CN110639784A - Low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, transduction method and application - Google Patents
Low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, transduction method and application Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0625—Annular array
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
- B06B2201/74—Underwater
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a transduction method and application, belongs to the technical field of acoustic transducers, and particularly comprises a front cover plate, a rear cover plate, a vibration radiation plate and a piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile, wherein the vibration radiation plate is arranged at the vibration output end of the front cover plate, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile is arranged between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate. The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer can control the response value of the transmitting voltage and the beam width at the resonant frequency of the transducer, realize the small-size transducer of the low-frequency narrow beam, and ensure that the whole structure and the manufacturing process of the transducer are simple, the cost is low and the energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic transducers, and particularly relates to a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a transduction method and application.
Background
With the continuous application of finite element analysis methods in transducer design, there are many new theories and new structures of underwater acoustic transducers, but piezoelectric transducers are still the focus of current underwater acoustic transducer research. Underwater acoustics mainly researches underwater sound emission, transmission, reception, processing and underwater information transmission technologies, can realize detection, positioning, identification, tracking, underwater communication and the like of underwater targets by using the transmission of sound waves in water, and has important significance for shipping, fish detection, development of submarine resources and the like. Since the loss of high frequency signals is large when the signals are transmitted in water, and the loss of low frequency signals is small when the signals are transmitted in water and the propagation distance is long, the research of low frequency transducers becomes an important research direction of underwater acoustic transducers. The more common methods used today to reduce the transducer frequency are bending vibrations, liquid cavity resonance, and modal coupling.
When underwater detection is carried out by using sound waves, the sound waves are generated by vibration of a transducer wafer, and the narrower the beam width of the sound waves, the more concentrated the sound field energy is, so that the narrow-beam transducer is designed to have better effects on improving the range and the precision of underwater detection and improving the imaging resolution. The beam width (directional opening angle) is an angle between directions corresponding to a reduction of the amplitude from the maximum value by 3dB, 6dB, etc., in the directional main lobe, and is referred to as-3 dB beam width, -6dB beam width, etc., respectively. The size of the beam width of the transducer is related to the size of the radiating surface of the transducer, and when the frequency is constant, the beam width of a radiating sound field generated by the transducer with a larger aperture is smaller; conversely, a smaller aperture corresponds to a larger beamwidth. By changing the vibration velocity distribution of the radiation surface of the transducer, the beam width of a radiation sound field of the transducer can be controlled, so that the smaller beam width is realized under the smaller aperture size.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the transducer in the prior art, the invention provides the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer which can realize small size, low frequency and small beam width.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a transduction method which can be realized by the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer and a low-frequency narrow-beam transduction device which is suitable for underwater detection, so that the transmitting voltage response level is improved, and the purpose that the small-size transducer works in the range of low-frequency narrow beams is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer comprises a front cover plate 5 and a rear cover plate 8, and further comprises a vibration radiation plate 4 and a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, wherein the vibration radiation plate 4 is arranged at the vibration output end of the front cover plate 5, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is arranged between the front cover plate 5 and the rear cover plate 8;
the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is of a cavity type structure consisting of a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each piezoelectric ceramic group consists of a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and butterfly-shaped elastic gaskets 7 which are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, each butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is of a butterfly-shaped ring structure, and the flaring end of each butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is opposite to the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, so that the cavity of each piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the cavities of the upper and lower butterfly-shaped elastic gaskets 7 are combined inside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with the combined longitudinal section being an octa.
Further limiting, the opening diameter of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter D1 of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, and the included angle between the side part of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the horizontal plane is 10-20 degrees.
Further preferably, an included angle between the side part and the bottom part of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees, so that the self elasticity of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 can generate a synergistic effect of longitudinal stress and longitudinal vibration.
Further limiting, the diameter of the opening of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is 1.5-2 times of that of the smaller opening at the other end.
Further defined, the relation between the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the diameter D1 of the front cover plate 5 is: d2 is D1 ~ 2D 1.
