CN110658063A - Non-contact type indoor slope model displacement monitoring method - Google Patents
Non-contact type indoor slope model displacement monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110658063A CN110658063A CN201910841329.3A CN201910841329A CN110658063A CN 110658063 A CN110658063 A CN 110658063A CN 201910841329 A CN201910841329 A CN 201910841329A CN 110658063 A CN110658063 A CN 110658063A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method, which comprises the steps of firstly, pouring slope models in layers in an indoor slope model test system; then arranging black points with the diameter of about 2mm on the observation surface of the indoor slope model to be loaded as displacement monitoring points; shooting by using a high-speed camera, and recording the test process; then, carrying out binarization processing on the pictures shot by the high-speed camera; and capturing each displacement monitoring point by utilizing the information of the pixel gray value to obtain the displacement change condition of each displacement monitoring point so as to form a displacement vector diagram. The invention replaces the existing technical method and test means for monitoring displacement in a contact way, clearly and completely obtains the integral displacement and deformation condition of the indoor slope model under the non-contact condition, and has the advantages of high precision, simplicity, easy operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and relates to an indoor side slope model monitoring method, in particular to a non-contact indoor side slope model displacement monitoring method.
Background
China is a country with frequent mountain disasters, particularly side slope disasters, so that research on side slope disasters becomes a problem of wide attention. At present, the existing technology for monitoring the displacement of the side slope indoors is to arrange a strain gauge inside the side slope and simultaneously monitor the displacement deformation condition of the side slope by being matched with a sensor for common use. The indoor slope model displacement testing technology has the following defects: 1. the number of strain gauges which can be arranged and used for displacement monitoring is limited, and for an indoor slope model test, the operation process is too complicated when the strain gauges are arranged; 2. the displacement change condition of the monitorable side slope is limited, and usually only represents the local displacement condition, but the integral displacement and deformation condition of the side slope cannot be clearly reflected; 3. because the strain gauge needs to be matched with the sensor for use, the time for preparing the test in the early stage is greatly increased; 4. for the indoor slope model test, the overall stability of the model can be influenced when the strain gauge is arranged, and certain experimental error is easy to generate.
Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the indoor slope model displacement testing technology, a non-contact indoor slope model displacement testing technology is urgently needed to replace the existing technical method for monitoring displacement by using a contact strain gauge. Therefore, the overall displacement change condition of the slope model in the reaction chamber can be clearly and completely reacted under the non-contact condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the indoor slope model displacement monitoring technology, the invention aims to provide a non-contact indoor slope model displacement testing technology which can clearly and completely obtain the overall displacement and deformation conditions of an indoor slope model under the non-contact condition and has the advantages of high precision, simplicity, easiness in operation and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of observation points with large color difference with a slope model body on an indoor slope model observation surface to be loaded as displacement monitoring points;
step 2, the high-speed camera is opposite to the observation surface, in the process of loading the slope model, loading is carried out by controlling displacement/external force, the real-time deformation condition of the observation surface of the slope model is shot and recorded by the high-speed camera, and continuous shooting is carried out;
step 3, converting the picture obtained in the step 2 into a gray-scale map, extracting gray-scale information of each pixel point, and then extracting displacement monitoring points through binarization processing;
and 4, capturing a plurality of groups of pictures shot by the high-speed camera after binarization processing to each displacement monitoring point, and calculating displacement change values of each displacement monitoring point in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to obtain the displacement change condition of each displacement monitoring point.
Preferably, in step 1, the observation point size is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, in step 1, the observation point is black in color.
Preferably, the specific binarization step in the step 3 is as follows:
selecting a single threshold value T for binaryzation of the whole image, comparing the gray value of each pixel of the image with the threshold value T, and if the gray value of the pixel is greater than or equal to T, changing the gray value of the pixel into 255; if the gray-level value of the pixel is smaller than T, the gray-level value of the pixel is changed to 0, and the formula is expressed as follows:
in the formula, I (I, j) is the gray scale value of the pixel in the ith row and the jth column in the picture, and T is the binary threshold.
