CN110655801A - Bio-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110655801A CN110655801A CN201911126619.6A CN201911126619A CN110655801A CN 110655801 A CN110655801 A CN 110655801A CN 201911126619 A CN201911126619 A CN 201911126619A CN 110655801 A CN110655801 A CN 110655801A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L99/00—Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08L89/00 - C08L97/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2206—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of calcium, strontium or barium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K2003/3045—Sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Abstract
A bio-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biological materials. The method comprises the following steps: taking 68-78% of cottonseed hulls, 10-20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive to obtain a culture material; firstly, adding water into the obtained compost for mixing, controlling the water content of the compost, and then putting the compost into a sterilization device for sterilization to obtain a compost; loading the obtained cultivation material into a mold with a loading port at one end, an opening and closing door corresponding to the loading port and inoculation holes respectively arranged on other wall bodies and the opening and closing door to obtain a matrix to be inoculated; inoculating oyster mushroom strains into a substrate from an inoculation hole, sealing the inoculation hole by using a plug device with a breathable film and a corresponding specification, introducing the inoculated substrate and the mold into a culture chamber for culture after inoculation is completed, moving out of the culture chamber after hyphae grow over the substrate, drying and demolding in sequence, and controlling the dried water content to obtain the bio-based composite material. The advantages are that: the price is low; the environment is protected; the application is wide; the steps are simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological materials, and particularly relates to a bio-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to meet the market demand for materials such as building materials, heat insulating materials, sound absorbing materials, packaging cushioning materials, and even medical materials, human beings use a large amount of composite materials, and thus, there is a situation where wood resources are consumed in large amounts while also relying excessively on adhesives that are high molecular compounds. For example, the demand for artificial boards has increased significantly in recent years in our country, and the amount of the aforementioned adhesive has also increased at a surprising rate, with the largest amount of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, which is a formaldehyde-based adhesive.
Since the phenomenon that formaldehyde adhesives and related products thereof release free formaldehyde which is harmful to ecology, environment and human health in the production and use processes is widely known, the formaldehyde adhesives attract attention of various industries and consumers, and the use amount is gradually reduced. However, the organic volatile matters and the products after slow release, which are generated when other high molecular compound adhesives are used, also damage the environment and human health, and only the consumers still know a little and do not pay enough attention to the phenomenon. Therefore, how to avoid consuming a large amount of precious wood resources and effectively prevent the large amount of adhesives which damage the environment and human health is used is a problem which troubles people for a long time.
Technical information related to bio-based composites is found in published chinese patents, for example, CN104403134A provides "a method for preparing bio-based composites", which is prepared by mixing pulverized plant fibers having a water content of less than 8% and treated by a high-temperature hot water treatment method or a steam explosion method with natural polymer adhesives and additives in a mass ratio, and then molding or injection molding, but the patent still does not sufficiently exhibit the desired environmental protection because it requires the use of accelerators, crosslinkers and/or coupling agents, and "a method for preparing a bio-fiber composite thermal insulation wall material" is recommended in CN102108014A, according to the teaching of the examples of the patent (paragraphs 0006 to 0010 of the specification), because magnesium sulfate is required, the environmental protection safety is not sufficient to be expected in the industry. Furthermore, no indication is given as to whether demoulding is required, but given the five steps according to the examples, it is assumed that there would be a loss of economy in use, perhaps with the mould, as an interior wall material for a wall or other thermal protection. For example, CN105084829A discloses "an impervious leak-stopping material and its preparation method", which is prepared by mixing broken pieces of cottonseed shell, gypsum, expanding agent, cement and water, but the patent is only suitable for leak-stopping, so the application is relatively monotonous, and especially cement and the like are used, so the material has no degradability.
In view of the above-mentioned prior art, there is a need for a rational improvement, for which the applicant has made a long-lasting and useful search and has developed the technical solutions described below.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bio-based composite material which is beneficial to utilizing agricultural materials with low cost, is beneficial to abandoning adhesives, is beneficial to realizing good degradability after abandoning and has wide application.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the bio-based composite material, which has short process steps and non-rigorous process elements, thereby meeting the low cost requirement of preparation cost and meeting the requirement of industrial scale-up production, and the bio-based composite material obtained by the method can faithfully realize the technical effect.
