CN110629736A - Dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on ecological ditch technology and application thereof - Google Patents
Dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on ecological ditch technology and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110629736A CN110629736A CN201910828949.3A CN201910828949A CN110629736A CN 110629736 A CN110629736 A CN 110629736A CN 201910828949 A CN201910828949 A CN 201910828949A CN 110629736 A CN110629736 A CN 110629736A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
- E02B13/02—Closures for irrigation conduits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/06—Barriers therefor construed for applying processing agents or for collecting pollutants, e.g. absorbent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
- E02B15/0835—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material fixed to permanent structure, e.g. harbour wall or river bank
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen and phosphorus interception system for a dry farmland based on an ecological ditch technology, which comprises an ecological ditch, a buffering weir plate and an interception component, wherein the ecological ditch comprises a ditch wall and a ditch bottom, the ditch wall is clamped on the ditch bottom, the buffering weir plate is obliquely arranged on the ditch wall, the interception component comprises an interception grating, an adsorption block, a biological floating plate, an ecological filter wall and an adjusting gate plate, and the interception grating, the adsorption block, the biological floating plate, the ecological filter wall and the adjusting gate plate are sequentially arranged on the ditch bottom along the water flow direction; the system has reasonable structural design and stable and reliable system, improves the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland sewage, reduces the influence of the farmland sewage on the river water environment, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water environment treatment, in particular to a dry farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on an ecological ditch technology and application thereof.
Background
The ecological ditch is a farmland ditch ecological system which has a certain width and depth, consists of water, soil and organisms, has a unique structure and exerts corresponding ecological functions, and is also called as a farmland ditch wetland ecological system. The ecological ditch can reduce water and soil loss and reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water by a series of actions of silt interception, soil adsorption, plant absorption, biodegradation and the like. The ecological interception type ditch system consisting of engineering and plants can slow down the water speed, promote the precipitation of particles carried by running water, absorb and intercept nutrients overflowing from ditch walls, water bodies and ditch bottoms, and meanwhile, the existence of aquatic plants can accelerate the exchange and transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus interfaces, so that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage is quickly reduced, and a good purification effect is achieved; the aquatic plants in the ditch have good absorption capacity on nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage, and the aquatic plants can be harvested by farmers, so that the problem of secondary pollution is solved; flexible construction, no power consumption and low operation cost. The service function of the drainage ditch of the dry farmland has the particularity, the requirement on drainage efficiency is high, and the cross section size of the drainage ditch matched with the dry farmland is generally large.
The existing dry farming farmland full concrete ditch has high engineering cost and poor pollutant interception effect, and the traditional soil ditch has good purification effect, but is easily influenced by horizontal and longitudinal hydraulic scouring, so that the problems of ditch wall collapse, ditch bottom sludge deposition and the like are easily caused, and the system stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the nitrogen and phosphorus interception system for the dry farming farmland based on the ecological ditch technology, which is safe and stable and has high nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on an ecological ditch technology comprises an ecological ditch, buffer weir plates and interception components, wherein the ecological ditch comprises two ditch walls and a ditch bottom, the two ditch walls are clamped on the ditch bottom, and the two ditch walls and the ditch bottom form an inverted trapezoidal structure; the buffer weir plates are arranged in two numbers, the two buffer weir plates are respectively obliquely arranged on two channel walls, a retaining wall is horizontally arranged on the buffer weir plates, and a flow passage is arranged on the retaining wall; the interception component comprises an interception grid, an adsorption block, a biological floating plate, an ecological filter wall and an adjusting gate plate, wherein the interception grid, the adsorption block, the biological floating plate, the ecological filter wall and the adjusting gate plate are sequentially arranged on the bottom of a canal along the water flow direction, the adsorption block is of a hollow cubic structure, a water through hole is formed in the adsorption block, a submerged plant planting groove is formed in the upper end of the adsorption block, a carbon adsorbent is arranged in an internal cavity of the adsorption block, the biological floating plate is hollow, a standing water plant planting groove is formed in the upper end of the biological floating plate, a fiber screen is arranged at the bottom of the biological floating plate, microbial fillers are arranged in the internal cavity of the biological floating plate, the microbial fillers are communicated with external farmland runoff through the fiber screen, the ecological filter wall is hollow, a plurality of filter micropores are formed in the ecological filter wall, the adjusting gate plate comprises a gate seat and an adjusting plate, the gate, an adjusting screw rod is arranged at the joint of the adjusting plate and the brake base.
