CN110653556A - Universal clamp for machining cross beam and side beam - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a universal fixture for processing beams and side beams. In the height direction of the workpiece, the positioning and pressing structures in the three directions are composed of oppositely arranged positioning members and pressing members. Both the positioning members and the pressing members act on the workpiece through the outside of the workpiece. The components are arranged in such a way that the pressing position can be adjusted; the positioning and pressing structure for the X-direction of the beam is provided with two sets distributed on both sides of the width direction of the beam, and the two sets of the X-direction positioning and pressing structure for the beam have a width between them. The direction avoids the space of the side beam; the compression member used for the Z direction of the beam adopts the pressure plate structure pressed by bolts; the positioning and compression structure for the side beam has the space to avoid the beam in the X direction. Technical effect: The fixture can be used to fix different types of beams and side beams.

Description

A universal jig for beam and side beam processing

technical field

The invention relates to a processing jig, in particular to a universal jig for processing cross beams and side beams.

Background technique

When further welding and grinding the preliminarily processed workpiece, it is necessary to use a processing fixture to fix the position of the workpiece. For example, the beams and side beams of rail vehicle bogies need to be turned over several times during welding and grinding. The beam is an approximate "I" type workpiece with two horizontal shafts at both ends; the side beam is a long workpiece with a length longer than that of the beam; therefore, when processing the beam and the side beam, the beam and the side beam are usually installed on the fixture. Then install the fixture on the turning mechanism before entering the machine tool, which is convenient for welding and grinding of beams and side beams.

However, in the specific use, there are differences in the size and structure of the beam and the side beam, and multiple sets of fixtures need to be customized for the beam and side beam of different sizes, and the processing cost is high, resulting in waste.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a general fixture suitable for processing multi-model beams and side beams in view of the problem of inconvenient replacement of fixtures when processing different types of beams and side beams in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A universal fixture for processing beams and side beams, comprising positioning and pressing structures in three directions of XYZ for the beams and the side beams, wherein the X direction is the length direction of the workpiece, the Y direction is the width direction of the workpiece, and the Z direction is the height of the workpiece The positioning and pressing structures in the three directions are composed of oppositely arranged positioning members and pressing members. Both positioning members and pressing members act on the workpiece through the outside of the workpiece. All positioning members are fixedly arranged, and all pressing members are It is set in a way that the pressing position can be adjusted; the positioning and pressing structure for the X-direction of the beam is provided with two sets distributed on both sides of the width direction of the beam. The space of the side beam; the Z-direction positioning member used for the beam is attached to the Y-direction positioning and pressing structure, and the pressing member used for the Z-direction of the beam is a pressure plate structure that is pressed by bolts; the positioning and pressing structure for the side beam is in the X direction. There is space to avoid the beam in the direction. The positions of the beam and the side beam in the three directions of XYZ are fixed by separate positioning structures and compression structures; because the beam is short and wide, and the positioning structure of the beam in the X direction is close to the two sides of the beam in the Y direction, making The positioning of the beam and the side beam in the X and Y directions does not interfere with each other. When replacing and installing the beam and the side beam, it is not necessary to disassemble the positioning structures of the two X and Y directions; in addition, due to the positioning member of the beam in the Z direction Attached to the Y-direction positioning and pressing structure, it can avoid the side beam, and its pressing member is detachable. Therefore, when fixing the side beam, only the pressing member in the Z direction of the cross beam can be removed.

Further, it also includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate that are oppositely arranged, the upper surfaces of the two mounting plates form an XY plane, and the positioning and pressing structures in the three directions of XYZ are all provided by the two mounting plates. The positioning and pressing structures of the beam and the side beam are installed on the same plane, the two mounting plates are separated, and there is a certain distance between the corresponding two installations, which is convenient for grinding, welding and other processing operations of the beam and the side beam.

