CN110640409A - Method for machining inner centering spline shaft by adopting common end mill - Google Patents
Method for machining inner centering spline shaft by adopting common end mill Download PDFInfo
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- CN110640409A CN110640409A CN201910808704.4A CN201910808704A CN110640409A CN 110640409 A CN110640409 A CN 110640409A CN 201910808704 A CN201910808704 A CN 201910808704A CN 110640409 A CN110640409 A CN 110640409A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a method for machining an inner centering spline shaft by using a common end mill. The method simplifies the processing flow, improves the universality of equipment and cutters and reduces the processing cost. The characteristic that the inner diameter centering flower with 7-grade precision can be machined quickly and with guaranteed quality only by using general equipment and a common end mill is realized. At the same time, tool inventory and cost are minimized. The processing method has industrial originality, can conveniently and quickly process the spline shafts with various sizes by using a general machine tool and a common cutter, has strong practicability and higher economical efficiency, greatly reduces the cost, reduces the processing preparation time, improves the production efficiency, shortens the product research and development period, and can be widely applied to all general machining industries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a method for machining an inner centering spline shaft by using a common end mill.
Background
The spline transmission is the most common one in mechanical transmission, and is widely applied to devices such as airplanes, automobiles, machine tool manufacturing, general mechanical transmission and the like. The application of spline shafts is also the most widespread and practical basic power transmission part in mechanical design. The conventional spline shaft machining method needs to use a special tool and special equipment to complete machining. Because the specification and the size of the spline shaft used in the mechanical transmission are various, the traditional processing method needs to be provided with special forming spline cutters with different specifications and models according to each spline shaft with different sizes. The preparation time in the early stage of machining is too long, the stock occupancy rate of the cutter is increased, and the machining cost is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to provide a method for processing an inner centering spline shaft by adopting a common end mill.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for processing an inner centering spline shaft by using a common end mill, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing equipment and a cutter; preparing a rotary table and an end mill;
step 2: all the key widths of the spline shaft spline are processed to meet the precision requirement;
and step 3: in the inner diameter machining link of the spline shaft, controlling a rotary table to rotate (360/2N) degrees according to the number N of teeth of the spline shaft, measuring the widths of two adjacent tooth roots, machining the inner diameter size of a central position by using one cutter, and rotating a rotary table to sequentially machine the inner diameter sizes of N central positions;
and 4, step 4: making a connecting line between a tooth root and an axis on a two-dimensional cross section diagram of the spline shaft, measuring an included angle between the tooth root and the axis and the central line, and then rotating the whole spline shaft on a machine tool according to the included angle;
and 5: moving a side tool nose of the tool to be attached to the tooth root, aligning the position of the axle center of the spline shaft, and adjusting the position to be reduced to the size precision required by the inner diameter; then, the cutter is used for cutting along the axial direction of the spline shaft in a one-way mode, and the requirement on the length of the spline shaft spline is met;
step 6: rotating the turntable alpha DEG clockwise, cutting the spline shaft unidirectionally along the axial direction of the spline shaft by the cutter, rotating the turntable alpha DEG again, cutting the spline shaft axially by the cutter, and repeating the steps until the cutter is cut to the central position between two teeth; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the half area between the two tooth roots;
and 7: for the inner diameter processing of the other half area between the two tooth roots, rotating the whole spline shaft by the included angle of two times according to the reverse direction of the rotating direction in the step 4; then repeating the step 5 and the step 6; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the other half area between the two tooth roots; further, finishing the processing of one inner diameter in the N inner diameters;
and 8: and then repeating the steps 4 to 7, and finishing the machining of the residual inner diameter allowance of all tooth roots to obtain the required arc inner diameter size.
Wherein N is 6.
In step 3, the rotary table is controlled to rotate by 30 degrees for the six-tooth spline shaft.
The α value is determined according to the machining accuracy requirement, and is small when the machining accuracy is high, and is large when the machining accuracy is low.
Wherein the alpha value is 5.
In step 3, an inner diameter of the central position is machined by using a cutter with a cutter head size smaller than the width value.
Wherein the end mill is a common end mill.
