CN110631009A - Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler - Google Patents

Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110631009A
CN110631009A CN201910914990.2A CN201910914990A CN110631009A CN 110631009 A CN110631009 A CN 110631009A CN 201910914990 A CN201910914990 A CN 201910914990A CN 110631009 A CN110631009 A CN 110631009A
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China
Prior art keywords
slag
temperature
heat exchanger
low
water
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Pending
Application number
CN201910914990.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李建新
赵伟民
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Qingdao Songling Power Environmental Equipment Co Ltd
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Emeishan Xiangteng Machinery Factory
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Priority to CN201910914990.2A priority Critical patent/CN110631009A/en
Publication of CN110631009A publication Critical patent/CN110631009A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24Devices for removal of material from the bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an air-water combined cycle vertical slag cooler, which solves the problems that the existing slag cooler blocks slag, is worn, is not easy to replace a heating surface and can not improve the thermal efficiency of a boiler, a high-temperature heat exchanger in a cavity of the slag cooler adopts a cooling medium of high-temperature and high-pressure boiler feed water or boiler water, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium absorbs high-temperature bottom slag and then enters a boiler thermodynamic system, the cooling medium adopted by the low-temperature heat exchanger is low-temperature water outside a boiler thermodynamic system, the low-temperature water returns to other heat users after absorbing heat, air or flue gas enters the air cooling chamber through the high-pressure nozzle, the slag cooler cavity is internally provided with at least one group of inclined planes which are connected in series, the directions of the adjacent inclined planes are opposite, and the slag moves downwards along the inclined planes in the downward flowing process.