Further, the positioning and pressing structure for the beam is: X direction, the X-direction positioning member is a positioning plate, and the X-direction pressing member includes a first regulating plate and is arranged on the first regulating plate, and can move towards the direction of the positioning plate. In the Y direction, the Y-direction positioning member is a first side block, and the Y-direction pressing structure includes a first adjusting block and is set on the first adjusting block, and can face the direction of the first side block The moving second jacking bolt; the Z-direction, the Z-direction positioning member is composed of the first side block constituting the Y-direction positioning member and the support portion of the first adjusting block, and the upper planes of the support portions of the two are coplanar; the Z-direction pressure The tightening structure is a first pressing plate, and the first pressing plate is pressed on the beam from top to bottom through the first pressing bolt. By adjusting the first tightening bolt on the first adjustment plate, the beam is pressed against the positioning plate to realize the fixing of the beam in the X direction; by adjusting the second tightening bolt on the first adjustment block, the beam is pressed against the first On one side block, the position of the beam in the Y direction is fixed; by adjusting the first pressing bolt on the first pressure plate, the first pressure plate presses the beam on the positioning plate to achieve the position of the beam in the Z direction. So far, the position of the beam is fixed. During the fixing process, all three directions can be adjusted, which can realize the installation and fixation of different types of beams, or the same size beams with dimensional changes caused by the manufacturing process.

Further, both ends of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are fixedly connected with vertical connecting plates, and the connecting plates extend in the YZ plane. The connecting plate fixes the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate on the other mechanisms, such as the overturning mechanism, so as to realize the overturning of the beam and facilitate the processing.

Further, at least one first reinforcing plate is welded at the connection between the upper surface of the connecting plate, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and at least one second reinforcing plate is welded at the connection at the lower surface. The first reinforcing plate and the second reinforcing plate are welded up and down respectively to enhance the stability between the connecting plate and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate.

Further, the first reinforcing plate is a right-angled triangle, and the second reinforcing plate is a right-angled trapezoid. The first reinforcing plate is in the form of a right-angled triangle, the two right-angled sides are welded between the mounting plate and the connecting plate respectively, and the short right-angled side of the triangle is welded on the mounting plate, leaving enough space for the workpiece to be mounted on the mounting plate; the second The reinforcing plate is in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, which enhances the stability of the mounting plate.

Further, the positioning and pressing structure for the side beam is: Y-direction, the Y-direction positioning member is a second side stop, and the Y-direction pressing structure includes a second adjusting block and is provided on the second adjusting block, and can be directed toward the second adjusting block. The third jacking bolt that moves in the direction of the second side block; the Z-direction, the Z-direction positioning member is composed of two supporting slopes respectively arranged on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and the two supporting slopes are "eight". The two supporting slopes are respectively extended downward from the edge of the avoidance hole provided on the corresponding mounting plate; the Z-direction pressing structure is the second pressing plate, and the second pressing plate is pressed from top to bottom by the second pressing bolt on the side beam end In the X direction, the X-direction positioning member is formed by the two supporting inclined planes that constitute the Z-direction positioning member to form a self-centering structure; The second pressing plate has a pressing inclined surface, the two pressing inclined surfaces are in the shape of "eight", and the distal ends of the two second pressing plates opposite to each other are provided with abutting seats, and the abutting seats are provided with vertical abutting The abutting surface is in contact with the distal end of the second pressing plate. Both ends of the side beam have wedge-shaped protrusions facing downward, and correspondingly, there are avoidance holes on the mounting plate. On the one hand, the avoidance holes play the role of avoiding the wedge-shaped protrusions; The side is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface fits with the inclined surface of the side beam to form a surface contact; when the second pressing plate presses the upper surface of the side beam, at the same time, one side of the second pressing plate is pressed against the seat, so that the side beam can be placed between X and Z. The direction position is fixed; the side beam is tightly abutted against the abutting seat by adjusting the third tightening bolt on the second side block to realize the fixing of the side beam in the Y direction. So far, the position of the side beams has been fixed. During the fixing process, all three directions can be adjusted, which can realize the installation and fixation of different types of side beams, or side beams of the same specification with dimensional changes caused by the manufacturing process.

Further, each second pressing plate is provided with at least two parallel second pressing bolts, and the second pressing bolts are evenly distributed on the second pressing plate. The side beam is balanced in force, and the position of the side beam in the X and Z directions is more stable.

Further, a nut seat is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate; the second pressing bolt is screwed with the nut seat to form the compression of the end of the side beam. By screwing the second compression bolt into the nut seat, the compression of the side beam in the Z direction can be realized, and after the thread of the screw hole is damaged, the nut seat can be used continuously by replacing it, so as to prolong the service life.

