointP j2 The optimal supporting force required by the surrounding rock is obtained; if Pz＜P j2 The reduction of the unit supporting force can lead to the rapid increase of the depth of the loosening ring; if Pz＞P j2 And the displacement deformation value corresponding to the unit supporting force is smaller.
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