CN110631944B - Underwater material scouring three-dimensional effect experimental device and method - Google Patents
Underwater material scouring three-dimensional effect experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110631944B CN110631944B CN201910924473.3A CN201910924473A CN110631944B CN 110631944 B CN110631944 B CN 110631944B CN 201910924473 A CN201910924473 A CN 201910924473A CN 110631944 B CN110631944 B CN 110631944B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring, wherein the experimental device comprises the following steps: the device comprises an outer water tank, a base connected with the bottom of the outer water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged above the top of the outer water tank; the outer water tank is used for bearing fluid containing tracer particles, a bearing member is arranged on the wall of the outer water tank, the bearing member can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid, and an inner rotary drum is arranged in the outer water tank; a power device is arranged in the base and is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum; the monitoring assembly comprises a supporting member, a first capturing member and a first display member which are hung on the supporting member, and a second capturing member and a second display member which are arranged in the inner rotary drum, wherein the second capturing member and the second display member are connected with the supporting member through a guide rod. Through the technical scheme who uses this application, the mode through inner rotary drum autogyration produces and erodees, and the erosion action power is lastingly stable to be fit for the long period experiment to the device need not provide water circulating system more energy-conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material testing, in particular to an underwater material scouring three-dimensional effect experimental device and method.
Background
In the field of hydraulic structures, particularly in wading buildings such as dams, embankments and bridges, as part of the structures of the buildings are in underwater positions for a long time, long-term scouring and erosion of water flow to the buildings can be inevitably formed, so that the characteristics of surface materials of the buildings are changed, and key physical indexes such as elastic modulus, linear expansion coefficient and the like can be even influenced. At present, researchers are still in a very macroscopic stage of understanding the erosion characteristics of the fluid flow pattern, and do not have quantitative analysis devices that can be used for theoretical basis and microscopic characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for testing a three-dimensional effect of underwater material erosion, which are used to measure the erosion effect and erosion condition of fluid on the material.
Based on the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises an outer water tank, a base connected with the bottom of the outer water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged above the top of the outer water tank;
the outer water tank is used for bearing a fluid containing tracer particles, the wall of the outer water tank is provided with at least one bearing member, the bearing member can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid, and an inner rotary drum is arranged in the outer water tank;
a power device is arranged in the base and is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum;
the monitoring assembly includes a support member, at least one first capturing member and at least one first visualization member suspended from the support member, at least one second capturing member and at least one second visualization member disposed within the inner drum, the second capturing member and the second visualization member being connected to the support member by a guide rod.
In some embodiments, the carrier member comprises a flushing plate, a connecting string and a connecting ring, the connecting string connecting the flushing plate and the connecting ring, the flushing plate being partially or totally immersed in the fluid, the flushing plate being suspended from the support member by the connecting ring.
In some embodiments, the outer water tank is a cylindrical water tank; the inner rotary drum is cylindrical and is arranged at the central position of the outer water tank; the inner rotary drum is in transmission connection with the power device through an inner rotary drum fixer, and the inner rotary drum is in sealing fixed connection with the inner rotary drum fixer.
In some embodiments, the power device comprises a metal base, a coil tightly wound on the metal base, and a rotor arranged in the metal base, wherein the coil is connected with an external power grid through a converter, and the rotor is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum.
In some embodiments, the first visualization member comprises a first laser, a first pyramid, and a first connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected with the support member, the first laser and the first pyramid are fixedly connected with the first connecting rod, the first laser irradiates the fluid between the bearing member and the inner drum vertically, and the first pyramid is disposed on an irradiation path of the first laser;
the second imaging component comprises a first bearing base, a second laser and a second pyramid, the second laser and the second pyramid are arranged on the first bearing base, the second laser horizontally irradiates the part of the bearing component immersed in the fluid, the second pyramid is arranged on the irradiation path of the second laser, and the first bearing base is fixedly connected with the guide rod.
In some embodiments, the first capturing member comprises a first high speed camera and a second connecting rod, one end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected with the supporting member, and the first high speed camera is adjustably connected to the other end of the second connecting rod;
the second capturing component comprises a second bearing base and a second high-speed camera arranged on the second bearing base, and the second bearing base is fixedly connected with the guide rod.
In some embodiments, the device further comprises a fan blade, wherein an interface is arranged on the wall of the inner rotating drum, and the fan blade is detachably arranged on the wall of the inner rotating drum through the interface.