Wherein, the revolving platform is arranged on the vertical machining center.
Wherein the two-dimensional graph is drawn on a computer by using drawing software.
The method can simplify the processing flow, improve the universality of equipment and cutters and reduce the processing cost.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the processing method can simplify the processing flow, improve the universality of equipment and cutters and reduce the processing cost. The characteristic that the inner diameter centering flower with 7-grade precision can be machined quickly and with guaranteed quality only by using general equipment and a common end mill is realized. At the same time, tool storage space and overall tooling costs are minimized.
The whole technical effect of the processing method is embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the method uses general equipment and a common end mill, fits an approximate arc surface through the matching between the displacement of a machine tool and the corner of a rotary table, controls the precision of the arc surface and achieves the required size precision of the inner diameter of the spline shaft.
(2) The size of each rotation angle of the rotary table is used for controlling the dimensional accuracy of the inner diameter and the surface roughness. The smaller the corner, the higher the precision, the higher the surface roughness, and the closer the fitted arc is to the true arc.
(3) The processing method has strong industrial originality and wide processing range, does not need special equipment and cutters, greatly reduces the processing preparation time, thereby reducing the cost, improving the processing precision, reducing the cutter inventory and waste, having high quality-to-price ratio, effectively reducing the product processing period and improving the production and trial-manufacture processing efficiency of the product. The method can be widely popularized in the manufacturing industry with single-piece small-batch production, multiple product types and high dispersion. The processing method has strong practicability and higher economical efficiency, and also has good popularization in some industries using non-standard spline shafts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a six-tooth spline shaft according to the present method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the measurement of the height between the outer diameter of the six-tooth spline shaft and the root of the spline shaft in the present processing method.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a six-tooth spline shaft of a rotary turntable rotating 30 degrees according to the processing method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the tool size selected by the machining method.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the angle measured from the center line by the present method.
Fig. 6-1 and 6-2 are schematic views of the cutting position and the processing direction of the processing method.
Fig. 7 is a schematic physical representation of the process of the present process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for machining an inner centering spline shaft by using a common end mill, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing equipment and a cutter; preparing a rotary table and a common end mill;
step 2: all the key widths of the spline shaft spline are processed to meet the precision requirement;
and step 3: in the inner diameter machining link of the spline shaft, controlling a rotary table to rotate (360/2N) degrees according to the number N of teeth of the spline shaft, measuring the widths of two adjacent tooth roots, machining the inner diameter of a central position by using a cutter with a cutter head smaller than the width, and rotating the rotary table to sequentially machine the inner diameter of N central positions;
and 4, step 4: making a connecting line between a tooth root and an axis on a two-dimensional cross section diagram of the spline shaft, measuring an included angle between the tooth root and the axis and the central line, and then rotating the whole spline shaft on a machine tool according to the included angle;
and 5: moving a side tool nose of the tool to be attached to the tooth root, aligning the position of the axle center of the spline shaft, and adjusting the position to be reduced to the size precision required by the inner diameter; then, the cutter is used for cutting along the axial direction of the spline shaft in a one-way mode, and the requirement on the length of the spline shaft spline is met;
step 6: rotating the turntable alpha DEG clockwise, cutting the spline shaft unidirectionally along the axial direction of the spline shaft by the cutter, rotating the turntable alpha DEG again, cutting the spline shaft axially by the cutter, and repeating the steps until the cutter is cut to the central position between two teeth; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the half area between the two tooth roots;
and 7: for the inner diameter processing of the other half area between the two tooth roots, rotating the whole spline shaft by the included angle of two times according to the reverse direction of the rotating direction in the step 4; then repeating the step 5 and the step 6; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the other half area between the two tooth roots; further, finishing the processing of one inner diameter in the N inner diameters;
and 8: and then repeating the steps 4 to 7, and finishing the machining of the residual inner diameter allowance of all tooth roots to obtain the required arc inner diameter size.
Wherein N is 6.
In step 3, the rotary table is controlled to rotate by 30 degrees for the six-tooth spline shaft.
The α value is determined according to the machining accuracy requirement, and is small when the machining accuracy is high, and is large when the machining accuracy is low.