Description

Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cooling high-temperature bottom slag of a fluidized bed boiler by water, which is used for cooling bottom slag of the circulating fluidized bed boiler or cooling industrial granular materials and belongs to the technical field of fluidization of the circulating fluidized bed boiler or the field of cooling other granular materials.
Background
The bottom slag discharged by the fluidized bed boiler is solid particles with wide screening (0-30 mm) and high temperature (900 ℃) and belongs to materials which are difficult to operate and control, particularly a large-capacity (or large-slag-quantity) CFB boiler, and no good solution exists at home and abroad. Therefore, the slag cooler belongs to one of the most difficult technical difficulties in the auxiliary system of the fluidized bed boiler. The fluidized bed type slag cooler introduced in China has the problems that the slag bonding, the boiler slag discharge control failure, the cooling heating surface abrasion of the slag cooler and the like cause the slag cooler to fail to achieve the expected cooling effect and the like, and great economic loss is caused to a power plant. Meanwhile, because the mechanical slag coolers such as the water-cooling auger and the water-cooling roller have the problems of poor sealing, poor cooling capacity, large workload of overhauling and maintenance and the like, the sensible heat of the bottom slag cannot be directly recovered by the boiler because the slag cooling equipment in the forms cannot be directly cooled by high-pressure water of the boiler, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is reduced.
At present, a plurality of methods and devices for cooling bottom slag of a circulating fluidized bed are available in the market, the cooling principle of a drum type slag cooler is that the bottom slag of the fluidized bed is introduced into a rotating drum through a pipeline, medium water is arranged on an interlayer of the drum or a heating surface arranged in the drum for cooling, the pressure of the cooling medium water cannot be too high due to the mechanical rotation of the device, the pressure is generally required to be less than 3.5MPa, in addition, the sealing of a slag inlet is very difficult to process due to the existence of a rotating part, and the commercial operation shows that the device frequently leaks water and slag, and the heat of the bottom slag cannot be effectively recovered.
A slag cooler in the form of an air-water combined circulating fluidized bed is designed on the principle that a slag cooler similar to a bubbling bed type is additionally arranged outside a circulating fluidized bed boiler and generally comprises a plurality of chambers separated by weir walls, bottom slag of the fluidized bed boiler is led to a hollow chamber part of the slag cooler through a pipeline, air medium is introduced into the bottom of the circulating fluidized bed type slag cooler through an air distribution plate to fluidize the bottom slag, flowing and conveying of the bottom slag among the chambers are realized, and a serpentine pipe heating surface is arranged in the slag cooler according to cooling requirements. The slag cooler in the form shows that the flow among all chambers of bottom slag is not smooth in operation, the problems of slag blockage and the like are often found, the problems of application in the market at early stage are more, and the slag cooler is gradually eliminated by the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the air-water combined cycle vertical slag cooler which has the advantages of small volume, energy conservation, no slag blockage, wear-resistant heating surface, high heat exchange efficiency and high bottom slag recovery efficiency, and can obviously improve the thermal efficiency of a boiler by recovering waste heat.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a wind-water combined cycle vertical slag cooler, a boiler furnace 10 is communicated with the upper end of a vertical slag cooler cavity 20 through a slag inlet pipe 1 and an air inlet pipeline 12, the upper part in the slag cooler cavity 20 is provided with a high-temperature heat exchanger 5, the lower part is provided with a low-temperature heat exchanger 6, high-temperature bottom slag discharged from the furnace 10 is sequentially contacted with the high-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 6 in the slag cooler cavity 20 for heat exchange, in the high-temperature heat exchanger 5, the adopted cooling medium is high-temperature and high-pressure boiler feed water or boiler water, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium absorbs high-temperature bottom slag and then enters a boiler thermodynamic system, the low temperature heat exchanger 6 adopts low temperature water outside the boiler thermodynamic system as cooling medium, absorbs heat and returns to other heat consumers, the high temperature bottom slag is cooled in a grading way, the high temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low temperature heat exchanger 6 are composed of serpentine pipes supported on the inner wall of the slag container cavity 20, and the heat exchange surfaces are vertical surfaces. The upper end of the snake pipe of the high temperature heat exchanger 5 is connected with a high temperature water outlet, the lower end is connected with a high temperature water inlet, the upper end of the snake pipe of the low temperature heat exchanger 6 is connected with a low temperature water outlet, the lower end of the low temperature heat exchanger 6 is connected with a 1 st low temperature water inlet, a slag discharge pipe 16 is arranged in the air cooling chamber 7, air or smoke enters the air cooling chamber 7 through a high pressure nozzle 15, flows upwards in a slag cooler cavity 20 and exchanges heat with descending slag, finally the air or smoke is introduced into the boiler through a top outlet 11 of the slag cooler cavity 20 through an air inlet pipe 12, at least one group of slopes connected in series are arranged in the slag cooler cavity 20, the directions of adjacent slopes are opposite, and slag moves downwards along the slopes in the downward flowing process.
The wall of the slag cooler cavity 20 adopts a membrane type pipe wall structure consisting of a pipe 25 and steel fins 26, and the pipe 25 is a water cooling pipe and is communicated with a water pipe of a water cooling wall of a boiler.
The top end of the slag cooler cavity 20 is provided with a water distribution pipe communicated with a No. 2 low-temperature water inlet, and the No. 2 low-temperature water flows out from the slag discharge pipe 16 along with slag.
The 1 st inclined plane angle alpha 1 is 30-70 degrees, the 2 nd inclined plane angle alpha 2 is 30-70 degrees, and the 2 nd inclined plane angle is the inner wall of one side of the lower part of the slag cooler cavity 20.
