CN110643979A - 一种金属表面处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种金属表面处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN110643979A
CN110643979A CN201910874858.3A CN201910874858A CN110643979A CN 110643979 A CN110643979 A CN 110643979A CN 201910874858 A CN201910874858 A CN 201910874858A CN 110643979 A CN110643979 A CN 110643979A
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surface treatment
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metal surface
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王相刚
夏良文
肖茂强
刘国永
江佩纯
魏聪
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Foshan Haihua Surface Treatment Technology Co Ltd
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
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    • C23C18/1254Sol or sol-gel processing

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:1)金属基材表面清洁和钝化处理;2)将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,经干燥、煅烧处理,得复合无机膜;3)在复合无机膜上涂覆装饰性抗菌溶胶,经干燥、固化处理,形成杂化无机膜,得成品。本发明采用二次溶胶‑凝胶法,在具有大量微孔的复合无机膜上涂覆装饰性抗菌溶胶,形成杂化无机膜,使表面处理后的金属基材具有优异的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性同时带有抗菌和装饰功能。

Description

一种金属表面处理工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及表面处理技术领域,特别涉及一种金属表面处理工艺。
背景技术
金属的电化学腐蚀的主要原因之一是由于表面与电解质溶液或潮湿的大气接触,产生各种腐蚀原电池而产生。而目前金属镀件表面处理常用的方法是采用磷化或铬酸盐转化膜法等方法,由于磷化剂中含大量磷和氮,会给环境带来严重的污染,同理铬酸盐转化膜亦会对环境造成严重污染,因此急需环保的金属表面处理工艺取代传统金属镀件表面防腐。
近年来,出现了一些可取代传统金属镀件表面防腐处理的金属表面处理液,如采用硅烷偶联剂为主要成分的金属表面处理剂,但该类硅烷偶联技术形成的超薄有机膜,机械强度不好,大多不耐高温,抗腐蚀性差,且无抗菌、装饰等功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种金属表面处理工艺。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)金属基材表面清洁和钝化处理;
2)将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,经干燥、煅烧处理,得复合无机膜;
3)在复合无机膜上涂覆装饰性抗菌溶胶,经干燥、固化处理,形成杂化无机膜,得成品。
具体地,步骤1)的金属表面清洁和钝化处理可采用常规的金属表面除油、钝化处理工艺,如将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡3~5min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗20~30min,再用去离子水漂洗20~30min,烘干,放入表面活性剂中进行钝化处理。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中所述复合无机化合物溶胶按原料重量份计包括氧化铝溶胶10~30份、硅溶胶10~30份、胶溶剂1~5份。具体地,本发明所述的复合无机化合物溶胶以氧化铝溶胶和硅溶胶混合作为溶胶基体,其兼具氧化铝溶胶和硅溶胶的成膜性能,且成膜后耐腐蚀性、耐磨性和硬度均大幅提高。作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述胶溶剂为盐酸。作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述氧化铝溶胶中固含量为10~15%,颗粒粒径为10~20nm,所述硅溶胶中固含量为10~15%,颗粒粒径为20~30nm。具体地,氧化铝溶胶与硅溶胶的特殊限定使得该溶胶基体具有优异的颗粒分散性和稳定性。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤2)中所述的干燥、煅烧处理为在50~80℃下干燥3~5min后在200~500℃下煅烧20~40min。具体地,所述干燥、煅烧处理可获得具有大量微孔的复合无机膜,为后续的覆膜处理提供理想的表面微观结构。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤3)中所述的装饰性抗菌溶胶按原料重量份计包括硅溶胶30~60份、抗菌剂2~5份、着色剂0.1~1份、分散剂0.5~1份。作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述硅溶胶中固含量为10~15%,颗粒粒径为20~30nm。具体地,本发明的装饰性抗菌溶胶采用与复合无机化合物溶胶基体成分之一相同的硅溶胶作为溶胶基体,使得成膜时装饰性抗菌溶胶中的原料组分部分渗入到复合无机膜中,有效形成具有抗菌和装饰功能的杂化无机膜。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,步骤3)中所述的干燥、固化处理为在50~80℃下干燥10~15min后在100~150℃下固化10~15min。具体地,所述干燥、固化处理可使装饰性抗菌溶胶部分渗入到复合无机膜中,形成力学性能优异、带有装饰和抗菌功能的杂化无机膜。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述抗菌剂为纳米银溶胶或纳米二氧化钛溶胶。具体地,所述抗菌剂环保、抗菌效果优异。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述着色剂选自锌钡白、碳黑、铜酞菁、酞菁绿、氧化铁黄、铁红中的至少一种。具体地,所述着色剂不含有毒金属元素,环保、装饰性强。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述分散剂为羧甲基纤维素钠。具体地,本发明中的分散剂不仅有助于抗菌剂、着色剂在硅溶胶基体的分散,其有助于该装饰性抗菌溶胶渗入到复合无机膜中。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明采用二次溶胶-凝胶法,在具有大量微孔的复合无机膜上涂覆装饰性抗菌溶胶,形成杂化无机膜,使表面处理后的金属基材具有优异的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性同时带有抗菌和装饰功能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体描述,以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解。有必要在此特别指出的是,实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术熟练人员,根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整,应仍属于本发明的保护范围。同时下述所提及的原料未详细说明的,均为市售产品;未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
实施例1