The invention aims to complete the task, and the bio-based composite material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 68-78% of cottonseed hulls, 10-20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
A bio-based composite material is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 78% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
A bio-based composite material is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 68% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
A bio-based composite material is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 73% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the additive is a basic additive.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the alkaline additive is a mixture of gypsum and lime in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a bio-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
A) preparing a culture material, and taking 68-78% of cottonseed hulls, 10-20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of an additive according to the mass percentage to obtain the culture material;
B) preparing a cultivation material, namely adding water into the cultivation material obtained in the step A) for mixing, controlling the water content of the cultivation material, putting the cultivation material into a sterilization device for sterilization, and controlling the sterilization temperature, the sterilization pressure and the sterilization time to obtain the cultivation material;
C) filling the cultivation material obtained in the step B) into a mold with a filling opening at one end, an opening and closing door corresponding to the filling opening and inoculation holes in other wall bodies and the opening and closing door to obtain a matrix to be inoculated;
D) inoculating, namely inoculating oyster mushroom strains into the substrate from the inoculation hole in the step C), sealing the inoculation hole by using a plug device with a breathable film of a corresponding specification, introducing the mold in the step C) and the inoculated substrate into a culture room for culture after inoculation is finished, moving the mold out of the culture room after hyphae grow to be full of the substrate, drying and demolding in sequence, and controlling the water content of the dried mold to obtain the biological matrix composite material.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the controlling of the water content of the compost in the step B) is to control the water content of the compost to be 55-60%; the sterilization temperature is controlled to be 120-122 ℃; the sterilization pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.12 MPa; the sterilization time is controlled to be 280-320 min.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the process of filling the mold with the compost in step C) is performed in an aseptic environment; the mold is a mold that has been previously subjected to a sterilization treatment.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the inoculating of the Pleurotus ostreatus strain into the substrate in step D) is performed in an aseptic station; the culture room is a culture room with air humidity of 60%, temperature of 24 ℃, illumination of less than 50lx, good ventilation, cleanness and sterility; the mould and the plug cover are the mould and the plug cover which are sterilized in advance.
One of the technical effects of the technical scheme provided by the invention is that because the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the tung bran in the culture material belong to agricultural residue materials, the culture material has good cheapness; secondly, because the biological characteristics of the fungal hyphae are utilized to integrally form the cottonseed hulls, the bran and the tung bran into the composite material, no adhesive is needed, the good utilization rate of biomass resources is reflected, and the good green environmental protection is reflected; thirdly, because the waste fertilizer can be naturally degraded and the farmland can be improved, no adverse effect on air, soil, water system and even human body can be caused; fourthly, the material has the characteristics of good biocompatibility, low density, multiple pores and the like, so that the material can be applied to the fields of building materials, heat insulating materials, sound absorbing materials, buffer materials, even medical appliances and the like, and the application universality is reflected; fifth, the preparation method provided is concise in process steps and easy to master and control in process requirements, so that the requirement of industrial scale-up production can be met.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
A) preparing a culture material, taking the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 78% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of bran, 10% of tung bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime to obtain a culture material;
B) preparing a cultivation material, namely adding water into the cultivation material obtained in the step A) and mixing until the water content is 55%, then placing the cultivation material into a sterilization device for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature of the sterilization device is 120 ℃, the sterilization pressure of the sterilization device is 0.1MPa, and the sterilization time of the sterilization device is 320min to obtain the cultivation material;
C) loading the cultivation material obtained in the step B) into a mold which is provided with a loading port at one end, is provided with an opening and closing door corresponding to the loading port and is provided with different numbers of inoculation holes on the front wall body, the rear wall body and the opening and closing door respectively to obtain a substrate to be inoculated (also called a substrate material to be inoculated), wherein the process of loading the cultivation material into the mold is carried out under a sterile environment, and the mold is a mold which is sterilized in advance;
D) inoculating, namely inoculating an oyster mushroom strain into the substrate from the inoculation hole in the step C) on an aseptic operation table, sealing the inoculation hole by using a plug device with a corresponding specification and a breathable film, introducing the mold in the step C) and the inoculated substrate into a culture chamber for culture after the inoculation is finished, removing the culture chamber after hyphae grow to be full of the substrate, and sequentially drying and demolding until the water content is less than 20% to obtain the biological medium composite material, wherein the culture chamber in the step is a substantially non-luminous bacteria chamber, and is a well-ventilated and clean culture chamber with the air humidity of 60%, the temperature of 24 ℃, and the light of less than 50 lx; wherein, the mould is a mould which is sterilized in advance, and the plug cover is also sterilized in advance.