Wherein the alpha value is 5.
In step 3, an inner diameter of the central position is machined by using a cutter with a cutter head size smaller than the width value.
Wherein the end mill is a common end mill.
Wherein, the revolving platform is arranged on the vertical machining center.
Wherein the two-dimensional graph is drawn on a computer by using drawing software.
The method can simplify the processing flow, improve the universality of equipment and cutters and reduce the processing cost.
In conclusion, the method has industrial originality, and the inner diameter centering flower with 7-grade precision can be quickly machined by using the common end mill on different spline shafts on the existing universal equipment, thereby ensuring the quality.
Example 1
In the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are,
firstly, all the key widths of the spline shaft spline are processed to meet the precision requirement.
The processing method is mainly embodied in the processing of the inner diameter of the spline shaft, taking a six-tooth spline shaft as an example, a rotary table is rotated by 30 degrees to measure the width of two adjacent tooth roots, a cutter smaller than the value is used for processing the inner diameter size of the central position, and the rotary table is rotated to sequentially process the inner diameter sizes of six central positions.
And thirdly, making a connection line between the tooth root and the axis on the two-dimensional graph, measuring an included angle between the tooth root and the axis and rotating the whole spline shaft on a machine tool according to the angle.
And fourthly, moving the side tool nose of the tool to the axis position, adjusting the side tool nose and reducing the side tool nose to the dimensional accuracy required by the inner diameter. Then the cutter is made to cut along the axial direction, and the requirement of the spline shaft spline length is ensured.
Clockwise rotating the turntable for 0.5 deg, axially cutting with the cutter, and repeating the above steps until the cutter reaches the central position between two teeth.
Sixthly, using the method to process the residual inner diameter allowance of all tooth roots, thus obtaining the required inner diameter size of the circular arc.
Example 2
In the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are,
first, a cross-sectional view of the spline shaft to be machined is drawn on a computer using drawing software, as indicated by reference numeral 1 in fig. 1, and the height between the outer diameter and the spline shaft tooth root is marked, as indicated by reference numeral 2 in fig. 2.
Taking the six-tooth spline shaft of fig. 1 as an example, the width of two adjacent tooth roots is measured by rotating the turntable by 30 ° as indicated by reference numeral 3 in fig. 3, and as indicated by reference numeral 4 in fig. 3, the inner diameter of the center position is machined by using a tool 5 smaller than this, and the inner diameter of six center positions is machined by rotating the turntable. On the cross section of the spline shaft, a line connecting the tooth root and the axis is made, the included angle 6 between the tooth root and the axis is measured, and then the whole spline shaft is rotated on a machine tool according to the angle. The side tool nose of the tool is moved to the axis position, and the dimensional accuracy required by the inner diameter is adjusted and reduced. Then, as shown in fig. 6-1 and 6-2, the cutter is cut along the axial direction (i.e., the direction from point a to point B in fig. 6-2, indicated by the reference numeral 7) to ensure the spline shaft spline length. Rotating the rotary table clockwise by 0.5 degrees, cutting the cutter along the axial direction (namely, the point A is towards the point B), rotating the rotary table again by 0.5 degrees, cutting the cutter from the point A to the point B, and repeating the steps until the cutter is cut to the central position between two teeth, namely, stopping. It should be noted that only a single cutting from point a to point B is performed to ensure the quality of the machined surface of the inner diameter. And then, reversely processing the other half of the tooth root area, dividing the inner diameter processing of the spline shaft into twelve areas, and sequentially processing to obtain the required circular arc inner diameter size. Although the inner diameter circle of the spline shaft adopts the approximate approximation machining principle, the rotation angle of the turntable at each time can be adjusted according to the required inner diameter precision, so that the machined surface is infinitely close to an arc surface. Finally, the spline shaft meeting the precision requirement is obtained, and the reference is made to the attached figure 7.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing an inner centering spline shaft by using a common end mill is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing equipment and a cutter; preparing a rotary table and an end mill;
step 2: all the key widths of the spline shaft spline are processed to meet the precision requirement;
and step 3: in the inner diameter machining link of the spline shaft, controlling a rotary table to rotate (360/2N) degrees according to the number N of teeth of the spline shaft, measuring the widths of two adjacent tooth roots, machining the inner diameter size of a central position by using one cutter, and rotating a rotary table to sequentially machine the inner diameter sizes of N central positions;
