CN110658062A - Indoor model test system for researching damage process of anti-tilt rock slope - Google Patents
Indoor model test system for researching damage process of anti-tilt rock slope Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor model test system for researching a reverse-inclined rock slope damage process, which comprises a reaction frame, a loading device and a high-speed camera, wherein a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the reaction frame, baffle plates are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the reaction frame, transparent plates for observation are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the reaction frame and are used as observation surfaces, a reverse-inclined slope model for test is poured in a space defined by the bottom plate, the baffle plates and the transparent plates, a plurality of observation points with large color difference with a reverse-inclined slope model body are arranged on the observation surface of the slope model and are used as displacement monitoring points, the loading device is arranged between the inner top of the reaction frame and the top of the reverse-inclined slope model and is used for applying a damage load, and the high-speed camera is positioned on the observation. The invention can give consideration to both displacement and load to carry out loading test; the model making space is large enough, so that the reverse slope model can be conveniently made; when the loading test is carried out, the sight of the observation surface is good, and the observation is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, relates to a reverse-inclination slope model device, and particularly relates to an indoor model test system for researching a reverse-inclination rock slope damage process.
Background
China is a country with a plurality of side slope disasters, most of the existing side slope disaster researches are conducted on forward-inclined side slopes, and the researches on reverse-inclined side slopes are few. In the existing research on the reverse slope, most of the research is carried out on theory or numerical value, and then the theory is compared with the engineering example for verification. However, the model proposed by theoretical research is often greatly simplified and greatly differs from the working conditions and conditions of engineering examples, so that the inconsistency of the verification result is caused, and the theory and the reality cannot be well combined. Meanwhile, the existing indoor test system often applies external load by adopting a stacking method due to the limitation of loading conditions, the means is simple, the site limitation is quite large, and the loaded stress path does not conform to the actual situation, so that the slope failure mode deviates from the actual situation. Therefore, an indoor model test system and an indoor model test method for researching the process of the rock slope damage of the anti-tilt rock mass are urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of the research of the anti-inclination slope, the invention aims to design an indoor model test system and a test method for researching the damage process of the anti-inclination rocky slope. The test system and the test method can realize loading by depending on self-reaction structure, and can simply and conveniently obtain displacement and load information in the process of the damage of the anti-inclination slope.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a research anti-rock matter slope destruction process's indoor model test system which characterized in that: including counter-force frame, loading device and high-speed camera, counter-force frame bottom is equipped with the bottom plate, and the left and right sides of counter-force frame is equipped with the baffle respectively, and both sides are equipped with the transparent plate that is used for surveing around the counter-force frame, and for observing the face, the anti-slope model that pours in the space that encloses between bottom plate, baffle and transparent plate and be used for the experiment arranges a plurality ofly on the observation face of side slope model and the big observation point of anti-slope model body colour difference as the displacement monitoring point, loading device locates in the counter-force frame between top and the anti-slope model top for exert the breaking load, high-speed camera is located the observation face for shoot the picture in succession to the observation face of side slope.
As an improvement, the reverse-inclined slope model is formed by stirring and pouring barite powder, fine river sand, gypsum powder, glycerol and water in proportion, the reverse-inclined slope model is poured in layers, the fine river sand is uniformly distributed among the layers to simulate joint, and after the reverse-inclined slope model is poured in layers, the reverse-inclined slope model is maintained for more than 28 days at normal temperature.
As an improvement, the mass ratio of the barite powder, the fine river sand, the gypsum powder, the glycerol and the water is 22.5:55.5:25:2: 16.
As an improvement, the observation points are coated by black pigment.
As an improvement, the size of the observation point is 1-3 mm.
As an improvement, the reaction frame comprises stand columns, long cross beams, short cross beams, a reaction plate and a plurality of gaskets, wherein the four stand columns are fixed on the bottom plate through the gaskets, the two long cross beams are fixed at the tops of the four stand columns through the gaskets, the two short cross beams are fixed at the two ends of the two long cross beams respectively to form a rectangular frame, and the reaction plate is fixed at the top of the rectangular frame.