A transduction method implemented by the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer comprises the following steps:
(1) the piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 are excited to generate radial vibration, the bottom of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is excited to generate bending vibration by the radial vibration, the bending vibration is converted into longitudinal vibration by the side wall of the butterfly elastic gasket 7, and the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups are connected in series, so that the longitudinal vibration displacement acting on the front cover plate 5 is increased, and the working frequency is reduced;
(2) the longitudinal vibration action of the front cover plate 5 is used on the vibration radiation plate 4, the inner longitudinal vibration is formed on the contact surface of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5, the outer bending vibration is formed on the circular ring part of the vibration radiation plate 4 protruding out of the front cover plate 5, the phase of the outer bending vibration is opposite to that of the inner longitudinal vibration, the radiation sound pressures of the two parts of vibration are superposed to narrow the wave beam, and the emission voltage response value and the wave beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5.
A low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device suitable for underwater detection comprises the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a shell 1 arranged outside the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, and a positive electrode lead 12 and a negative electrode lead 11 connected to the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, wherein the polarization directions of two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer are opposite, one surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 is connected with the positive electrode lead 12, and the other surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring is connected with the negative electrode lead 11; the longitudinal vibration displacement is increased and the working frequency is reduced by utilizing the cavity type piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, and the emission voltage response value and the beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 are regulated and controlled by regulating the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5.
Further, an acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 is arranged on the outer surface of a vibration radiation plate 4 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a sealed cavity is formed between the acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 and the port of the shell 1, and the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer is packaged in the sealed cavity.
Further defined, the interior of the housing 1 is filled with a polyurethane foam layer 3; the positive lead 12 and the negative lead 11 are connected with a cable 13 penetrating through the bottom of the housing 1 to realize the positioning and suspension of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer by using the polyurethane foam layer 3, so that the transducer is suitable for underwater sound wave radiation.
Further defined, the relation between the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the diameter D1 of the front cover plate 5 is: d2 is D1 ~ 2D1, and the part of vibration radiation plate 4 that contacts with front shroud 5 produces longitudinal vibration, and the annular part of the outside of front shroud 5 produces bending vibration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer of the invention can vibrate longitudinally under the excitation of an external voltage signal and radiate sound wave energy outwards, the transducers with different resonant frequencies can be obtained by adjusting the geometric dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7, the combination of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the piezoelectric ceramic plate is used for reducing the resonant frequency of the transducer, the vibration radiation plate 4 at the radiation end of the front cover plate of the transducer is combined, when the longitudinal vibration of the transducer is transmitted to the vibration radiation plate, the longitudinal vibration of the transducer can generate bending vibration, the directivity and the emission voltage response level of the transducer are changed, the emission voltage response value and the beam width at the resonant frequency of the transducer are controlled by adjusting the diameter of the vibration radiation plate, the small-size transducer of the low-frequency narrow beam is realized, and the whole structure and the manufacturing process of the transducer device are simple, the cost is low, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric ceramic assembly of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the mode shape of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the transmission voltage response of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer in water.
Fig. 5 is a directivity diagram of a sandwich piezoelectric transducer in water.