In some embodiments, a length adjuster is provided on the guide bar, the length adjuster making the guide bar length adjustable.
In some embodiments, the support member is connected to the balancing base by a balancing pole; the water tank is detachably connected with the wall of the outer water tank through at least one auxiliary rod and a contact piece arranged at one end of the auxiliary rod.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an experimental method for the three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring, which comprises the following steps:
injecting a fluid containing tracer particles into the outer water tank;
the device is powered on, so that a power device in the base generates an electromagnetic field and drives an inner rotary drum to rotate, and the inner rotary drum drives the fluid to rotate to scour the underwater materials on the bearing member;
irradiating a fluid by using a first imaging component connected with a supporting component through a guide rod in a monitoring assembly and a second imaging component arranged in the inner rotary drum, so as to enable tracer particles irradiated in the fluid to generate visual change;
and capturing the visual change of the tracer particles and the image of the underwater material by utilizing a first capturing component connected with a supporting component through a guide rod in the monitoring assembly and a second capturing component arranged in the inner rotary drum, and transmitting the image to a remote display device for displaying.
From the above, the experimental device and method for the three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring provided by the invention comprise: the device comprises an outer water tank, a base connected with the bottom of the outer water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged above the top of the outer water tank; the outer water tank is used for bearing fluid containing tracer particles, a bearing member is arranged on the wall of the outer water tank, the bearing member can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid, and an inner rotary drum is arranged in the outer water tank; a power device is arranged in the base and is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum; the monitoring assembly comprises a supporting member, a first capturing member and a first display member which are hung on the supporting member, and a second capturing member and a second display member which are arranged in the inner rotary drum, wherein the second capturing member and the second display member are connected with the supporting member through a guide rod. Through the technical scheme who uses this application, the mode through inner rotary drum autogyration produces and erodees, and the erosion action power is lastingly stable to be fit for the long period experiment to the device need not provide water circulating system more energy-conservation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an experimental method for a three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a theoretical fluid velocity field effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all expressions using "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention are used for distinguishing two entities with the same name but different names or different parameters, and it should be noted that "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of description and should not be construed as limitations of the embodiments of the present invention, and they are not described in any more detail in the following embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
As mentioned in the background, the erosion period of the underwater structure by the water body is generally long, and therefore, it is difficult to experimentally simulate and study the system. The existing experimental device for erosion and scouring generally adopts flowing water to scour experimental materials, and the problems of the experimental device are four: firstly, the velocity of the water flow hardly guarantees steady state, and often forms turbulent flow which is difficult to quantitatively analyze, so that experimental variables are difficult to effectively control; secondly, because the scouring experiment period is long, the experiment device adopts flowing water and utilizes a water pump for cyclic utilization, and the experiment energy consumption is often high; thirdly, the analysis of experimental data can only stay at a macroscopic level, and it is difficult to provide simplified and basic experimental data to support theoretical research; fourth, there is no experimental device that can provide three-dimensional water flow state data, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of both the erosion surface and the perpendicular surface affect the erosion effect. Aiming at the problems, a scouring experiment device which can provide laminar flow characteristic scouring with low energy consumption and record the flow state of the laminar flow characteristic scouring is very necessary for theoretical and observation research, and is not only the direction for engineering technicians to strive, but also the necessary condition for deeply researching the scouring and erosion problems of underwater buildings and improving the material performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application discloses an experimental device and method for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring, wherein a power device drives an inner rotary drum to rotate automatically, so that fluid between an outer water tank and the inner rotary drum is driven to flow, and thus, lasting and stable scouring is provided for experimental materials arranged on a bearing member of the wall of the outer water tank. In addition, the flow state of the water flow is recorded through the developing component, the underwater tracing particles and the capturing component, so that the influence of the water body flow state on the material erosion effect can be analyzed through image processing.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present description are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring in this embodiment is shown, and the experimental apparatus for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring specifically includes: the device comprises an outer water tank 1, a base 2 connected with the bottom of the outer water tank 1 and a monitoring assembly 3 arranged above the top of the outer water tank 1;
the outer water tank 1 is used for carrying a fluid 4 containing tracer particles, the wall of the outer water tank 1 is provided with at least one carrying member 5, the carrying member 5 can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid 4, and an inner rotating cylinder 6 is arranged in the outer water tank 1;
a power device 7 is arranged in the base 1, and the power device 7 is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum 6;
the monitoring assembly 3 comprises a supporting member 8, at least one first capturing member 9 and at least one first display member 12 suspended from the supporting member 8, at least one second capturing member 10 and at least one second display member 13 arranged inside the inner drum 6, the second capturing member 10 and the second display member 13 being connected to the supporting member 8 by a guide rod 11.