Further, buffering weir plate bottom is provided with the precipitation tank, and the precipitation grid is inside to be provided with of precipitation tank, through setting up the precipitation tank and depositing the preliminary interception of grid and follow the mud that the rainwater erodees down on the buffering weir plate, avoids earth to block up follow-up processing unit, has improved the reliability of system.
Further, the barricade is provided with threely, and the passageway that overflows on the three barricade staggers each other from top to bottom, is provided with cash crop between two adjacent barricades and plants the groove, through setting up the barricade, has slowed down the velocity of flow of farmland sewage greatly for impurity in the farmland sewage can effectively deposit.
Further, the adsorption block is provided with two, crosses the water hole setting at the front end and the rear end of adsorption block, and the height that highly is less than the height that is located the water hole of crossing of adsorption block rear end of the water hole of crossing that is located the adsorption block front end that sets up two adsorption blocks greatly increased the adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbent to nitrogen phosphorus pollutant, through setting up the highly different water hole of crossing at the adsorption block, increased the dwell time of sewage in the adsorption block, improve adsorption effect.
Further, ecological filter wall includes that first filter wall and second filter wall, be provided with the modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler of polytetrafluoroethylene in the inside cavity of first filter wall, be provided with the modified clinoptilolite in the inside cavity of second filter wall and unite biological carbon adsorption filler, because the nature of nitrogen phosphorus pollutant is different, through the nitrogen matter of modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler adsorption aquatic of polytetrafluoroethylene, through the phosphorus matter of modified clinoptilolite unite biological carbon adsorption filler adsorption water, improve the clearance of aquatic nitrogen, phosphorus.
Further, the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler comprises the following steps: 1. preparing magnetic hydrotalcite powder into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 18%, heating the aqueous solution in a water bath at 82 ℃, and stirring the aqueous solution for 80 minutes at the rotating speed of 3600 revolutions per minute; 2. adding a modifier and activated polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder into the dispersed magnetic hydrotalcite suspension, wherein the addition amount of the modifier is 16% of the content of the aqueous solution, the addition amount of the activated polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder is 20% of the content of the aqueous solution, then heating the mixture in a water bath at 90 ℃, stirring the mixture for 60 minutes, and rotating speed is 4200 revolutions per minute; 3. cooling to room temperature to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler;
further, the preparation method of the modified clinoptilolite combined biochar adsorption filler comprises the following steps: 1. cleaning, crushing, screening and grinding natural clinoptilolite, sieving with a 1800-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder zeolite with the particle size of 15 mu m, and performing high-temperature treatment to obtain modified clinoptilolite fine powder; 2. washing the biochar with water to remove dust and silt, controlling the water content to be 8%, and adding a 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution for microwave treatment for 15 minutes; 3. and (3) coating the modified clinoptilolite fine powder on the charcoal obtained in the step (2) to obtain the modified clinoptilolite combined charcoal adsorption filler.
Furthermore, the lower end of the buffering weir plate is provided with the fixing anchor, the system is firmly fixed in the farmland through the fixing anchor, damage to the system caused by factors such as natural disasters is avoided, and the stability of the system is improved.