Fig. 6 is a pattern diagram of a low-frequency small-size transducer in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a pattern diagram of a low-frequency small-size transducer in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a pattern diagram of a low-frequency small-size transducer in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the response of the transmitting voltage of the low-frequency small-size transducer in water in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a directivity diagram of a low-frequency small-size transducer in water in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a graph of the transmission voltage response of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a directivity diagram of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a graph of the transmission voltage response of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a directivity diagram of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a pattern diagram of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the sound pressure of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the sound pressure level of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a graph of the transmission voltage response of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a directivity diagram of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
In the figure: the sound-absorbing material comprises a shell 1, a sound-transmitting rubber layer 2, a polyurethane foam layer 3, a vibration radiation plate 4, a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9, a nut 10, a negative lead 11, a positive lead 12, a cable 13 and a sealing rubber 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer of the invention comprises a vibration radiation plate 4, a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack and a rear cover plate 8 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the front cover plate 5, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack and the rear cover plate 8 are coaxially fixed through a bolt 9 penetrating through an axis, the vibration radiation plate 4 is fixed at a vibration output end of the front cover plate 5 through an adhesive glue, the vibration radiation plate 4 is an aluminum round thin plate with the thickness of 2-5mm and the diameter D2 of 30-60 mm, the front cover plate 5 is an aluminum cylinder with the thickness of 35-45 mm and the diameter D1 of 20-30 mm, and the diameter D1 of the front cover plate and the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4 satisfy the following requirements: d2 is 1-2D 1, and the back cover plate 8 is a steel cylinder with the thickness of 35-45 mm and the diameter of 20-30 mm. A piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile is arranged between the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 and consists of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series.
Referring to fig. 2, the piezoelectric ceramic group is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and butterfly elastic gaskets 7 arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 is a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring made of PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum, the flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining octagon-like units. The piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 are excited to generate radial vibration, the bottom of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is excited to generate bending vibration by the radial vibration, the bending vibration is converted into longitudinal vibration by the side wall of the butterfly elastic gasket 7, and the multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups are connected in series, so that the longitudinal vibration displacement acting on the front cover plate 5 is increased, and the working frequency is reduced. By adjusting the geometric dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7, the transducers with different resonant frequencies can be obtained on the premise of not changing the thickness.
Further limiting, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, the diameter of the opening of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is 1.5-2 times that of a small opening at the other end, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is 10-20 degrees, preferably 11.3 degrees.
The transduction method realized by the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer comprises the following steps:
(1) the piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 are excited to generate radial vibration, the bottom of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is excited to generate bending vibration by the radial vibration, the bending vibration is converted into longitudinal vibration by the side wall of the butterfly elastic gasket 7, and the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups are connected in series, so that the longitudinal vibration displacement acting on the front cover plate 5 is increased, and the working frequency is reduced;
(2) the longitudinal vibration action of the front cover plate 5 is used on the vibration radiation plate 4, the inner longitudinal vibration is formed on the contact surface of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5, the outer bending vibration is formed on the circular ring part of the vibration radiation plate 4 protruding out of the front cover plate 5, the phase of the outer bending vibration is opposite to that of the inner longitudinal vibration, the radiation sound pressures of the two parts of vibration are superposed to narrow the wave beam, and the emission voltage response value and the wave beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5.
The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer has the advantages of low frequency, small size and narrow beam, so that the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer can be made into a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device suitable for underwater detection.
The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device suitable for underwater detection comprises a shell 1, a low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a positive electrode lead 12, a negative electrode lead 11, an acoustic-transparent rubber layer 2, a polyurethane foam layer 3 and a cable 13.
The polyurethane foam layer 3 is filled in the shell 1, and the polyurethane foam layer 3 is used for realizing the positioning and suspension of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, so that the transducer is suitable for underwater sound wave radiation. An acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 is arranged at a port of the shell 1, a sealed cavity is formed between the acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 and the port of the shell 1, and the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer is packaged in the sealed cavity. The vibration radiation plate 4 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer is opposite to the sound-transmitting rubber layer 2, the polarization directions of two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer are opposite, one surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 is connected with an anode lead 12, the other surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring is connected with a cathode lead 11, and the anode lead 12 and the cathode lead 11 are connected with a cable 13 penetrating through the bottom of the shell 1. In order to ensure the sealing effect, a sealing rubber 14 is provided at the junction of the cable 13 and the housing 1. Under the condition of keeping the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, the front cover plate 5 and the rear cover plate 8 unchanged, the polarization directions of two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 are opposite, transducers with different resonant frequencies can be obtained on the premise of not changing the thickness by adjusting the geometric dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 and the butterfly elastic gaskets 7, and the emission voltage response value and the beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 are regulated and controlled by adjusting the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5, namely the emission voltage response value and the beam width of the transducer are regulated.
