CN110471365B - Method for machining drum-shaped spline - Google Patents
Method for machining drum-shaped spline Download PDFInfo
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- CN110471365B CN110471365B CN201910016097.8A CN201910016097A CN110471365B CN 110471365 B CN110471365 B CN 110471365B CN 201910016097 A CN201910016097 A CN 201910016097A CN 110471365 B CN110471365 B CN 110471365B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35349—Display part, programmed locus and tool path, traject, dynamic locus
Abstract
A method for machining a crowned spline comprises the following steps: the parameters of the drum-shaped spline workpiece are respectively set as follows: the diameter of an addendum circle is da, the diameter of a dedendum circle is df, the radius R of a central arc of a dedendum circle is root, the included angle of an inclined edge is alpha, the length of an inclined edge is L, and a machine tool coordinate N when the hob is radially cut into the workpiece just in large-diameter contact with the drum spline workpiece is defined as a tool setting point, wherein the N point is that the hob is positioned in the center of the axial direction of the workpiece during debugging; determining an entry point A, making a circle with the diameter of RX in the feeding direction, passing through the entry point A, then making 5 circles tangent to the tooth root shape of the drum spline workpiece by using the diameters of the hobs respectively, wherein the circle centers of the 5 circles are key positions in the hobbing process of the hobs, and carrying out hobbing according to set parameters. The invention has strong universality, convenient operation and time saving when the types of the parts are changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining, and particularly relates to a method for machining a crowned spline of which the tooth direction crowning is defined on a tooth root of a gear.
Background
The drum spline is a special spline bulging in a drum shape in the direction of the tooth root, and is commonly used in a hollow tooth type coupler. The largest difference between the spline tooth type coupler and the straight tooth type coupler is that staggered shaft transmission can be realized when torque is transmitted. The device has the characteristics of strong bearing capacity, convenience in installation, high transmission efficiency and the like, and has certain compensation and correction capacity on installation errors such as radial, axial and angular directions.
Categorized by root shape, there are 3 common splines: the arc shape is shown in figure 1; ② an included angle type, as shown in figure 2; and thirdly, the mixed type is a combination of circular arc and included angle type as shown in figure 3. Generally, a high-precision numerical control gear hobbing machine is used for processing tooth forms of the spline, and the precision can reach IT6-IT 7. During gear hobbing, the main motion is the rotation of the hob, the feeding motion can be regarded as the pure rolling of the outer diameter of the hob along the tooth root of a workpiece, and the motion track of the axis of the hob on the X-Z plane of a machine tool is the feeding track for programming a gear hobbing program.
In the traditional crowned spline, a drawing method is usually adopted to determine machining coordinates, and in the aspect of machining error correction, the precision of a part is completely guaranteed by the precision of a cutter and a machine tool when the part is machined by using the coordinate method. When errors occur, the precision of the tool and the machine tool can only be adjusted, and the pre-compensation cannot be carried out by changing a program. Because the detection data cannot accurately guide the program to adjust the direction, the method can only try from the trend and has great blindness.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the method for machining the drum-shaped spline, which has strong universality, is convenient to operate when the type of a part is changed, and saves time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for machining a crowned spline comprises the following steps:
parameter definition, wherein the parameters of the drum spline workpiece are respectively set as follows: the diameter of an addendum circle is da, the diameter of a dedendum circle is df, the radius R of a central arc of a dedendum circle is root, the included angle of an inclined edge is alpha, the length of an inclined edge is L, the machine tool coordinate N when the hob is radially cut into the workpiece just contacting with the major diameter of the drum spline workpiece is defined as a tool setting point and is marked as N (X, Z), the N point is that the hob is positioned at the center of the workpiece in the tooth direction during debugging, and the diameter of the hob is RX;
determining an incision point A, making a circle with the diameter RX in the feeding direction and passing through the incision point A, then respectively making 5 circles tangent to the tooth root shape of the drum spline workpiece by using the diameter RX, wherein the circle centers of the 5 circles are key positions in the hobbing cutter hobbing process and are respectively B, C, M, D, E, connecting all circle center points, a BC section and a DE section respectively form a bevel edge straight line section, CM and MD respectively form a bevel edge circular arc section, the distance between the circle center A and the circle center B is the cutting distance AB of the hobbing cutter, wherein da-df is h,
calculating to obtain coordinates of each circle center, wherein Mx is X-h, Mz is Z, namely M (X-h, Z); cx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Cz ═ Z + R ═ sin α, i.e. C (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z + R ═ sin α); dx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Dz ═ Z-R ═ sin α, i.e., D (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z-R ═ sin α); Bx-Cx-L-sin α, Bz-Cz + L-cos α, i.e., B (X-h-R + R-cos α -L-sin α, Z + R-sin α + L-cos α); ex ═ Dx-L × sin α, Ez ═ Dz-L × cos α, i.e., E (X-h-R + R × cos α -L × sin α, Z-R × sin α -L × cos α); ax ═ Bx + L '. cos α, Az ═ Bz + L'. sin α, i.e. a (X-h-R + R · cos α -L · sin α + L '. cos α, Z + R · sin α + L · cos α + L'. sin α);
and (4) driving the hob to perform hobbing with the diameter RX according to the set coordinates of the circle centers to finish machining.