Further, the abutting seat is also fixed by welding with the corresponding mounting plate through the reinforcing rib. The abutting seat is welded with reinforcing ribs, which improves the stability and reliability of the abutting seat position, and improves the positioning reliability of the side beams in the X and Z directions and the firmness of pressing.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that only one set of the processing fixture can be used to install beams and side beams of various types and sizes, and the positions in the three directions of X, Y, and Z can be adjusted. It can be adjusted to reduce the types of fixed fixtures, save the time of replacing fixtures, and reduce costs.

Description of drawings:

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention. In the attached image:

Fig. 1 shows a front view of the cross-beam and side-beam processing universal jig of the present invention mounted on the cross-beam.

FIG. 2 shows the top view of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view in the direction A-A of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 shows the front view of the general jig for processing the cross beam and the side beam of the present invention, and the side beam is installed.

FIG. 5 shows the top view of FIG. 4 .

Wherein, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference signs:

1. The first mounting plate; 2. The second mounting plate;

3. Beam; 31. Positioning plate; 32. The first adjustment plate; 33. The first top bolt; 34, The first side stop; 35, The first adjustment block; 36, The second top bolt; 37, The first a pressing plate; 38. a first pressing bolt;

4. Connecting plate; 41. First reinforcing plate; 42. Second reinforcing plate.

5. Side beam; 51. Abutting seat; 52. Avoidance hole; 53. Second side stop; 54. Second adjusting block; 55. Third tightening bolt; 56. Second pressing plate; tighten the bolt;

Detailed ways

It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the solutions of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only The embodiments are part of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances for the embodiments of the application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those expressly listed Rather, those steps or units may include other steps or units not expressly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a general fixture for processing a beam and a side beam includes a positioning and pressing structure in three directions of XYZ for the beam 3 and the side beam 5 respectively, wherein the X direction is the length direction of the workpiece, and the Y direction is The width direction of the workpiece, the Z direction is the height direction of the workpiece, and the positioning and pressing structures in the three directions are composed of positioning members and pressing members arranged oppositely. It is fixedly arranged, and all the pressing members are arranged in a way that the pressing position can be adjusted; the positioning and pressing structure for the 3X direction of the beam is provided with two sets distributed on both sides of the width direction of the beam 3, and the beam 3 uses two sets of X direction There is space between the positioning and pressing structures to avoid the side beams 5 in the width direction; the positioning members for the 3Z direction of the beam are attached to the Y-direction positioning and pressing structure, and the pressing members used for the 3Z direction of the beam are the pressure plate structure that is pressed by bolts ; The positioning and pressing structure for the side beam 5 has a space for avoiding the beam 3 in the X direction.

Preferably, it also includes a first mounting plate 1 and a second mounting plate 2 that are arranged opposite to each other, the upper surfaces of the two mounting plates form an XY plane, and the positioning and pressing structures in the three directions of XYZ are all provided by the two mounting plates.

Preferably, the positioning and pressing structure used for the beam 3 is: the X-direction, the X-direction positioning member is the positioning plate 31, the X-direction pressing member includes the first regulating plate 32 and is provided on the first regulating plate 32, and can be directed toward the first regulating plate 32. The first clamping bolt 33 that moves in the direction of the positioning plate 31; the Y-direction, the Y-direction positioning member is the first side block 34, and the Y-direction pressing structure includes a first adjusting block 35 and is set on the first adjusting block 35, The second jacking bolt 36 that can move in the direction of the first side block 34; in the Z direction, the Z-direction positioning member is composed of the first side block 34 and the first adjusting block 35 that constitute the Y-direction positioning member. The upper planes of the two supporting parts are coplanar; the Z-direction pressing structure is the first pressing plate 37 , and the first pressing plate 37 is pressed on the beam 3 from top to bottom through the first pressing bolt 38 .

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the direction of A-A in FIG. 2 , showing the fixing method of the cross beam 3 in the Y direction. In this embodiment, the first side stopper 34 and the first adjusting block 32 are both L-shaped, and the cross beam 3 is placed on both of them. Above, the cross beam 3 is pushed against the first side block 34 by pushing the second tightening bolts 36 , so as to realize the fixing of the position of the cross beam 3 in the Y direction. During specific use, the shapes of the first side stop block 34 and the first adjusting block 35 can be adjusted according to the specific structure of the beam 3 .