Example 1
The low-frequency small-size transducer of the embodiment comprises a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9 and a nut 10. The front cover plate 5 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolt 9 and the nut 10 are made of steel materials. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
In the present embodiment, the front cover 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and the rear cover 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 24mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 24mm, the diameter of a smaller opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 18mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 18.26 degrees.
Example 2
The low-frequency small-size transducer of the embodiment comprises a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9 and a nut 10. The front cover plate 5 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolt 9 and the nut 10 are made of steel materials. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
In the present embodiment, the front cover 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and the rear cover 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 22mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 22mm, the diameter of a small opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 14mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 14 degrees.
Example 3
The low-frequency small-size transducer of the embodiment comprises a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9 and a nut 10. The front cover plate 5 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolt 9 and the nut 10 are made of steel materials. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
In the present embodiment, the front cover 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and the rear cover 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 20mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 20mm, the diameter of a small opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 10mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees.
Example 4
The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device of the embodiment comprises a shell 1, an acoustic-transparent rubber layer 2, a polyurethane foam layer 3, a vibration radiation plate 4, a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9, a nut 10, a negative lead 11, a positive lead 12 and a cable 13.
The shell 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the front cover plate 5, the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the vibration radiation plate 4 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolts 9 and the nuts 10 are made of steel materials. The bottom of the housing 1 is open for the passage of the cable 13, and the opening is sealed with a sealing rubber 14. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
The vibration radiation plate 4 of the present embodiment is a circular thin plate made of aluminum having a thickness of 2mm and a diameter D2 of 40mm, and the front cover plate 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and satisfies the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4: d2 may be any one of 1-2D 1. The rear cover plate 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 20mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 20mm, the diameter of a small opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 10mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees.
Example 5
The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device of the embodiment comprises a shell 1, an acoustic-transparent rubber layer 2, a polyurethane foam layer 3, a vibration radiation plate 4, a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9, a nut 10, a negative lead 11, a positive lead 12 and a cable 13.
The shell 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the front cover plate 5, the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the vibration radiation plate 4 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolts 9 and the nuts 10 are made of steel materials. The bottom of the housing 1 is open for the passage of the cable 13, and the opening is sealed with a sealing rubber 14. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
The vibration radiation plate 4 of the present embodiment is a circular thin plate of aluminum having a thickness of 2mm and a diameter D2 of 50mm, and the front cover plate 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and satisfies the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4: d2 may be any one of 1-2D 1. The rear cover plate 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 20mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 20mm, the diameter of a small opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 10mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees.
Example 6
The low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device of the embodiment comprises a shell 1, an acoustic-transparent rubber layer 2, a polyurethane foam layer 3, a vibration radiation plate 4, a front cover plate 5, a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, a butterfly elastic gasket 7, a rear cover plate 8, a bolt 9, a nut 10, a negative lead 11, a positive lead 12 and a cable 13.
The shell 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the front cover plate 5, the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the vibration radiation plate 4 are made of aluminum materials, and the rear cover plate 8, the bolts 9 and the nuts 10 are made of steel materials. The bottom of the housing 1 is open for the passage of the cable 13, and the opening is sealed with a sealing rubber 14. The bolt 9 penetrates through the rear cover plate 8, the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and extends into the front cover plate 5 to a certain depth, so that the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 are connected in series to form an integral structure, and the butterfly elastic gasket 7 connected with the rear cover plate 8 and the front cover plate 5 in the middle is bonded through bonding glue respectively. The bottom of the bolt 9 is provided with a nut 10 for fastening.
The piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack of the embodiment is composed of 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each group of piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by bonding a circular piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 made of 1 PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramics and 2 butterfly elastic gaskets 7 respectively arranged on two end faces of the piezoelectric ceramic ring into a whole, the butterfly elastic gaskets 7 of the embodiment are butterfly ring structures made of aluminum materials, flared ends of the butterfly elastic gaskets are opposite to the piezoelectric ceramic ring, and a cavity of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and cavities of the upper and lower butterfly elastic gaskets 7 are combined in the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with a longitudinal section formed by combining similar octagonal units.
The vibration radiation plate 4 of the present embodiment is a circular thin plate made of aluminum having a thickness of 2mm and a diameter D2 of 53mm, and the front cover plate 5 has a thickness of 45mm and a diameter D1 of 30mm, and satisfies the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4: d2 may be any one of 1-2D 1. The rear cover plate 8 has a thickness of 39mm and a diameter of 30 mm. The outer diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 30mm, the inner diameter of the piezoelectric ceramic ring is 20mm, the diameter of an opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 20mm, the diameter of a small opening of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is 10mm, and an included angle between the side part and the bottom of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees.
Fig. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrams of the vibration mode, the transmission voltage response curve in water and the directivity of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer, respectively.
Fig. 6, 7 and 8 are the mode diagrams of the low-frequency small-size transducer (i.e. the transducer without the vibration radiation plate 4) in embodiments 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention, respectively. Comparing fig. 3 with fig. 6, 7 and 8, it can be seen that the resonant frequency of the low-frequency small-sized transducer in example 3 is reduced by 8658Hz compared to the sandwich transducer, and that the frequency of the transducer can be changed by changing the sizes of the butterfly spacers and the piezoelectric ceramic rings as compared with the size data of examples 1 to 3.
Fig. 9 and 10 are a transmission voltage response curve and a directivity diagram of a low-frequency small-size transducer in water in embodiment 3 of the present invention, respectively. Comparing fig. 4 and fig. 9, it can be seen that the response value of the transmission voltage at the resonance frequency of the low-frequency small-size transducer in embodiment 3 is reduced by 14.67dB compared with the sandwich transducer. According to the definition of the beam width, as can be seen from fig. 5 and 10, the beam width of-3 dB at the resonant frequency of the low-frequency small-sized transducer and the sandwich transducer in embodiment 3 is 180 °.
Fig. 11, 13 and 18 are transmission voltage response curves of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiments 4, 5 and 6 of the present invention, respectively. Comparing the response curves of the transmission voltages shows that the response value of the transmission voltage at the resonant frequency of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in example 6 is the largest, and is increased by 5.2dB compared with the sandwich transducer, and is increased by 19.87dB compared with the low-frequency small-size transducer in example 3, and the maximum response value of the transmission voltage and the minimum beam width can be adjusted and changed by changing the diameter of the vibration radiation plate 4.
Fig. 12, 14 and 19 are directivity diagrams of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in water in embodiments 4, 5 and 6 of the present invention, respectively. According to the definition of the beam width, as can be seen from fig. 12, 14 and 19, the-3 dB beam widths at the resonant frequency of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in embodiments 4, 5 and 6 are 180 °, 92.6 ° and 44.6 °, respectively.
Fig. 15, 16 and 17 are a pattern diagram of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer in embodiment 6 of the present invention, and a sound pressure diagram and a sound pressure level diagram in water, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 15, when the longitudinal vibration of the transducer is transmitted to the vibration radiation plate 4, the center portion of the vibration radiation plate 4 makes the longitudinal vibration, and the edge portion makes the bending vibration.
In summary, the comparison shows that the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack formed by combining the piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 and the butterfly-shaped elastic gaskets 7 is combined with the disc-shaped vibration radiation plate 4, so that longitudinal vibration and bending vibration can be superimposed, the transmission voltage response level can be improved, the wave beam at the output end can be narrowed, the transmission voltage response value and the wave beam width at the resonant frequency of the transducer can be controlled by adjusting the diameter of the vibration radiation plate 4, and the small-size transducer can work in the range of low-frequency narrow wave beams.