Preferably, in step 4, a displacement vector diagram of each displacement monitoring point is drawn according to the displacement change condition of the displacement monitoring point, and the expression is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
the displacement vector of the nth displacement monitoring point at the time t, a0As the edge of a single pixelThe length of the utility model is long,
the number of rows and columns where the nth displacement monitor pixel is located at the initial moment,
for the number of rows and columns where the nth displacement monitor pixel is located at time t,
is a unit direction vector of the nth displacement monitoring point from the initial moment to the t moment, and is expressed as:
preferably, the observation points on the observation surface of the slope model are distributed in a multi-row array.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention replaces the existing technical method and test means for monitoring displacement in a contact way, clearly and completely obtains the integral displacement and deformation condition of the indoor slope model under the non-contact condition, and has the advantages of high precision, simplicity, easy operation and the like.
The non-contact measurement of the invention overcomes the measurement error and the interference to the measurement result caused by the installation of the sensor in the traditional contact measurement, and can restore the real process of the slope displacement to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an indoor slope model test system marked with displacement monitoring points;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an indoor slope model test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph taken by a high speed camera at an initial time;
FIG. 4 is a displacement vector diagram of the indoor slope model after deformation under the action of load.
Reference numerals: 1-bottom angle steel gasket, 2-frame column angle steel, 3-bottom steel plate, 4-baffle, 5-top angle steel gasket, 6-short frame angle steel, 7-long frame angle steel, 8-jack, 9-reaction plate, 10-loading base plate, 11-pressure gauge, 12-dial gauge, 13-indoor slope model, 14-displacement monitoring point.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Step 1, establishing an indoor slope model 13, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the whole experimental device (indoor slope model test system) for establishing the indoor slope model 13 comprises a bottom steel plate 3, four frame upright angle steels 2, two long frame angle steels 7, two short frame angle steels 6, a reaction plate 9, a jack 8 and a loading backing plate 10, wherein the four frame upright angle steels 2 are installed on the bottom steel plate 3 through four bottom angle steel gaskets 1, the two long frame angle steels 7 are respectively fixed at the tops of the four frame upright angle steels 2 through two top angle steel gaskets 5 to form a reaction frame, the two short frame angle steels 6 are fixed at two ends of the two long frame angle steels 7 to respectively increase the stability of the frame, the reaction plate 9 is fixed at the bottoms of the two long frame angle steels 7 through bolts, a baffle plate 4 is respectively fixed at the left side and the right side of the reaction frame, a transparent PMMA plate (not shown in figures 2 and 1) is respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the counterforce frame to be used as an observation surface, a slope model is poured in an area formed by the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate, the front PMMA plate and the rear PMMA plate, and the slope model material is formed by stirring barite powder, fine river sand, gypsum powder, glycerol and water according to the mass ratio of 22.5:55.5:25:2: 16. The indoor slope model 13 is poured in layers, and joints are simulated by uniformly distributing fine river sand among layers. After the indoor side slope model 13 is layered and poured, the indoor side slope model is maintained for 28 days under the normal temperature condition, after the side slope model is poured, a jack 8 with a pressure gauge 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom of a reaction plate 9, a loading base plate 10 is installed between the jack 8 and the top of the side slope model, a dial gauge 12 is installed on the side face of the jack 8, a high-speed camera (not shown in figures 2 and 1) is installed on an observation face, and the optimal shooting angle of the high-speed camera is perpendicular to the observation face.
Step 2, arranging displacement monitoring points as shown in fig. 1, and arranging black points with the size of about 2mm on the observation surface of the indoor slope model 13 to be loaded as the displacement monitoring points 14, wherein the black points can be marked by pigments.
And 3, shooting real-time pictures by the high-speed camera, starting the jack 8 when loading is started, controlling the loading rate by referring to the dial indicator 12 or the pressure gauge 11, and shooting and recording the displacement and deformation conditions of the observation surface of the indoor side slope model 13 by the high-speed camera. Fig. 3 shows a photograph taken by a high-speed camera at the initial moment of loading.
And 4, carrying out binarization processing on the shot real-time photo, converting the photo shot by the high-speed camera in the step 3 into a gray-scale image after loading, and extracting color gray-scale information of each pixel point. The gray value of the pixel marked with the black dot is smaller, and the gray values of other pixels are larger (the gray value of the pixel ranges from 0 to 255). Then, the displacement monitor point 14 is extracted by binarization processing. Namely: selecting a single threshold value T for binaryzation of the whole image, comparing the gray value of each pixel of the image with the threshold value T, and if the gray value of the pixel is greater than T, changing the gray value of the pixel into 255 (namely white); if the gray level of a pixel is less than T, the gray level of the pixel is changed to 0 (i.e. black). The formula is expressed as follows:
in formula (1), I (I, j) is the gray level of the pixel in the ith row and jth column in the picture, and T is the threshold for binarization.