and 4, step 4: making a connecting line between a tooth root and an axis on a two-dimensional cross section diagram of the spline shaft, measuring an included angle between the tooth root and the axis and the central line, and then rotating the whole spline shaft on a machine tool according to the included angle;
and 5: moving a side tool nose of the tool to be attached to the tooth root, aligning the position of the axle center of the spline shaft, and adjusting the position to be reduced to the size precision required by the inner diameter; then, the cutter is used for cutting along the axial direction of the spline shaft in a one-way mode, and the requirement on the length of the spline shaft spline is met;
step 6: rotating the turntable alpha DEG clockwise, cutting the spline shaft unidirectionally along the axial direction of the spline shaft by the cutter, rotating the turntable alpha DEG again, cutting the spline shaft axially by the cutter, and repeating the steps until the cutter is cut to the central position between two teeth; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the half area between the two tooth roots;
and 7: for the inner diameter processing of the other half area between the two tooth roots, rotating the whole spline shaft by the included angle of two times according to the reverse direction of the rotating direction in the step 4; then repeating the step 5 and the step 6; thereby completing the inner diameter machining process of the other half area between the two tooth roots; further, finishing the processing of one inner diameter in the N inner diameters;
and 8: and then repeating the steps 4 to 7, and finishing the machining of the residual inner diameter allowance of all tooth roots to obtain the required arc inner diameter size.
2. The method of machining an internally centered splined shaft with a conventional end mill according to claim 1, wherein N is 6.
3. The method of machining an internally centered spline shaft using a general end mill according to claim 2, wherein the turntable is controlled to rotate 30 ° for the six-tooth spline shaft in the step 3.
4. The method of machining an internally centered spline shaft with a normal end mill according to claim 1, wherein the α value is determined in accordance with a machining accuracy requirement, and the α value is small when the machining accuracy is high and large when the machining accuracy is low.
5. The method of machining an internally centered splined shaft with a plain end mill according to claim 1, wherein said α value is 5.
6. The method of machining an internally centered splined shaft with a conventional end mill according to claim 1, wherein said step 3 is performed by machining an inner diameter dimension of the center position using a tool having a tool tip dimension smaller than the width value.
7. The method of machining an internally centered splined shaft with a plain end mill according to claim 1, wherein said end mill is a plain end mill.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the turn table is provided on a vertical machining center.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional map is created by drawing using drawing software on a computer.
10. The method for machining a spline shaft with an internal centering function by using a general end mill as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method can simplify the machining process, improve the universality of equipment and tools, and reduce the machining cost.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910808704.4A CN110640409A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Method for machining inner centering spline shaft by adopting common end mill |
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| CN201910808704.4A CN110640409A (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Method for machining inner centering spline shaft by adopting common end mill |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1868669A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2006-11-29 | 贵州群建齿轮有限公司 | Processing method of small radius centring rectangular splined shaft |
| WO2013109429A3 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2014-11-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Slot machining |
| CN104625660A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-05-20 | 蒋先敏 | Method for machining spline of large workpiece |
| CN204912881U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-30 | 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司 | Mill device of an internal spline on horizontal milling machine |
| CN107617768A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of rectangle external splines processing method suitable for CNC Turning Center |
-
2019
- 2019-08-29 CN CN201910808704.4A patent/CN110640409A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1868669A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2006-11-29 | 贵州群建齿轮有限公司 | Processing method of small radius centring rectangular splined shaft |
| WO2013109429A3 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2014-11-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Slot machining |
| CN104625660A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-05-20 | 蒋先敏 | Method for machining spline of large workpiece |
| CN204912881U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-30 | 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司 | Mill device of an internal spline on horizontal milling machine |
| CN107617768A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-01-23 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of rectangle external splines processing method suitable for CNC Turning Center |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 陈宏钧: "在铣床上铣削花键轴", 《机械工人.冷加工》 * |
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