Preferably, both ends of the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 2 are fixedly connected with a vertical connecting plate 4, and the connecting plate 4 extends in the YZ plane.

Preferably, at least one first reinforcing plate 41 is welded at the upper surface connection between the connecting plate 4 and the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 2, and at least one second reinforcing plate 42 is welded at the lower surface connection.

Preferably, the first reinforcing plate 41 is a right-angled triangle, and the second reinforcing plate 42 is a right-angled trapezoid.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , in this embodiment, preferably, the positioning and pressing structure for the side beam 5 is: the Y-direction, the Y-direction positioning member is the second side stop block 53 , and the Y-direction pressing structure includes a second The adjusting block 54 and the third jacking bolt 55 which is arranged on the second adjusting block 54 and can move in the direction of the second side block 53; Two supporting inclined surfaces on the mounting plate 2 are formed, the two supporting inclined surfaces are in the shape of "eight", and the two supporting inclined surfaces are respectively extended downward by the corresponding edges of the right-angled quadrilateral avoidance holes 52 provided on the corresponding mounting plate; The tightening structure is the second pressing plate 56, and the second pressing plate 56 is pressed on the end of the side beam 5 from top to bottom through the second pressing bolt 57; in the X direction, the X-direction positioning member is formed by two supporting slopes that constitute the Z-direction positioning member. Self-centering structure for automatic centering; the X-direction pressing member is composed of the Z-direction pressing structure constituting the second pressing plate 56 and the second pressing bolt 57; wherein, the second pressing plate 56 has a pressing slope, which is formed in the On the edges of the two trapezoidal plates, the trapezoidal plates are welded on the horizontal main body plate of the second pressing plate 56, the two pressing slopes are in the shape of an "eight", and the opposite ends of the two second pressing plates 56 are provided with abutting seats. 51 , the vertical abutting surface provided on the abutting seat 51 abuts the distal end of the second pressing plate 56 .

It can be seen from FIG. 4 that in this embodiment, both ends of the side beam 3 have wedge-shaped protrusions facing downward, forming two oblique positioning surfaces that open outward. The corresponding first mounting plate 1 and second mounting plate 2 is provided with a corresponding right-angled quadrilateral avoidance hole 52, and the surface where the corresponding edge of the avoidance hole 52 fits with the side beam 3 is also an inclined surface, and the surface at B in FIG. 4 is the inclined surface of the avoidance hole 52. and the inclined surface of the escape hole 52 on the second mounting plate 2 is in the shape of "eight". Specifically, the bottom surface of the side beam 3 along the X direction is not in contact with the top surfaces of the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 2, so that the middle of the side beam 3 is suspended. When the bottom of the side beam 3 is a curved surface or a stepped plane , the fixation here also applies.

Preferably, each second pressing plate 56 is provided with at least two parallel second pressing bolts 57, and the second pressing bolts 57 are evenly distributed in the length direction of the second pressing plate 56, which is consistent with the Y direction .

Preferably, a nut seat is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 2 ; the second pressing bolt 57 is screwed with the nut seat to press the end of the side beam 5 .

Preferably, the abutting seat 51 is also fixed by welding with the corresponding mounting plate through a reinforcing rib.

Specifically, all positioning plates, adjustment plates, side blocks, adjustment blocks, pressure plates, etc. are preferably fixed with the same type of screws. Multiple mounting holes can be provided on the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 2. When the beam 3 When the size difference with the side beam 5 is large, the actual installation positions of the positioning plate, adjustment plate, side stop, adjustment block, pressure plate, etc. can be changed to adapt to the installation of more types of beams 3 and side beams 5.

Preferably, the bottom surface of the second pressing plate 56 may not be parallel to the upper surface of the first mounting plate 1 , and the bottom surface of the second pressing plate 56 may be determined according to the surface of the side beam 5 to be pressed. Specifically, the second pressing plate 56 The bottom surface of the sill can be set as an inclined surface that fits with the upper surface of the side beam 5 .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims (10)