Example 2:
only changing the mass percent of the raw materials in the step A) into: 68% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of bran, 10% of tung bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime; changing the sterilization temperature in the step C) to 122 ℃, changing the sterilization pressure to 0.12MPa and changing the sterilization time to 280 min. The rest is the same as described in example 1.
Example 3:
only changing the mass percent of the raw materials in the step A) into: 73% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of bran, 10% of tung bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime; changing the sterilization temperature in the step C) to 121 ℃, changing the sterilization pressure to 0.11MPa and changing the sterilization time to 300 min. The rest is the same as described in example 1.
In conclusion, the technical scheme provided by the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, successfully completes the invention task and truly realizes the technical effects of the applicant in the technical effect column.
Claims (10)
1. The bio-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 68-78% of cottonseed hulls, 10-20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
2. The bio-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 78% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
3. The bio-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 68% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
4. The bio-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 73% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of additive.
5. A bio-based composite according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said additive is a basic additive.
6. The bio-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein said alkaline additive is a mixture of gypsum and lime mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
7. A method of preparing a bio-based composite according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A) preparing a culture material, and taking 68-78% of cottonseed hulls, 10-20% of bran, 10% of tung bran and 2% of an additive according to the mass percentage to obtain the culture material;
B) preparing a cultivation material, namely adding water into the cultivation material obtained in the step A) for mixing, controlling the water content of the cultivation material, putting the cultivation material into a sterilization device for sterilization, and controlling the sterilization temperature, the sterilization pressure and the sterilization time to obtain the cultivation material;
C) filling the cultivation material obtained in the step B) into a mold with a filling opening at one end, an opening and closing door corresponding to the filling opening and inoculation holes in other wall bodies and the opening and closing door to obtain a matrix to be inoculated;
D) inoculating, namely inoculating oyster mushroom strains into the substrate from the inoculation hole in the step C), sealing the inoculation hole by using a plug device with a breathable film of a corresponding specification, introducing the mold in the step C) and the inoculated substrate into a culture room for culture after inoculation is finished, moving the mold out of the culture room after hyphae grow to be full of the substrate, drying and demolding in sequence, and controlling the water content of the dried mold to obtain the biological matrix composite material.
8. The method for preparing the bio-based composite material according to claim 7, wherein the controlling of the water content of the culture material in the step B) is controlling the water content of the culture material to 55-60%; the sterilization temperature is controlled to be 120-122 ℃; the sterilization pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.12 MPa; the sterilization time is controlled to be 280-320 min.
9. The method for preparing a bio-based composite material according to claim 7, wherein the step C) of filling the mold with the compost is performed in a sterile environment; the mold is a mold that has been previously subjected to a sterilization treatment.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the step D) of inoculating Pleurotus ostreatus strain into the substrate is performed in a sterile operating platform; the culture room is a culture room with air humidity of 60%, temperature of 24 ℃, illumination of less than 50lx, good ventilation, cleanness and sterility; the mould and the plug cover are the mould and the plug cover which are sterilized in advance.
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| CN201911126619.6A CN110655801A (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2019-11-18 | Bio-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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2019
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