一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡3min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗30min,再用去离子水漂洗30min,烘干,放入聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂中进行钝化处理;
2)按原料重量份计将固含量为10%、颗粒粒径为20nm的氧化铝溶胶10份和固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为20nm的硅溶胶30份与盐酸1份混合配制得复合无机化合物溶胶,将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,在80℃下干燥3min后在500℃下煅烧20min,得复合无机膜;
3)按原料重量份计将固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为20nm的硅溶胶60份、纳米银溶胶5份、锌钡白着色剂0.1份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份混合配制得装饰性抗菌溶胶,在步骤2)所得的复合无机膜上涂覆该装饰性抗菌溶胶,在80℃下干燥10min后在150℃下固化10min,形成杂化无机膜,得实施例1成品。
对比例1
一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡3min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗30min,再用去离子水漂洗30min,烘干,放入聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂中进行钝化处理;
2)按原料重量份计将固含量为10%、颗粒粒径为20nm的氧化铝溶胶10份与盐酸1份混合配制得无机化合物溶胶,将金属基材浸泡于无机化合物溶胶中,在80℃下干燥3min后在500℃下煅烧20min,得无机膜;
3)按原料重量份计将固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为20nm的硅溶胶60份、锌钡白着色剂0.1份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份混合配制得装饰性溶胶,在步骤2)所得的复合无机膜上涂覆该装饰性溶胶,在80℃下干燥10min后在150℃下固化10min,形成杂化无机膜,得对比例1成品。
实施例2
一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡5min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗20min,再用去离子水漂洗20min,烘干,放入乙氧基化甲基葡萄糖苷硬脂酸脂型表面活性剂中进行钝化处理;
2)按原料重量份计将固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为10nm的氧化铝溶胶30份和固含量为10%、颗粒粒径为30nm的硅溶胶10份与盐酸5份混合配制得复合无机化合物溶胶,将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,在50℃下干燥5min后在200℃下煅烧40min,得复合无机膜;
3)按原料重量份计将固含量为10%、颗粒粒径为30nm的硅溶胶30份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶2份、碳黑着色剂1份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份混合配制得装饰性抗菌溶胶,在步骤2)所得的复合无机膜上涂覆该装饰性抗菌溶胶,在50℃下干燥15min后在100℃下固化15min,形成杂化无机膜,得实施例2成品。
实施例3
一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡5min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗20min,再用去离子水漂洗30min,烘干,放入吐温20型表面活性剂中进行钝化处理;
2)按原料重量份计将固含量为10%、颗粒粒径为20nm的氧化铝溶胶10份和固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为20nm的硅溶胶30份与盐酸1份混合配制得复合无机化合物溶胶,将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,在80℃下干燥3min后在500℃下煅烧20min,得复合无机膜;
3)按原料重量份计将固含量为15%、颗粒粒径为20nm的硅溶胶50份、纳米银溶胶3份、氧化铁黄着色剂0.5份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份混合配制得装饰性抗菌溶胶,在步骤2)所得的复合无机膜上涂覆该装饰性抗菌溶胶,在60℃下干燥12min后在120℃下固化12min,形成杂化无机膜,得实施例3成品。
实施例4
一种金属表面处理工艺,其包括如下工艺步骤:
1)将金属基材置于35%盐酸溶液中浸泡4min,取出放入丙酮中超声清洗25min,再用去离子水漂洗25min,烘干,放入聚氧乙烯油醇醚型表面活性剂中进行钝化处理;
2)按原料重量份计将固含量为12%、颗粒粒径为15nm的氧化铝溶胶20份和固含量为12%、颗粒粒径为25nm的硅溶胶20份与盐酸3份混合配制得复合无机化合物溶胶,将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,在80℃下干燥5min后在350℃下煅烧30min,得复合无机膜;
3)按原料重量份计将固含量为12%、颗粒粒径为25nm的硅溶胶40份、纳米二氧化钛溶胶3份、酞菁绿着色剂0.8份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.8份混合配制得装饰性抗菌溶胶,在步骤2)所得的复合无机膜上涂覆该装饰性抗菌溶胶,在60℃下干燥12min后在120℃下固化12min,形成杂化无机膜,得实施例4成品。
实施例5:性能测试
将实施例1~4所得成品和对比例1所得成品分别进行相关性能测试,其测试结果如下表1所示。
表1相关性能检测结果
上述实施例为本发明的优选实施例,凡与本发明类似的工艺及所作的等效变化,均应属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (9)

1.一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于包括如下工艺步骤:
1)金属基材表面清洁和钝化处理;
2)将金属基材浸泡于复合无机化合物溶胶中,经干燥、煅烧处理,得复合无机膜;
3)在复合无机膜上涂覆装饰性抗菌溶胶,经干燥、固化处理,形成杂化无机膜,得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述复合无机化合物溶胶按原料重量份计包括氧化铝溶胶10~30份、硅溶胶10~30份、胶溶剂1~5份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:所述胶溶剂为盐酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤2)中所述的干燥、煅烧处理为在50~80℃下干燥3~5min后在200~500℃下煅烧20~40min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤3)中所述的装饰性抗菌溶胶按原料重量份计包括硅溶胶30~60份、抗菌剂2~5份、着色剂0.1~1份、分散剂0.5~1份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:步骤3)中所述的干燥、固化处理为在50~80℃下干燥10~15min后在100~150℃下固化10~15min。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为纳米银溶胶或纳米二氧化钛溶胶。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:所述着色剂选自锌钡白、碳黑、铜酞菁、酞菁绿、氧化铁黄、铁红中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种金属表面处理工艺,其特征在于:所述分散剂为羧甲基纤维素钠。
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