It can be seen that in this embodiment the outer trough is primarily used for carrying fluid, and can carry parts on its walls and an inner drum is provided in the middle. The visible external sink can take a wide variety of forms, such as: a square channel configuration, a cylindrical channel configuration, or an elliptical channel configuration, among others. The fluid carried may be various liquids used in experiments, such as: water, various reagents, various solutions capable of simulating an experimental environment, emulsions or turbid liquids, and the like. Meanwhile, the bearing component is used for bearing the experimental materials, and the connection mode of the bearing component and the wall of the outer water tank can be that the bearing component is hung on the wall of the tank, fixed on the wall of the tank through a buckle, inserted and connected with the wall of the tank through a bolt, and the like; the connection mode of the bearing component and the experimental material can be that the bearing component is hung on the bearing component, is fixed on the bearing component through a buckle, is adsorbed on the bearing component through magnetic force and the like; in addition, one or more bearing members can be arranged according to experimental requirements. The inner rotary drum is used for driving the fluid in the outer water tank and enabling the fluid to form a flow state, the shape of the inner rotary drum can be cylindrical, square, wavy and the like, the shape of the inner rotary drum can drive the fluid, and the formed flow state can be laminar flow or turbulent flow.
The shape of the base for carrying the outer tub may be a cylindrical shape or a square shape having the same size as the outer tub, a cylindrical shape or a square shape having a larger size than the outer tub, or a bracket for carrying only the outer tub. The power device is arranged in the base and used for providing power for the rotation of the inner rotary drum, and the form of the power device can be a device which can provide rotary power for a common motor, an electromagnetic induction device and the like. The power device is connected with the inner rotary drum in a transmission way, and the connection mode can be direct connection, connection through a transmission rod or connection through a transmission bearing, a gear and the like.
The detection assembly is used for imaging and recording fluid state, experimental materials and mutual influence of the fluid state and the experimental materials, the form of the detection assembly can be that infrared imaging particles exist in fluid, and an infrared camera is used for directly shooting and recording water; laser imaging particles are present in the fluid, the particles are imaged with a laser and captured with a camera, etc.
The detection assembly in the scheme comprises a supporting member for supporting and bearing other members in the detection assembly, the detection assembly is made of metal, inorganic materials, organic materials and the like, and the detection assembly can be square plates, circular plates, square frames, circular frames and the like.
The first capturing member and the second capturing member may be provided in plural numbers corresponding to the number of the carrying members for capturing a picture, and may be a camera, a video camera, or the like, wherein the first capturing member may be suspended from the supporting member by a metal rod, a steel wire, or the like, and the second capturing member may be connected to the supporting member in such a manner that: directly connected to the support member by a metal rod, connected to a tray by a metal rod, the tray carrying a second catching member, etc.
First development component and second development component all can set up a plurality ofly, and the number corresponds with the number of carrier member for carry out the development to fluid flow state etc. can be for the instrument that laser instrument, infrared emitter etc. can make the development of tracer particle. Wherein the first imaging member may be suspended from the support member by a metal rod, a steel wire, or the like; the second developing member may be connected to the supporting member in such a manner that: directly connected with the supporting member through a metal rod; the second developing component is connected with the tray through a metal rod, and the tray carries the second developing component; by means of a rotatable guide rod to a rotatable second visualization member, etc. Two imaging areas formed by the first imaging component and the second imaging component are crossed to form a three-dimensional fluid state effect.