1. A universal fixture for processing a cross beam and a side beam comprises positioning and pressing structures in XYZ three directions, wherein the positioning and pressing structures are respectively used for the cross beam (3) and the side beam (5), the X direction is the length direction of a workpiece, the Y direction is the width direction of the workpiece, the Z direction is the height direction of the workpiece, the positioning and pressing structures in the three directions are respectively composed of positioning members and pressing members which are oppositely arranged, and the positioning members and the pressing members are respectively acted on the workpiece through the outside of the workpiece; the positioning and pressing structures for the X direction of the cross beam (3) are provided with two sets which are distributed on two sides of the cross beam (3) in the width direction, and a space which avoids the side beam (5) in the width direction is formed between the two sets of X direction positioning and pressing structures for the cross beam (3); the Z-direction positioning component for the cross beam (3) is attached to the Y-direction positioning compression structure, and the Z-direction compression component for the cross beam (3) adopts a bolt compression pressing plate structure; the positioning and pressing structure for the side beam (5) has a space avoiding the cross beam (3) in the X direction.

2. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 1, further comprising a first mounting plate (1) and a second mounting plate (2) which are oppositely arranged, wherein the upper surfaces of the two mounting plates form an XY plane, and the positioning and pressing structures in the three XYZ directions are arranged through the two mounting plates.

3. The universal jig for beam and side sill machining according to claim 2, characterized in that the positioning and pressing structure for the beam (3) is:

the X-direction positioning component is a positioning plate (31), and the X-direction pressing component comprises a first adjusting plate (32) and a first tightening bolt (33) which is arranged on the first adjusting plate (32) and can move towards the direction of the positioning plate (31);

the Y-direction positioning component is a first side stop block (34), the Y-direction pressing structure comprises a first adjusting block (35) and a second tightening bolt (36) which is set on the first adjusting block (35) and can move towards the first side stop block (34);

the Z-direction positioning component consists of a first side stop block (34) forming the Y-direction positioning component and a supporting part of the first adjusting block (35), and the upper planes of the two supporting parts are coplanar; the Z-direction pressing structure is a first pressing plate (37), and the first pressing plate (37) is pressed on the cross beam (3) from top to bottom through a first pressing bolt (38).

4. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 2, characterized in that vertical connecting plates (4) are fixedly connected to both ends of the first mounting plate (1) and the second mounting plate (2), and the connecting plates (4) extend in YZ-plane.

5. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one first reinforcing plate (41) is welded to the joints of the connecting plate (4) and the upper surfaces of the first mounting plate (1) and the second mounting plate (2), and at least one second reinforcing plate (42) is welded to the joints of the lower surfaces.

6. The cross-member and side-member machining jig as recited in claim 5, wherein the first reinforcement plate (41) is in the form of a right triangle, and the second reinforcement plate (42) is in the form of a right trapezoid.

7. The universal jig for beam and side sill machining according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the positioning and pressing structure for the side sill (5) is:

the Y-direction positioning component is a second side stop block (53), and the Y-direction pressing structure comprises a second adjusting block (54) and a third tightening bolt (55) which is arranged on the second adjusting block (54) and can move towards the second side stop block (53);

the Z-direction positioning component consists of two supporting inclined planes which are respectively arranged on the first mounting plate (1) and the second mounting plate (2), the two supporting inclined planes are splayed, and the two supporting inclined planes respectively extend downwards from the edges of avoidance holes (52) arranged on the corresponding mounting plates; the Z-direction pressing structure is a second pressing plate (56), and the second pressing plate (56) is pressed at the end part of the side beam (5) from top to bottom through a second pressing bolt (57);

in the X direction, the X-direction positioning component forms a self-centering structure by two supporting inclined planes forming the Z-direction positioning component; the X-direction pressing component consists of a Z-direction pressing structure forming the second pressing plate (56) and a second pressing bolt (57);

the second pressing plate (56) is provided with pressing inclined planes, the two pressing inclined planes are splayed, the far ends of the two second pressing plates (56) which are back to back are provided with abutting seats (51), and the vertical abutting faces arranged on the abutting seats (51) are abutted to the far ends of the second pressing plates (56).

8. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two second compression bolts (57) are arranged side by side in a penetrating manner on each second compression plate (56), and the second compression bolts (57) are evenly distributed on the second compression plates (56).

9. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 7, characterized in that nut seats are fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (1) and the second mounting plate (2); the second pressing bolt (57) is screwed with the nut seat to form pressing of the end of the side beam (5).

10. The universal jig for machining cross beams and side beams according to claim 7, wherein the abutment seats (51) are further fixed by welding to the corresponding mounting plates by means of reinforcing ribs.

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