Claims (10)
1. A low frequency narrow beam transducer comprising a front cover plate 5 and a back cover plate 8, characterized in that: the vibration radiation plate 4 is arranged at the vibration output end of the front cover plate 5, and the piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile is arranged between the front cover plate 5 and the rear cover plate 8;
the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is of a cavity type structure consisting of a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups which are connected in series, each piezoelectric ceramic group consists of a piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and butterfly-shaped elastic gaskets 7 which are arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, each butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is of a butterfly-shaped ring structure, and the flaring end of each butterfly-shaped elastic gasket is opposite to the corresponding piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, so that the cavity of each piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 and the cavities of the upper and lower butterfly-shaped elastic gaskets 7 are combined inside the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack to form a vibration cavity with the combined octagonal units as the.
2. The low frequency narrow beam transducer of claim 1, wherein: the opening diameter of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter D1 of the piezoelectric ceramic ring 6, and the included angle between the side part of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 and the horizontal plane is 10-20 degrees.
3. The low frequency narrow beam transducer of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the side part and the bottom part of the butterfly-shaped elastic gasket 7 is 11.3 degrees.
4. The low frequency narrow beam transducer according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the diameter of the opening of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is 1.5-2 times of the diameter of the smaller opening at the other end.
5. The low frequency narrow beam transducer of claim 1, wherein: the relation between the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the diameter D1 of the front cover plate 5 is: d2 is D1 ~ 2D 1.
6. A method of transduction by a low frequency narrow beam transducer according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
(1) the piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 are excited to generate radial vibration, the bottom of the butterfly elastic gasket 7 is excited to generate bending vibration by the radial vibration, the bending vibration is converted into longitudinal vibration by the side wall of the butterfly elastic gasket 7, and the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic groups are connected in series, so that the longitudinal vibration displacement acting on the front cover plate 5 is increased, and the working frequency is reduced;
(2) the longitudinal vibration action of the front cover plate 5 is used on the vibration radiation plate 4, the inner longitudinal vibration is formed on the contact surface of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5, the outer bending vibration is formed on the circular ring part of the vibration radiation plate 4 protruding out of the front cover plate 5, the phase of the outer bending vibration is opposite to that of the inner longitudinal vibration, the radiation sound pressures of the two parts of vibration are superposed to narrow the wave beam, and the emission voltage response value and the wave beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5.
7. A low-frequency narrow-beam transducer device suitable for underwater exploration, characterized in that: the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer comprises the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer as claimed in claim 1, a housing 1 arranged outside the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, and a positive lead 12 and a negative lead 11 connected to the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, wherein the polarization directions of two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic rings 6 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer are opposite, one surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring 6 is connected with the positive lead 12, and the other surface of each piezoelectric ceramic ring is connected with the negative lead 11; the longitudinal vibration displacement is increased and the working frequency is reduced by utilizing the cavity type piezoelectric ceramic crystal pile of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, and the emission voltage response value and the beam width of the output end of the vibration radiation plate 4 are regulated and controlled by regulating the diameter difference value of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the front cover plate 5.
8. The low frequency narrow beam transducer apparatus adapted for underwater exploration of claim 7, wherein: and an acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 is arranged on the outer surface of a vibration radiation plate 4 of the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer, a sealing cavity is formed between the acoustic transmission rubber layer 2 and a port of the shell 1, and the low-frequency narrow-beam transducer is packaged in the sealing cavity.
9. The low frequency narrow beam transducer apparatus adapted for underwater exploration of claim 7, wherein: the interior of the housing 1 is filled with a polyurethane foam layer 3; the positive and negative leads 12 and 11 are connected to a cable 13 that passes through the bottom of the case 1.
10. The low frequency narrow beam transducer apparatus adapted for underwater exploration of claim 7, wherein: the relation between the diameter D2 of the vibration radiation plate 4 and the diameter D1 of the front cover plate 5 is: d2 is D1 ~ 2D 1.
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