The value of L' is based on the criterion that the hob cutter will not collide with the workpiece during fast feed.
The method further comprises the steps of:
hobbing processing for changing the chamfer type hollow teeth when the radius of the inclined edge circular arc section is adjusted to be 0; and the length of the straight line segment with the oblique edge is adjusted to 0, namely, the hobbing becomes a circular arc-shaped tooth.
After the central point B, C, M, D, E is connected, point M is located at the center, and the included angle of the straight segment BC of the hypotenuse is the same as the included angle of the straight segment DE of the hypotenuse.
After the central points B, C, M, D, E are connected, point M is located at a non-central position, and the included angle of the straight line segment BC of the bevel edge is different from the included angle of the straight line segment DE of the bevel edge.
The invention has strong universality, convenient operation and time saving when the types of the parts are changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circular arc type crowned spline;
FIG. 2 is an included angle type crowned spline;
FIG. 3 is a hybrid crowned spline;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a workpiece definition;
FIG. 5 is an example schematic;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the roll-cut point of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the features and technical means of the present invention, as well as the specific objects and functions attained by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The invention discloses a method for processing a drum-shaped spline, which comprises the following steps:
parameter definition, as shown in fig. 4, the parameters of the drum spline workpiece are respectively set as follows: the diameter of an addendum circle is da, the diameter of a dedendum circle is df, the radius R of a dedendum center circular arc is root, the included angle of an inclined edge is alpha, the length of an inclined edge is L, the machine tool coordinate N when the hob is radially cut into the workpiece just contacting with the major diameter of the drum spline workpiece is defined as a tool setting point and is marked as N (X, Z), the N point is that the hob is positioned at the center of the workpiece in the tooth direction during debugging, and the diameter of the hob is RX.
Determining an incision point A, making a circle with the diameter RX in the feeding direction and passing through the incision point A, then respectively making 5 circles tangent to the tooth root shape of the drum spline workpiece by using the diameter RX, wherein the circle centers of the 5 circles are key positions in the hobbing cutter hobbing process and are respectively B, C, M, D, E, connecting all circle center points, forming inclined edge straight line sections by using a section BC and a section DE respectively, forming inclined edge circular arc sections by using a section CM and an section MD respectively, and as shown in figure 6, the distance between the circle center A and the circle center B is the cutting distance AB of the hobbing cutter, namely L ', the numerical value of L' is the standard that the hobbing cutter cannot collide with the workpiece during fast feeding, wherein da-df is h,
calculating to obtain coordinates of each circle center, wherein Mx is X-h, Mz is Z, namely M (X-h, Z); cx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Cz ═ Z + R ═ sin α, i.e. C (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z + R ═ sin α); dx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Dz ═ Z-R ═ sin α, i.e., D (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z-R ═ sin α); Bx-Cx-L-sin α, Bz-Cz + L-cos α, i.e., B (X-h-R + R-cos α -L-sin α, Z + R-sin α + L-cos α); ex ═ Dx-L × sin α, Ez ═ Dz-L × cos α, i.e. (X-h-R + R × cos α -L × sin α, Z-R × sin α -L × cos α); ax ═ Bx + L '. cos α, Az ═ Bz + L'. sin α, i.e., a (X-h-R + R · cos α -L · sin α + L '. cos α, Z + R · sin α + L · cos α + L'. sin α), the coordinates of each dot are obtained.
And (4) driving the hob to perform hobbing with the diameter RX according to the set coordinates of the circle centers to finish machining.
Through the setting of the parameters, the machining can be carried out on all workpieces of the same type, and not only on only one specific part.
The method further comprises the steps of:
hobbing processing for changing the chamfer type hollow teeth when the radius of the inclined edge circular arc section is adjusted to be 0; and the length of the straight section of the inclined edge is adjusted to be 0, so that the hollow is formed through hobbing.
After the central point B, C, M, D, E is connected, point M is located at the center, and the included angle of the straight segment BC of the hypotenuse is the same as the included angle of the straight segment DE of the hypotenuse.
After the central points B, C, M, D, E are connected, point M is located at a non-central position, and the included angle of the straight line segment BC of the bevel edge is different from the included angle of the straight line segment DE of the bevel edge.