A300-500 mm overhaul channel is arranged between the inner wall of the plane at one side of the slag cooler cavity 20 and the high-temperature heat exchanger 5, the low-temperature heat exchanger 6 and the No. 1 inclined plane, and the channel is also a large slag channel to prevent large slag from blocking slag.
The high temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low temperature heat exchanger 6 are respectively positioned at two sides of the serial inclined plane group.
The inclined planes in series are arranged in parallel groups with a high temperature heat exchanger 5 and a low temperature heat exchanger 6 between the groups.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. bottom slag heat storage at the high-temperature section of the bottom slag is recovered by a boiler water system, bottom slag heat storage at the low-temperature section is recovered by low-temperature water, air or flue gas is introduced to further cool the bottom slag and then enter the boiler, the heat transfer strength between the bottom slag and a heated surface is enhanced in the process of reflowing the air and the flue gas, and the heat at the high-temperature section of the bottom slag is directly recovered by the boiler, so that the graded utilization of the heat of the high-temperature slag is realized, and the utilization rate of energy and the boiler efficiency are improved;
2. according to the cooling requirement of slag, the heating surface cavity is provided with a plurality of back-and-forth inclined surfaces, so that the slag slowly moves downwards in the slag cooler along the height direction, the heat exchange time of particles is prolonged, the moving speed between the slag and the heating surface and the abrasion to the heating surface are reduced, according to our experience, as long as the angle design of the inclined surfaces is reasonable, the downward moving speed can be controlled, so that the abrasion of bottom slag to the heating surface is very slight, the bottom slag immediately exchanges heat with the heating surface after entering the device, the slag temperature is immediately cooled, the risk of coking of the hot slag can be greatly reduced, meanwhile, the device is provided with a 300-500 mm maintenance channel and a large slag channel, and the measures for preventing the large slag from blocking are taken;
3. the lower air cooling system and the upper water cooling slag cooling system are integrally arranged, so that the space is saved;
4. the fine particles and the desulfurizer which is not completely reacted return to the furnace chamber, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the boiler and reducing the consumption of the desulfurizer of the circulating fluidized bed;
5. the vertical arrangement is utilized, the gravity of bottom slag from top to bottom is utilized, the flow speed of the slag is controlled through the flow along the inclined surface, the heat exchange time is prolonged, the heat transfer is enhanced, the slag flows by means of the gravity of the slag, and the pushing of external force is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a slag cooler.
Detailed Description
In the lower part of the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed boiler 10, hot bottom slag enters a cavity 20 of a slag cooler composed of a pipe film through a slag discharge pipeline 1 and a slag inlet 2, and the cavity 20 adopts a film-type pipe wall structure composed of a pipe 25 and fins 26. The membrane type pipe wall is a structure formed by welding a pipe and a steel plate, and the fins are steel plates and are used on boiler structures.
The materials of the tube and the fin are determined according to the temperature of the materials in the cold area and the calculation of the temperature and the strength: carbon steel material, low alloy steel material or stainless steel material with higher heat-resisting temperature, etc.;
the cavity 20 is internally provided with a high-temperature heat exchanger 5 and a low-temperature heat exchanger 6 which are formed by serpentine pipes, and the heat exchange surfaces of the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat exchanger are vertical surfaces. Both the high temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low temperature heat exchanger 6 rest on the membrane wall cavity 20 wall.
The fuel and the bed material forming the circulating fluidized bed finish burning in the hearth of the boiler 10, the bottom slag of the fuel enters the cavity 20 of the slag cooler through the slag discharge pipe 1, the hot slag moves along the inclined plane 8 formed by the cavity 20 and then turns and moves downwards along the inclined plane of the cavity 20, and the slag exchanges heat with the cavity 20, the high-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 6 in the process of flowing downwards along the inclined plane.
The process of moving the hot slag from top to bottom is respectively carried out heat exchange with the high-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 6, the high-temperature heat exchanger 5 is arranged in a high-temperature section of the hot slag, the adopted cooling medium water is high-temperature (high-pressure) media such as boiler feed water or boiler water and the like, the high-temperature bottom slag is absorbed and then enters a boiler thermodynamic system, and the cooling medium adopted by the low-temperature heat exchanger 6 is low-temperature water outside the boiler thermodynamic system and returns to other heat users after the heat is absorbed.
The invention has the advantages of energy saving, mainly utilizes a high-temperature and high-pressure medium (in a thermodynamic system of a power plant, such as high-pressure feed water of a boiler) to cool high-temperature slag, absorbs heat and returns to the high-pressure thermodynamic system, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the high-temperature and high-pressure water has high energy quality, the low-temperature section of the bottom slag mainly adopts low-temperature and low-pressure water (such as condensed water in the thermodynamic system of the power plant), and the absorbed heat returns to a condensing system to realize the graded utilization of energy.
The slag after heat exchange with the high-temperature heat exchanger 5 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 6 enters the bottom cooling chamber 7, air or flue gas enters the cooling chamber 7 through the nozzle 15, the air exchanges heat with the slag in the cooling chamber 7, the air and the slag flow in the device at the same time to strengthen the heat exchange between the slag and a heated surface, and finally the air or the flue gas is introduced into the boiler through the pipeline 12 from the top outlet 11 of the device.
Slag exits the system through a bottom slag discharge pipe 16.