As an improvement, the upright posts, the long cross beams and the short cross beams are all made of angle steel.
As an improvement, the loading device comprises a jack and a dial indicator, the jack is installed at the bottom of the reaction plate, a loading base plate is arranged between the lower end of the jack and the reverse slope model, and the dial indicator is arranged between the loading base plate on the side of the jack and the reaction plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the indoor model test system can carry out non-contact type displacement monitoring test, clearly and completely obtain the integral displacement and deformation condition of the anti-inclination slope model, and has the advantages of high precision, simplicity, easiness in operation and the like.
The indoor model test system is adopted for non-contact measurement, so that the measurement errors and the interference on the measurement result caused by the installation of the sensor in the traditional contact measurement are overcome, and the real process of the displacement of the slope can be restored to the maximum extent.
The indoor model test system has moderate integral structure and size and is suitable for indoor tests; the system does not need an external counter-force device to provide load, and can provide counter-force by depending on the structure of the system. The load applying position of the structure can be freely adjusted, so that the condition of independent counter force required by a loading test is overcome; meanwhile, the integral strength of the device is enough, the loading strength required by the test can be met, and the device is connected by threads, so that the device is convenient to disassemble, move and refit; the device is provided with a pressure gauge and a dial indicator, and can perform loading tests by considering displacement and load; the model making space is large enough, so that the reverse slope model can be conveniently made; when the loading test is carried out, the sight of the observation surface is good, and the observation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an indoor model test system marked with displacement monitoring points;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an indoor model test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph taken by a high speed camera at an initial time;
FIG. 4 is a displacement vector diagram of the reverse slope model after deformation under the action of load.
Reference numerals: 1-bottom angle steel gasket, 2-frame column angle steel, 3-bottom steel plate, 4-baffle, 5-top angle steel gasket, 6-short frame angle steel, 7-long frame angle steel, 8-jack, 9-reaction plate, 10-loading base plate, 11-pressure gauge, 12-dial gauge, 13-anti-inclination slope model and 14-displacement monitoring point.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an indoor model test system for studying a reverse-inclined rock slope damage process comprises a reaction frame, a loading device and a high-speed camera (not shown in the figure), wherein a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the reaction frame, baffle plates are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the reaction frame, transparent plates for observation are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the reaction frame, a reverse-inclined slope model 13 for test is poured in a space formed among the bottom plate, the baffle plates and the transparent plates for an observation surface, a plurality of observation points with large color difference with the reverse-inclined slope model 13 are arranged on the observation surface of the slope model to serve as displacement monitoring points 14, the loading device is arranged between the top of the reaction frame and the top of the reverse-inclined slope model 13 and used for applying a damage load, and the high-speed camera is arranged on the observation surface and used for continuously shooting pictures of the.
In the embodiment, the counterforce frame comprises a bottom steel plate 3, four frame upright angle steels 2, two long frame angle steels 7 and two short frame angle steels 6, wherein the bottom steel plate 3 is used as a bottom plate, the four frame upright angle steels 2 are arranged on the bottom steel plate 3 through four bottom angle steel gaskets 1, and the bottom angle steel gaskets 1 are connected with the bottom steel plate 3 through bolts; the frame upright post angle steel 2 is connected with the bottom angle steel gasket 1 in a welding way; the two long frame angle steels 7 are respectively fixed at the tops of the four frame upright angle steels 2 through two top angle steel gaskets 5 to form a counter-force frame, and the two short frame angle steels 6 are fixed at two ends of the two long frame angle steels 7 and are respectively used for increasing the stability of the frame, wherein the frame upright angle steels 2 are connected with the top angle steel gaskets 5 in a welding manner; the long frame angle steel 7, the short frame angle steel 6 and the top angle steel gasket 5 are connected by bolts, and the short frame angle steel 6 is lapped on the long frame angle steel 7; the reaction plate 9 is fixed at the bottom of the two long frame angle steels 7 through bolts, the left side and the right side of the reaction frame are respectively fixed with a baffle plate 4, the front side and the rear side of the reaction frame are respectively provided with a transparent PMMA plate (not shown in figure 2) as an observation surface, a slope model is poured in an area formed by the left baffle plate 4, the right baffle plate 4 and the front PMMA plate and the rear PMMA plate, and the baffle plate 4 is connected with the frame upright angle steels 2 through bolts; the PMMA plates in front and at the back of the observation surface are connected with the frame upright angle steel 2 by bolts.