And 5, obtaining a displacement vector diagram of the indoor slope model 13, capturing a plurality of groups of pictures shot by the high-speed camera after binarization processing to each displacement monitoring point 14, and calculating displacement change values of each displacement monitoring point 14 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to obtain the displacement change condition of each displacement monitoring point 14, so that the displacement condition of the slope can be monitored without contacting the indoor slope model 13. Fig. 4 shows a displacement vector diagram of the indoor slope model 13 after deformation under load. The displacement vector expression is as follows:
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
the displacement vector of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at time t, a0Being the side length of a single pixel,
the number of rows and columns of pixels of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at the initial moment,
for the number of rows and columns of pixels of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at time t,
is the unit direction vector of the nth displacement monitoring point 14 from the initial time to the t time, which is expressed as:
while embodiments of the present invention have been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of observation points with large color difference with a slope model body on an indoor slope model observation surface to be loaded as displacement monitoring points;
step 2, the high-speed camera is opposite to the observation surface, in the process of loading the slope model, loading is carried out by controlling displacement/external force, the real-time deformation condition of the observation surface of the slope model is shot and recorded by the high-speed camera, and continuous shooting is carried out;
step 3, converting the picture obtained in the step 2 into a gray-scale map, extracting gray-scale information of each pixel point, and then extracting displacement monitoring points through binarization processing;
and 4, capturing a plurality of groups of pictures shot by the high-speed camera after binarization processing to each displacement monitoring point, and calculating displacement change values of each displacement monitoring point in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to obtain the displacement change condition of each displacement monitoring point.
2. The non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, the size of the observation point is 1-3 mm.
3. The non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1, the color of the observation point is black.
4. The non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific binarization steps in the step 3 are as follows:
selecting a single threshold value T for binaryzation of the whole image, comparing the gray value of each pixel of the image with the threshold value T, and if the gray value of the pixel is greater than or equal to T, changing the gray value of the pixel into 255; if the gray-level value of the pixel is smaller than T, the gray-level value of the pixel is changed to 0, and the formula is expressed as follows:
in the formula, I (I, j) is the gray scale value of the pixel in the ith row and the jth column in the picture, and T is the binary threshold.
5. The non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: in step 4, a displacement vector diagram of each displacement monitoring point is drawn according to the displacement change condition of the displacement monitoring point, and the expression is as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,the displacement vector of the nth displacement monitoring point at the time t, a0Being the side length of a single pixel,
the number of rows and columns where the nth displacement monitor pixel is located at the initial moment,
for the number of rows and columns where the nth displacement monitor pixel is located at time t,
is a unit direction vector of the nth displacement monitoring point from the initial moment to the t moment, and is expressed as:
6. the non-contact indoor slope model displacement monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: and the observation points on the observation surface of the side slope model are distributed in a multi-row array.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112326447A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 重庆大学 | Slope top triangular transformation stacking device and method for simulating push type landslide evolution |
| CN113219157A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 北华航天工业学院 | Landslide physical model force and displacement information monitoring system and method |
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| CN103217106A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for monitoring transverse displacement of track |
| CN103471910A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-25 | 东华大学 | Intelligent breaking elongation test method of metal material based on random point tracking |
| CN107044934A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of visual test device and application method for determining side slope three-dimensional destructive process |
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- 2019-09-06 CN CN201910841329.3A patent/CN110658063A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103217106A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for monitoring transverse displacement of track |
| CN103471910A (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2013-12-25 | 东华大学 | Intelligent breaking elongation test method of metal material based on random point tracking |
| CN107044934A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-15 | 河海大学 | A kind of visual test device and application method for determining side slope three-dimensional destructive process |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112326447A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 重庆大学 | Slope top triangular transformation stacking device and method for simulating push type landslide evolution |
| CN113219157A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 北华航天工业学院 | Landslide physical model force and displacement information monitoring system and method |
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