From the above, the experimental device and method for the three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring provided by the invention comprise: the device comprises an outer water tank, a base connected with the bottom of the outer water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged above the top of the outer water tank; the outer water tank is used for bearing fluid containing tracer particles, a bearing member is arranged on the wall of the outer water tank, the bearing member can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid, and an inner rotary drum is arranged in the outer water tank; a power device is arranged in the base and is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum; the monitoring assembly comprises a supporting member, a first capturing member and a first developing member which are hung on the supporting member, and a second capturing member and a second developing member which are arranged in the inner rotary drum, wherein the second capturing member and the second developing member are connected with the supporting member through a guide rod. Through the technical scheme who uses this application, the mode through inner rotary drum autogyration produces and erodees, and the erosion action power is lastingly stable to be fit for the long period experiment to the device need not provide water circulating system more energy-conservation.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the carrier member 5 includes a flushing plate 5-1, a connecting rope 5-2 and a connecting ring 5-3, the connecting rope 5-2 connects the flushing plate 5-1 and the connecting ring 5-2, the flushing plate 5-1 is partially or completely immersed in the fluid 4, and the flushing plate 5-1 is suspended from the supporting member 8 through the connecting ring 5-3. Through this kind of setting, can guarantee through the mode that hangs that the washing board keeps the vertical state with the fluid face, such setting can adjust the length of connecting the rope in a flexible way simultaneously, and then can adjust the height of washing board in a flexible way, the whole load-bearing member of dismantlement that simultaneously can be nimble, more convenience of customers carries out the installation and the dismantlement of experimental material.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the outer water tank 1 is a cylindrical water tank; the inner rotary drum 6 is cylindrical and is arranged at the central position of the outer water tank 1; the inner rotating cylinder 6 is in transmission connection with the power device 7 through an inner rotating cylinder fixer 6-1, and the inner rotating cylinder 6 is in sealing fixed connection with the inner rotating cylinder fixer 6-1. Through the arrangement, the fluid can generate the laminar flow effect when the inner rotary drum rotates, the speed of the water flow is kept in a stable state, and the formation of turbulent flow which is difficult to quantitatively analyze is avoided, so that experimental variables can be effectively controlled. Make interior rotary drum keep more stable selection through setting up interior rotary drum fixer, adopt sealed fixed connection's mode simultaneously, make interior rotary drum inside keep dry to guarantee the steady operation of other equipment.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the power device 7 comprises a metal base 7-1, a coil 7-2 tightly wound on the metal base 7-1, and a rotor 7-3 arranged in the metal base 7-1, wherein the coil 3-2 is connected with an external power grid through a converter 7-4, and the rotor 7-3 is in transmission connection with the inner drum 6. Through the arrangement, the whole power device can generate an electromagnetic induction effect, the middle rotor rotates under the influence of a magnetic field and drives the inner rotary drum to rotate, alternating current of an external power grid is converted into direct current through the converter, and the coil and the metal base generate electromagnetic induction magnetic induction wires 15.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first imaging member 12 comprises a first laser 12-1, a first pyramid 12-2 and a first connecting rod 12-3, one end of the first connecting rod 12-3 is fixedly connected to the supporting member 8, the first laser 12-1 and the first pyramid 12-2 are fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 12-3, the first laser 12-1 vertically irradiates the fluid 4 between the bearing member 5 and the inner drum 6, and the first pyramid 12-2 is disposed on the irradiation path of the first laser 12-1; the second imaging member 13 includes a first bearing base 13-3, and a second laser 13-1 and a second pyramid 13-2 disposed on the first bearing base 13-3, the second laser 13-1 horizontally irradiates a portion of the bearing member 5 immersed in the fluid 4, the second pyramid 13-2 is disposed on an irradiation path of the second laser 13-1, and the first bearing base 13-3 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 11. Through the arrangement, the tracer particles in the fluid can be effectively developed, laser emitted by the laser is diffused into a fan-shaped laser radiation surface through the pyramid, the fluid in a larger range can be irradiated, the first laser and the first pyramid can keep a vertical state to irradiate the fluid in a suspension mode, the second laser and the second pyramid can be kept in a horizontal state through the first bearing base, the fluid state conditions on a vertical plane and a horizontal plane can be displayed by the tracer particles, the whole fluid three-dimensional fluid state effect can be reflected through the fluid state conditions on the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, as shown in fig. 2, the first laser 12-1 forms a laser radiation surface 16 through the first pyramid 12-2, and the second laser 13-1 forms a laser radiation surface 17 through the second pyramid 13-2.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first capturing means 9 comprises a first high-speed camera 9-1 and a second connecting rod 9-2, one end of the second connecting rod 9-2 is fixedly connected with the supporting means 8, and the first high-speed camera 9-1 is adjustably connected to the other end of the second connecting rod 9-2; the second capturing member 10 includes a second carrying base 10-2 and a second high-speed camera 10-1 disposed on the second carrying base 10-2, and the second carrying base 10-2 is fixedly connected to the guide bar 11. By this arrangement, the first high-speed camera can be kept in a vertical state and can quickly capture the instantaneous change of the fluid on the horizontal plane, and the second high-speed camera can be kept in a horizontal state and can quickly capture the instantaneous change of the fluid on the vertical plane. Meanwhile, the change of the fluid is converted into a high-resolution picture for storage for later analysis, the height of the first high-speed camera can be adjusted, and further the requirements of different water levels and different material flushing positions can be met, as shown in fig. 2, the height of the shooting range 18 of the first high-speed camera 9-1 can be freely adjusted, the shooting range 19 of the second high-speed camera 10-1, and images shot by the first high-speed camera 9-1 and the second high-speed camera 10-1 are transmitted to the remote display device 14 for display. In addition, the connecting rod can be a metal rod, a plastic rod and the like.