In the embodiment, the number of the bottom steel plates 3 is 1, so that the function of constructing a reverse-slope building platform is achieved; the number of the bottom angle steel gaskets 1 is 4, the bottom angle steel gaskets are uniformly distributed on the bottom steel plate 3, and the stress concentration generated by the loading of the jack 8 is uniformly shared and weakened, namely the force is transferred to the bottom steel plate 3 through the frame upright post angle steel 2; the number of the frame upright post angle steels 2 is 4, and the pivot function of constructing the indoor model test system frame for researching the whole process of the damage of the anti-tilt rock slope is achieved; the number of the top angle steel gaskets 5 is 4, and the key function of connecting the upper structure with the frame upright post angle steel 2 is achieved; the number of the long frame angle steels 7 is 2, and the long frame angle steels play a role in bearing the force of the reaction plate 9; the number of the short frame angle steels 6 is 2, and the short frame angle steels play roles in fixing and preventing the whole deformation of the system; the number of the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate 4 is 2, and the left baffle plate and the right baffle plate play a role in restraining lateral displacement and deformation of the reverse-inclined slope model 13; the number of the counter-force plates 9 is 1, which plays a role of providing counter-force and can provide counter-force at any position in the system; the number of the loading base plates 10 is 1, and the loading base plates play a role in uniformly distributing load on the surface of the reverse-inclined slope; the number of the pressure gauges 11 is 1, and the pressure gauges play a role in monitoring and recording the size of a load in a loading process; the dial indicator 12 plays a role in monitoring and recording the vertical displacement change of the slope in the loading process.
It should be noted that the reaction frame is only a preferred example, and the shape is not limited to angle iron construction, and may be constructed by using other customized steel or section bars.
The built indoor model test system can be used for carrying out simulation experiment of monitoring damage displacement of the reverse slope, and comprises the following specific steps:
And 3, shooting real-time pictures by the high-speed camera, starting the jack 8 when loading is started, controlling the loading rate by referring to the dial indicator 12 or the pressure gauge 11, and shooting and recording the displacement and deformation conditions of the observation surface of the indoor anti-inclination slope model 13 by the high-speed camera. Fig. 3 shows a photograph taken by a high-speed camera at the initial moment of loading.
And 4, carrying out binarization processing on the shot real-time photo, converting the photo shot by the high-speed camera in the step 3 into a gray-scale image after loading, and extracting color gray-scale information of each pixel point. The gray value of the pixel marked with the black dot is smaller, and the gray values of other pixels are larger (the gray value of the pixel ranges from 0 to 255). Then, the displacement monitor point 14 is extracted by binarization processing. Namely: selecting a single threshold value T for binaryzation of the whole image, comparing the gray value of each pixel of the image with the threshold value T, and if the gray value of the pixel is greater than T, changing the gray value of the pixel into 255 (namely white); if the gray level of a pixel is less than T, the gray level of the pixel is changed to 0 (i.e. black). The formula is expressed as follows:
in formula (1), I (I, j) is the gray level of the pixel in the ith row and jth column in the picture, and T is the threshold for binarization.