Further, the application of the nitrogen and phosphorus interception system of the dry farmland based on the ecological ditch technology in the aspect of farmland non-point source pollution.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when in use, the channel bottom, the channel wall and the buffer weir plate are spliced and fixed on the original farmland drainage channel or the channel is dug again for laying; then sequentially arranging an interception grid, an adsorption block, a biological floating plate, a first filter wall, a second filter wall and an adjusting flashboard along the water flow direction; planting cash crops on the cash crop planting groove, placing a carbon adsorbent in an inner cavity of the adsorption plant, and planting diving plants on the diving plant planting groove; placing microbial fillers in a cavity in the biological floating plate, and planting emergent aquatic plants in the emergent aquatic plant planting grooves; the filter wall is arranged in the first filter wall, and the second filter wall is arranged in the second filter wall; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the wastewater in the farmland is decelerated under the action of a retaining wall, when the wastewater passes through a precipitation grid on a precipitation tank, precipitation is formed inside the precipitation grid, the precipitated wastewater flows into the bottom of a channel, an interception grid intercepts large-particle impurities such as branches and dead leaves of the wastewater, a carbon adsorbent inside an adsorption block adsorbs nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the wastewater, and the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed and degraded by the submerged plants as nutrient substances of the submerged plants; the microbial filler in the biological floating plate decomposes organic pollutants in sewage, the polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler in the first filter wall adsorbs nitrogen substances in the sewage, the modified clinoptilolite combined with the biochar adsorption filler in the second filter wall adsorbs phosphorus substances in the sewage, and the water flow in the ecological ditch is adjusted by adjusting the flashboard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the system is reasonable in structural design, and suspended pollutants in farmland drainage are effectively intercepted by arranging the intercepting grid at the water inlet end of the system, so that the suspended pollutants are prevented from blocking a subsequent treatment unit, and the stability of the system is improved; by arranging the adsorption blocks, the biological floating plates and the ecological filter walls, nitrogen and phosphorus substances in farmland drainage are intercepted and adsorbed for multiple times; nitrogen and phosphorus substances in farmland drainage are thoroughly removed. The pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus substances to water resources such as rivers and the like is avoided; the ecological ditch and the buffer weir plate are of an assembly type structure, the maintenance and management cost of the system is low, meanwhile, the structure is stable, the hydraulic erosion caused by heavy rainfall and drainage in the ditch can be effectively resisted, and the safety of the system is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the buffer weir plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the adsorption block of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the adsorption block of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a biological floating plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection between the damper and the ecological canal according to the present invention;
wherein, 1-ecological ditch, 10-ditch wall, 11-ditch bottom, 2-buffer weir plate, 20-retaining wall, 200-overflowing channel, 201-cash crop planting groove, 21-settling tank, 22-settling grid, 23-anchor bolt, 3-interception component, 30-interception grid, 31-adsorption block, 310-water passing hole, 311-submerged plant planting groove, 312-carbon adsorbent, 32-biological floating plate, 320-emergent aquatic plant planting groove, 321-fiber screen, 322-microbial filler, 33-ecological filter wall, 330-first filter wall, 3300-poly tetrachloroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler, 331-second filter wall, 3310-modified clinoptilolite combined biochar adsorption filler, 34-regulating damper, 340-brake seat, 341-adjusting plate and 342-adjusting screw rod.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the nitrogen and phosphorus interception system for dry farmland based on ecological ditch technology comprises an ecological ditch 1, a buffer weir plate 2 and an interception component 3, wherein the ecological ditch 1 comprises two ditch walls 10 and a ditch bottom 11, the two ditch walls 10 are clamped on the ditch bottom 11, and the two ditch walls 10 and the ditch bottom 11 form an inverted trapezoidal structure;