In an optional embodiment, the device further includes a fan blade, an interface is disposed on the wall of the inner drum, and the fan blade is detachably disposed on the wall of the inner drum through the interface. Through the arrangement, the influence of laminar flow scouring and turbulent flow scouring on the material can be compared, and then a control experiment is carried out. The shape of the fan blade can be various shapes which can drive water flow to move, for example: the position of the interface can be the upper side of the cylinder wall or the middle, so long as the function of fixing the fan blades can be achieved and the laminar flow experiment is not influenced.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the guide bar 11 is provided with a length adjuster 11-1, and the length adjuster 11-1 enables the guide bar 11 to be adjustable in length. Through the arrangement, the length of the guide rod can be flexibly adjusted, so that the second capturing component and the second developing component connected with the lower end of the guide rod can flexibly move up and down, and the device is suitable for different water levels and different material flushing positions.
In an alternative embodiment, shown with reference to fig. 2, said support member 8 is connected to the balancing base 8-2 by means of a balancing bar 8-1; is detachably connected with the wall of the outer water tank 1 through at least one auxiliary rod 8-3 and a contact piece 8-4 arranged at one end of the auxiliary rod 8-3. The balance base is a balance weight, the supporting component is kept stable through the balance rod, the auxiliary rod is used for supporting the supporting component in an auxiliary mode, the auxiliary rod is detachably connected with the wall of the outer water tank, a contact piece with a protection effect is arranged at the connection position of the auxiliary rod, and the auxiliary rods and the supporting component can form an observation window. By this arrangement, the support member can be kept horizontal and stable, and is easy to move, and the position of the monitoring assembly and the observation window of the experiment can be accurately controlled more effectively.
In a specific application scenario, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the underwater material scouring three-dimensional effect experimental device mainly comprises three parts: monitoring component 3, outer basin 1 and base 2. The outer water tank 1 comprises an inner rotary drum 6, an inner rotary drum fixer 6-1, a flushing plate 5-1 and a fixing device connecting rope 5-2 thereof, a connecting ring 5-3 and the like, the part is mainly used for bearing a main body of an experimental object, and the water flow speed in the outer water tank 1 is driven through the self-rotation of the inner rotary drum 6, so that the continuous and stable erosion of experimental materials in the flushing plate 5-1 is provided. The monitoring assembly 3 comprises a plurality of lasers, pyramid and high-speed cameras, a guide rod 11, a supporting member 8 and other connecting bearing structures, and the monitoring assembly is mainly used for monitoring and recording a water flow velocity field and a flow state acting on an eroded material. The balance bar 8-1, the balance base 8-2, the auxiliary bar 8-3 and the contact piece 8-4 are packaged in the supporting component 8 and are used for fixing and supporting the monitoring component 3. The base 2 includes a power device 7 inside the base and connection and support fittings, etc., which function to power the self-rotation of the inner rotary drum 6, thereby providing uniform and continuous washing of the test material. The power device 7 comprises a metal base 7-1, a coil 7-2, a rotor 7-3 and a converter 7-4.