Of course, the test apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned ones
And 5, obtaining a displacement vector diagram of the anti-inclination slope model 13, capturing a plurality of groups of pictures shot by the high-speed camera after binarization processing to each displacement monitoring point 14, and calculating displacement change values of each displacement monitoring point 14 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so as to obtain the displacement change condition of each displacement monitoring point 14, so that the displacement condition of the slope can be monitored without contacting the anti-inclination slope model 13. Fig. 4 shows a displacement vector diagram of the reverse slope model 13 after deformation under load. The displacement vector expression is as follows:
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
the displacement vector of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at time t, a0Being the side length of a single pixel,
the number of rows and columns of pixels of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at the initial moment,for the number of rows and columns of pixels of the nth displacement monitor point 14 at time t,
is the unit direction vector of the nth displacement monitoring point 14 from the initial time to the t time, which is expressed as:
of course, the present invention is not limited to the simulation experiment of the displacement monitoring, and may be various experiments such as the shape observation of the damage process, the ultimate damage, and the like.
While embodiments of the present invention have been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a research anti-rock matter slope destruction process's indoor model test system which characterized in that: including counter-force frame, loading device and high-speed camera, counter-force frame bottom is equipped with the bottom plate, and the left and right sides of counter-force frame is equipped with the baffle respectively, and both sides are equipped with the transparent plate that is used for surveing around the counter-force frame, and for observing the face, the anti-slope model that pours in the space that encloses between bottom plate, baffle and transparent plate and be used for the experiment arranges a plurality ofly on the observation face of side slope model and the big observation point of anti-slope model body colour difference as the displacement monitoring point, loading device locates in the counter-force frame between top and the anti-slope model top for exert the breaking load, high-speed camera is located the observation face for shoot the picture in succession to the observation face of side slope.
2. The indoor model test system of claim 1, wherein: the anti-inclination side slope model is formed by stirring and pouring barite powder, fine river sand, gypsum powder, glycerol and water in proportion, the anti-inclination side slope model is poured in layers, the fine river sand is uniformly distributed among layers to simulate joint, and after the anti-inclination side slope model is poured in layers, the anti-inclination side slope model is maintained for more than 28 days at normal temperature.
3. The indoor model test system of claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the barite powder, the fine river sand, the gypsum powder, the glycerol and the water is 22.5:55.5:25:2: 16.
4. The indoor model test system of claim 1, wherein: the observation points are formed by coating black pigment.
5. The indoor model test system of claim 1, wherein: the size of the observation point is 1-3 mm.
6. The indoor model test system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the reaction frame comprises stand columns, long cross beams, short cross beams, reaction plates and a plurality of gaskets, wherein the four stand columns are fixed on the bottom plate through the gaskets, the two long cross beams are fixed at the tops of the four stand columns through the gaskets, the two short cross beams are fixed at the two ends of the two long cross beams respectively to form the rectangular frame, and the reaction plates are fixed at the tops of the rectangular frame.
7. The indoor model test system of claim 6, wherein: the upright posts, the long cross beams and the short cross beams are all made of angle steel.
8. The indoor model test system of claim 6, wherein: the loading device comprises a jack and a dial indicator, the jack is installed at the bottom of the reaction plate, a loading base plate is arranged between the lower end of the jack and the anti-inclination slope model, and the dial indicator is arranged between the loading base plate on the side of the jack and the reaction plate.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN113049364A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Dynamic characteristic testing device and dynamic characteristic testing method |
| CN113252874A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-13 | 中南大学 | Slope stability testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN113281488A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulated ground stress test device and method for anti-dip rock slope model test |
| CN113324817A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for manufacturing complex anti-inclination slope model and test device |
| CN113447363A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Rainfall type landslide model test device and method capable of achieving equivalent slope height |
| CN113899621A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-01-07 | 北京工业大学 | Slope stability test system with replaceable rough joints and variable joint dip angles |
| CN117347595A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-01-05 | 长安大学 | Comprehensive test device for slope and stratum model and application method thereof |
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| CN113899621B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-12-29 | 北京工业大学 | Slope stability test system with changeable rough joints and changeable joint dip angles |
| CN117347595A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-01-05 | 长安大学 | Comprehensive test device for slope and stratum model and application method thereof |
| CN117347595B (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-05-28 | 长安大学 | Comprehensive test device for slope and stratum model and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200107 |