In order to facilitate consideration of the non-centrosymmetric condition of the crown gear, the lengths and angles of the bevel edges of the upper and lower sections are separately defined, as shown in fig. 5, taking an actual workpiece as an example, the included angle between the bevel edges is 11.25 degrees, the length of the bevel edge is 3.62, the diameter of the tip circle is 39, the diameter of the root circle is 31.66, and the radius of the central arc of the root is R2.3, and the analysis results are shown in the following table:
according to the definitions, each parameter can be conveniently programmed, and when the part is changed, the machining program of the part can be switched only by adjusting the full depth of the #103 tooth, the radius of the #104 hobbing track, the lengths of the #105 and #109 hypotenuses, the #106 and #110 hypotenuse angles and the #113 cutting distance. These parameters can be easily obtained on the card of the component processing technique without additional analysis and calculation. When a new part is processed, an operator can complete the copying and the changing of the program within a few minutes.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like can be made in the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments or in some of the technical features of the foregoing embodiments, but those modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like are all within the spirit and principle of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for machining a crowned spline comprises the following steps:
parameter definition, wherein the parameters of the drum spline workpiece are respectively set as follows: the diameter of an addendum circle is da, the diameter of a dedendum circle is df, the radius R of a central arc of a dedendum circle is root, the included angle of an inclined edge is alpha, the length of an inclined edge is L, the machine tool coordinate N when the hob is radially cut into the workpiece just contacting with the major diameter of the drum spline workpiece is defined as a tool setting point and is marked as N (X, Z), the N point is that the hob is positioned at the center of the workpiece in the tooth direction during debugging, and the diameter of the hob is RX;
determining an incision point A, making a circle with the diameter of RX in the feeding direction, passing through the incision point A, then making 5 circles tangent to the tooth root shape of the drum spline workpiece by using the diameter RX respectively, wherein the circle centers of the 5 circles are key positions in the hobbing cutter hobbing process and are B, C, M, D, E respectively, connecting all circle center points, forming bevel edge straight line segments by using a BC segment and a DE segment respectively, forming bevel edge circular arc segments by using CM and MD respectively, and changing the distance between the circle center A and the circle center B into an incision distance AB of the hobbing cutter to be L', wherein da-df is h, and changing the bevel edge circular arc segment into the hobbing of the included angle type gear when the radius of the bevel edge circular arc segment is adjusted to be 0; the length of the straight section of the inclined edge is adjusted to be 0, and then the straight section of the inclined edge is changed into hobbing of circular arc type teeth;
calculating to obtain coordinates of each circle center, wherein Mx is X-h, Mz is Z, namely M (X-h, Z); cx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Cz ═ Z + R ═ sin α, i.e., C (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z + R ═ sin α); dx ═ X-h- (R-R ═ cos α), Dz ═ Z-R ═ sin α, i.e., D (X-h-R + R ═ cos α, Z-R ═ sin α); Bx-Cx-L-sin α, Bz-Cz + L-cos α, i.e., B (X-h-R + R-cos α -L-sin α, Z + R-sin α + L-cos α); ex ═ Dx-L × sin α, Ez ═ Dz-L × cos α, i.e. (X-h-R + R × cos α -L × sin α, Z-R × sin α -L × cos α); ax ═ Bx + L '. cos α, Az ═ Bz + L'. sin α, i.e. a (X-h-R + R · cos α -L · sin α + L '. cos α, Z + R · sin α + L · cos α + L'. sin α);
and (4) driving the hob to perform hobbing with the diameter RX according to the set coordinates of the circle centers to finish machining.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the value of L' is based on the condition that the hob cutter does not collide with the workpiece during fast feed.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the point M is centered after the center point B, C, M, D, E is coupled, and the included angle of the straight segment BC is the same as the included angle of the straight segment DE.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the central point B, C, M, D, E is coupled, point M is located off-center, and the included angle of the hypotenuse straight segment BC is different from the included angle of the hypotenuse straight segment DE.
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| CN201910016097.8A CN110471365B (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2019-01-08 | Method for machining drum-shaped spline |
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| CN201910016097.8A CN110471365B (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2019-01-08 | Method for machining drum-shaped spline |
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| CN112238267B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-03-15 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Crowned tooth machining method |
| CN112733297B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-19 | 上海理工大学 | Spline design method for sectional type extrusion screw rod connection |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3046844A (en) * | 1958-11-19 | 1962-07-31 | Wildhaber Ernest | Method of and machine for producing crowned teeth |
| US3803977A (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1974-04-16 | Lear Siegler Inc | Method and apparatus for finishing gears |
| CN101121210A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2008-02-13 | 夏建敏 | Hob complete utilization integrated gear hobbing method |
| CN102506149A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-06-20 | 益阳康益机械发展有限公司 | Crowned tooth gear, processing method and processing milling cutter |
| CN204295071U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 哈尔滨广旺机电设备制造有限公司 | A kind of barreled tooth flank processing feed control device |
| CN104889501A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-09 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Non-full-symmetry involute gear, gear cutting hob special for same, and machining method of non-full-symmetry involute gear |
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- 2019-01-08 CN CN201910016097.8A patent/CN110471365B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3046844A (en) * | 1958-11-19 | 1962-07-31 | Wildhaber Ernest | Method of and machine for producing crowned teeth |
| US3803977A (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1974-04-16 | Lear Siegler Inc | Method and apparatus for finishing gears |
| CN101121210A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2008-02-13 | 夏建敏 | Hob complete utilization integrated gear hobbing method |
| CN102506149A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-06-20 | 益阳康益机械发展有限公司 | Crowned tooth gear, processing method and processing milling cutter |
| CN204295071U (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-29 | 哈尔滨广旺机电设备制造有限公司 | A kind of barreled tooth flank processing feed control device |
| CN104889501A (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-09 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Non-full-symmetry involute gear, gear cutting hob special for same, and machining method of non-full-symmetry involute gear |
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