In the outer water tank 1, an inner rotary drum 6 is a hollow cylinder made of transparent organic glass material and provided with an opening at the upper end, the diameter of the bottom surface of the cylinder is 50-70 cm, the height of the cylinder is 100-140 cm, the wall thickness of the cylinder is 1.5-2.5 cm, and the cylinder is fixed on a rotatable rotor 7-3 through an inner rotary drum fixer 6-1; the outer water tank 1 is a cylinder made of transparent organic glass material and provided with an opening at the upper end, the diameter of the cylinder is 100 cm-140 cm, the height of the cylinder is 100 cm-140 cm, and the wall thickness of the cylinder is 2.5 cm-3.5 cm; the flushing plate 5-1 is used for installing a material to be tested, can be arranged at the inner side of an outer water tank in a fitting manner, is fixed on a supporting member 8 through a connecting rope 5-2 and a connecting ring 5-3, and controls the vertical position of the flushing plate 5-1 by adjusting the length of the connecting rope 5-2; the connecting rope 5-2 is a hot galvanizing steel wire rope, the structure is 2 x 7, the product specification is 1 x 72 mm-3mm, and the diameter of the rope is 4 mm-6 mm; the outer surface of the inner rotary drum 6 is provided with interfaces for adding fan blades, when the experiment aims at researching the scouring effect of laminar flow, the surface of the inner rotary drum 6 is kept smooth, and when the experiment aims at researching the sand scouring effect of water in turbulent flow state on experimental materials, fan blades are arranged at the interfaces, so that the simulation of different flow states is realized; the fan sheet can be of a plastic structure, 2-5 fan sheets can be installed on the same horizontal layer, the width is 5-20cm, and the length is 5-30 cm.
In the monitoring assembly 3 portion, a laser, a pyramid, and a high-speed camera are mounted on a support member 8 inside the inner drum 6 and above the outer tank 1, respectively. The two sets of capture members mounted within the inner drum 6 and on the support member 8 have imaging ranges perpendicular to each other, and thus a three-dimensional velocity field of the body of water can be obtained. Alternatively, the number of lasers may be 4, two are mounted in the inner rotating cylinder 6, two are mounted on the supporting member 8 in a hanging manner, the power is 5KW to 20KW, the emitted light is green light with a wavelength of 532nm, the lasers in the inner rotating cylinder 6 are fixed on the first bearing base 13-3 by screws, the light beams emitted by all the lasers are adjusted by a pyramid, and the shape of the light beams is changed from a linear shape to a sector. The pyramid can select a model with a diffusion angle of 30-60 degrees according to experimental requirements; the first load-bearing base 13-3 is fixed to the support member 8 by means of a guide rod 11. The supporting component 8 is fixed through the balance rod 8-1 and the balance base 8-2, the mounting scheme is easy to move, and the position of the monitoring device and an observation window of an experiment can be controlled more effectively and accurately. Alternatively, the number of high speed cameras may be 4, two of which are mounted inside the inner drum 6 and two of which are mounted on the top support member 8 by means of the second connecting rods 9-2, each having a number of frames per second not lower than 200fps and a number of pixels not lower than 1280 x 720 plx. After the green light beams emitted by all the lasers pass through the pyramid, the light is converted into a fan from the beams, and the shooting surface of the whole high-speed camera can be illuminated. The diameter of the tracer particles in the water body is 5-20 um, the tracer particles have stronger light refraction capability when placed in the water, and the density is basically consistent with that of the water body, so that the tracer particles can be fully floated in the water, and the motion trail of the tracer particles is consistent with that of the water body. The movement track of the tracer particles is shot through laser, the flow state of water in the outer water tank is obtained, and then the influence of the flow state of the water body on the erosion of underwater materials is obtained. The scheme is characterized in that two groups of transverse and longitudinal cameras and laser are installed, and the cross section and the longitudinal section of the water body can be shot respectively, so that the three-dimensional velocity field of the whole tracer particle and the whole water body is obtained.
In the device, the first connecting rod 12-3, the second connecting rod 9-2 and the guide rod 11 are used for providing tension for the monitoring assembly 3 and fixing other components in the monitoring assembly 3 on the supporting member 8. Wherein the balance bar 8-1 and the balance base 8-2 are used to fix the support member 8. Optionally, the cross sections of the first connecting rod 12-3 and the second connecting rod 9-2 are square, the length is 20 cm-50 cm, and the side length of the square is 4 cm-8 cm. The guide rod 11 is square in cross section and 50-100 cm in length, and is provided with a length adjuster 11-1, so that the length of the guide rod 11 can be adjusted according to experimental needs, and the vertical height of a high-speed camera, a laser and a pyramid in the inner rotary drum can be adjusted.