Claims (7)

1. The air-water combined cycle vertical slag cooler is characterized in that a boiler hearth (10) is communicated with the upper end of a vertical slag cooler cavity (20) through a slag inlet pipe (1) and an air inlet pipeline (12), a high-temperature heat exchanger (5) is arranged at the upper part in the slag cooler cavity (20), a low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is arranged at the lower part, high-temperature bottom slag discharged from the boiler hearth (10) is sequentially contacted with the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat exchanger in the slag cooler cavity for heat exchange, a cooling medium adopted by the high-temperature heat exchanger (5) is high-temperature and high-pressure boiler feed water or furnace water, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium absorbs the high-temperature bottom slag and then enters a boiler thermodynamic system, a cooling medium adopted by the low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is low-temperature water outside the boiler thermodynamic system, the low-temperature water returns to other heat users after absorbing heat, the high-temperature bottom slag is cooled in a grading way, the heat exchange surface is a vertical surface, the upper end of a snake pipe of a high-temperature heat exchanger (5) is connected with a high-temperature water outlet, the lower end of the snake pipe of the low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is connected with a high-temperature water inlet, the upper end of the snake pipe of the low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is connected with a low-temperature water outlet, the lower end of the snake pipe of the low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is connected with a 1 st low-temperature water inlet, the lower end of the low-temperature heat exchanger (6) is connected with an air cooling chamber (7), a slag discharge pipe (16) is arranged in the air cooling chamber (7), air or smoke enters the air cooling chamber through a high-pressure nozzle (15), the air or smoke flows upwards in a slag cooler cavity and exchanges heat with descending high-temperature bottom slag, finally, the air or the smoke is introduced into a boiler furnace through an air inlet pipe.
2. The vertical slag cooler of claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the slag cooler cavity (20) is a membrane tube wall structure formed by tubes (25) and steel fins (26), and the tubes are water-cooling tubes communicated with water tubes of the water-cooling wall of the boiler.
3. The vertical slag cooler of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the top of the slag cooler cavity (20) is provided with a water distribution pipe communicated with the 2 nd low-temperature water inlet, and the 2 nd low-temperature water flows out from the slag discharge pipe (16) along with the slag.
4. The vertical slag cooler of claim 1, wherein the 1 st bevel angle α 1 is 30-70 degrees, the 2 nd bevel angle α 2 is 30-70 degrees, and the 2 nd bevel angle is one side of the inner wall of the lower portion of the slag cooler cavity.
5. The vertical slag cooler of claim 1, wherein a 300-500 mm maintenance channel is arranged between the inner wall of the slag cooler cavity (20) and the high-temperature heat exchanger, the low-temperature heat exchanger and the inclined plane, and the channel is also a large slag channel to prevent the slag from being blocked by the large slag.
6. The vertical slag cooler of claim 1, wherein the high-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat exchanger are respectively arranged on two sides of the inclined plane connected in series.
7. The vertical slag cooler of claim 6, wherein the series inclined planes are connected in parallel, and a high-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature heat exchanger are arranged between the groups.
CN201910914990.2A 2019-09-26 2019-09-26 Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler Pending CN110631009A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114017770A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Multi-medium slag cooler for circulating fluidized bed boiler

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2087765U (en) * 1991-01-04 1991-10-30 哈尔滨市工业大学 Air and water double-cooled type slag-cooling device
US20080199821A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2008-08-21 Outokumpu Technology Oy Method And Apparatus For Cooling A Material To Be Removed From The Grate Of A Fluidized Bed Furnace
CN101598334A (en) * 2009-06-30 2009-12-09 上海锅炉厂有限公司 Bottom slag cooling method of circulating fluidized bed
CN201462819U (en) * 2009-07-24 2010-05-12 李志刚 Slag cooler of circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN202993186U (en) * 2012-11-03 2013-06-12 沈阳科翔电力环保设备有限公司 Air water slag cooler of large circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN104048303A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-17 华北电力大学 Wind and water combined type multi-level cooling slag cooler
CN109268822A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-25 贵州新能源开发投资股份有限公司 A kind of cold slag structure of static state of the regular deslagging of small-sized fluidized bed boiler
CN211011342U (en) * 2019-09-26 2020-07-14 峨眉山市湘腾机械厂 Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler
CN114017770A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Multi-medium slag cooler for circulating fluidized bed boiler

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2087765U (en) * 1991-01-04 1991-10-30 哈尔滨市工业大学 Air and water double-cooled type slag-cooling device
US20080199821A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2008-08-21 Outokumpu Technology Oy Method And Apparatus For Cooling A Material To Be Removed From The Grate Of A Fluidized Bed Furnace
CN101598334A (en) * 2009-06-30 2009-12-09 上海锅炉厂有限公司 Bottom slag cooling method of circulating fluidized bed
CN201462819U (en) * 2009-07-24 2010-05-12 李志刚 Slag cooler of circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN202993186U (en) * 2012-11-03 2013-06-12 沈阳科翔电力环保设备有限公司 Air water slag cooler of large circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN104048303A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-17 华北电力大学 Wind and water combined type multi-level cooling slag cooler
CN109268822A (en) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-25 贵州新能源开发投资股份有限公司 A kind of cold slag structure of static state of the regular deslagging of small-sized fluidized bed boiler
CN211011342U (en) * 2019-09-26 2020-07-14 峨眉山市湘腾机械厂 Wind-water combined circulation vertical slag cooler
CN114017770A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Multi-medium slag cooler for circulating fluidized bed boiler

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114017770A (en) * 2021-11-09 2022-02-08 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Multi-medium slag cooler for circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN114017770B (en) * 2021-11-09 2023-12-05 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Multi-medium slag cooler for circulating fluidized bed boiler

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Effective date of registration: 20200825

Address after: 266300, No. 28, Liuzhou Road, Jiaozhou, Shandong, Qingdao

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