In the power device 7 part, a coil 7-2 is wound on a metal base 7-1 and is connected with a 220V alternating current power supply through a converter 7-4. The converter 7-4 is used for converting alternating current into direct current. The rotor 7-3 is a stainless steel cylinder with a smooth surface, the end face of the rotor is the same as the end face of the inner rotary drum 6, the diameter of the rotor is about 50 cm-70 cm, the height of the rotor is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rotor, the upper end of the rotor is connected with the inner rotary drum 6 through the inner rotary drum fixer 6-1, and the lower end of the rotor is a free surface. After the power supply is switched on, under the action of electromagnetic induction, the rotor 7-3 automatically rotates around the circle center, and then the inner rotary drum fixer 6-1 and the inner rotary drum 6 are driven to synchronously rotate.
In this concrete embodiment scheme, the principle through electromagnetic induction drives interior rotary drum autogyration to drive the rivers between outer basin and the interior rotary drum and flow, thereby provide lasting stable erosion for settling the test material on the washing board of outer basin inner wall. In addition, the flow state of the water flow is recorded through a laser, a pyramid, underwater tracer particles and a high-speed camera, so that the influence of the water flow state on the material erosion effect can be analyzed through image processing. The scheme is characterized in that: erosion is generated in a mode of self-rotation of an inner rotary drum, the erosion acting force is lasting and stable, the device is suitable for long-period tests, and a water circulation system does not need to be provided for the device, so that energy is saved; secondly, the inner rotary drum in the water tank is driven to rotate by the electromagnetic force generated by the power device arranged outside the water tank, so that the waterproof problem of underwater live equipment and the sealing problem of an outer water tank pipeline can be effectively avoided; thirdly, the rotation speed of the inner rotary drum is adjusted to keep laminar flow of the flow state, the test variable can be controlled more conveniently through the particle image velocimetry technology, tracking records are carried out on the microcosmic flow state, and therefore a data basis is provided for theoretical analysis; fourthly, recording a three-dimensional velocity field of the water flow through the combined action of the two groups of lasers, the pyramid and the high-speed camera, so that the microcosmic flow state is recorded more effectively; and fifthly, installing fan blades on the surface of the inner rotary drum through the interface to generate a turbulent flow state, so that the turbulent flow state can be compared with a laminar flow test for observation.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental method for the three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 3:
and 304, capturing the visual change of the tracer particles and the image of the underwater material by utilizing a first capturing component connected with a supporting component through a guide rod and a second capturing component arranged in the inner rotary cylinder in the monitoring assembly, and transmitting the image to a remote display device for displaying.
In a specific application scenario, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the base 2 and the power device 7 therein are assembled, and the outer water tank 1, the inner rotary drum holder 6-1 and the inner rotary drum 6 are installed.
The test material to be tested is fixed on the flushing plate 5-1, 2 flushing plates 5-1 are selected according to the test requirement, and the flushing plates 5-1 are respectively fixed at the positions required by the test by adjusting the length of the connecting ropes 5-2.
The fixed bracket part for installing the monitoring assembly 3 comprises a balance rod 8-1, a balance base 8-2, a supporting member 8 and a guide rod 11. Firstly, fixing a second laser 13-1 and a second pyramid 13-2 in the inner rotary drum 6 on a guide rod 11 through a first bearing base 13-3, and fixing a second high-speed camera 10-1 on the guide rod 11 through a second bearing base 10-2; the length of the guide rod 11 is adjusted through the length adjuster 11-1, so that the vertical heights of the first bearing base 13-3 and the second bearing base 10-2 are adjusted, the light range 17 of the second laser 13-1 and the second pyramid 13-2 covers the whole flushing plate 5-1, and the shooting range 19 of the second high-speed camera 10-1 can cover the research area of the test. Meanwhile, a first high-speed camera 9-1 is installed on the second connecting rod 9-2, and its photographing range 18 is adjusted by adjusting the focal length, and then a first laser 12-1 and a first pyramid 12-2 are installed on the first connecting rod 12-3.
Water is injected into the outer water tank 1 to a position higher than the upper boundary of the scouring plate 5-1 by at least 10cm, so that the influence of the surface fluctuation of the water body on the experimental effect is reduced, tracer particles with the same density as water are added underwater, and the diameter of the tracer particles can be 5-20 um according to the condition of a camera lens.
The power device 7 is powered on, the current and the voltage output by the converter 7-4 are adjusted, so that the magnetic field intensity generated by the metal base 7-1 and the coil 7-2 is adjusted, the rotating speed of the rotor 7-3 is adjusted, and finally the erosion intensity of water on the flushing plate 5-1 is controlled, as shown in fig. 4, the effect schematic diagram of the theoretical fluid velocity field is shown.
All high speed cameras are turned on, the shooting frequency and the number of pixels per second are set, and image data is recorded on the remote display device 14 in real time. And setting the shooting time length according to the requirement, and processing the image after the test is finished.
The method of the above embodiment is used for applying the corresponding device in the foregoing embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding device embodiment, which are not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the invention, also features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an underwater material erodees three-dimensional effect experimental apparatus which characterized in that, the device includes: the device comprises an outer water tank, a base connected with the bottom of the outer water tank and a monitoring assembly arranged above the top of the outer water tank;
the outer water tank is used for bearing a fluid containing tracer particles, the wall of the outer water tank is provided with at least one bearing member, the bearing member can be partially or completely immersed in the fluid, and an inner rotary drum is arranged in the outer water tank;
a power device is arranged in the base and is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum;
the monitoring assembly includes a support member, at least one first capturing member and at least one first visualization member suspended from the support member, at least one second capturing member and at least one second visualization member disposed within the inner drum, the second capturing member and the second visualization member being connected to the support member by a guide rod.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the carrier member comprises a flushing plate, a connecting cord and a connecting ring, the connecting cord connecting the flushing plate and the connecting ring, the flushing plate being partially or completely immersed in the fluid, the flushing plate being suspended from the support member by the connecting ring.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer tank is a cylindrical tank; the inner rotary drum is cylindrical and is arranged at the central position of the outer water tank; the inner rotary drum is in transmission connection with the power device through an inner rotary drum fixer, and the inner rotary drum is in sealing fixed connection with the inner rotary drum fixer.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the power device comprises a metal base, a coil tightly wound on the metal base, and a rotor disposed in the metal base, wherein the coil is connected with an external power grid through a converter, and the rotor is in transmission connection with the inner rotary drum.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first visualization means comprises a first laser, a first pyramid and a first connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected with the supporting means, the first laser and the first pyramid are fixedly connected with the first connecting rod, the first laser irradiates the fluid between the bearing means and the inner drum vertically, and the first pyramid is disposed on an irradiation path of the first laser;
the second imaging component comprises a first bearing base, a second laser and a second pyramid, the second laser and the second pyramid are arranged on the first bearing base, the second laser horizontally irradiates the part of the bearing component immersed in the fluid, the second pyramid is arranged on the irradiation path of the second laser, and the first bearing base is fixedly connected with the guide rod.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first capturing means comprises a first high speed camera and a second connecting rod, one end of the second connecting rod being fixedly connected to the supporting means, the first high speed camera being adjustably connected to the other end of the second connecting rod;
the second capturing component comprises a second bearing base and a second high-speed camera arranged on the second bearing base, and the second bearing base is fixedly connected with the guide rod.
7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a fan blade, wherein the inner drum has an interface disposed on a wall thereof, and the fan blade is detachably disposed on the wall via the interface.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the guide bar is provided with a length adjuster that allows the guide bar to be length-adjusted.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support member is connected to a balancing base by a balancing bar; the water tank is detachably connected with the wall of the outer water tank through at least one auxiliary rod and a contact piece arranged at one end of the auxiliary rod.
10. An experimental method for three-dimensional effect of underwater material scouring using the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
injecting a fluid containing tracer particles into the outer water tank;
the device is powered on, so that a power device in the base generates an electromagnetic field and drives an inner rotary drum to rotate, and the inner rotary drum drives the fluid to rotate to scour the underwater materials on the bearing member;
irradiating a fluid by using a first imaging component connected with a supporting component through a guide rod in a monitoring assembly and a second imaging component arranged in the inner rotary drum, so as to enable tracer particles irradiated in the fluid to generate visual change;
and capturing the visual change of the tracer particles and the image of the underwater material by utilizing a first capturing component connected with a supporting component through a guide rod in the monitoring assembly and a second capturing component arranged in the inner rotary drum, and transmitting the image to a remote display device for displaying.
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