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, two buffering weir plates 2 are arranged, the two buffering weir plates 2 are respectively obliquely arranged on two canal walls 10, retaining walls 20 are horizontally arranged on the buffering weir plates 2, overflowing channels 200 are arranged on the retaining walls 20, the three retaining walls 20 are arranged, the overflowing channels 200 on the three retaining walls 20 are staggered from top to bottom, economic crop planting grooves 201 are arranged between the two adjacent retaining walls 20, and by arranging the retaining walls 20, the flow rate of farmland sewage is greatly reduced, so that impurities in the farmland sewage can be effectively precipitated; the bottom of the buffer weir plate 2 is provided with a settling tank 21, a settling grid 22 is arranged in the settling tank 21, and the settling tank 21 and the settling grid 22 are arranged to primarily intercept the soil on the buffer weir plate 2, which is washed by rainwater, so that the soil is prevented from blocking a subsequent processing unit, and the reliability of the system is improved; the fixing anchors 23 are arranged at the lower end of the buffering weir plate 2, and the system is firmly fixed in the farmland through the fixing anchors 23, so that the system is prevented from being damaged by natural disasters and other factors, and the stability of the system is improved;
as shown in fig. 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the intercepting component 3 includes an intercepting grid 30, an adsorption block 31, a biological floating plate 32, an ecological filter wall 33 and an adjusting gate 34, the intercepting grid 30, the adsorption block 31, the biological floating plate 32, the ecological filter wall 33 and the adjusting gate 34 are sequentially arranged on the channel bottom 11 along the water flow direction, the adsorption block 31 is a hollow cubic structure, the adsorption block 31 is provided with water through holes 310, the upper end of the adsorption block 31 is provided with a submerged plant planting groove 311, a cavity inside the adsorption block 31 is provided with a carbon adsorbent 312, the adsorption block 31 is provided with two adsorption blocks 31, the water through holes 310 are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the adsorption block 31, the height of the water through hole 310 at the front end of the adsorption block 31 is lower than that of the water through hole 310 at the rear end of the adsorption block 31, the two adsorption blocks 31 greatly increase the adsorption amount of the carbon adsorbent 312 for adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, the water through holes 310 with different heights are arranged in the, the retention time of the sewage in the adsorption block 31 is increased, and the adsorption effect is improved; the biological floating plate 32 is hollow, an emergent aquatic plant planting groove 320 is arranged at the upper end of the biological floating plate 32, a fiber screen 321 is arranged at the bottom of the biological floating plate 32, a microbial filler 322 is arranged in the cavity in the biological floating plate 32, and the microbial filler 322 is communicated with external farmland runoff through the fiber screen 321; the ecological filter wall 33 is hollow, a plurality of filter micropores are formed in the ecological filter wall 33, the adjusting gate plate 34 comprises a gate seat 340 and an adjusting plate 341, the gate seat 340 is fixedly arranged on the canal bottom 11, the adjusting plate 341 is inserted in the gate seat 340, and an adjusting screw 342 is arranged at the connection position of the adjusting plate 341 and the gate seat 340;
the application of the dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology in the aspect of farmland non-point source pollution.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the nitrogen and phosphorus interception system for dry farmland based on ecological ditch technology comprises an ecological ditch 1, a buffer weir plate 2 and an interception component 3, wherein the ecological ditch 1 comprises two ditch walls 10 and a ditch bottom 11, the two ditch walls 10 are clamped on the ditch bottom 11, and the two ditch walls 10 and the ditch bottom 11 form an inverted trapezoidal structure;
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, two buffering weir plates 2 are arranged, the two buffering weir plates 2 are respectively obliquely arranged on two canal walls 10, retaining walls 20 are horizontally arranged on the buffering weir plates 2, overflowing channels 200 are arranged on the retaining walls 20, the three retaining walls 20 are arranged, the overflowing channels 200 on the three retaining walls 20 are staggered from top to bottom, economic crop planting grooves 201 are arranged between the two adjacent retaining walls 20, and by arranging the retaining walls 20, the flow rate of farmland sewage is greatly reduced, so that impurities in the farmland sewage can be effectively precipitated; the bottom of the buffer weir plate 2 is provided with a settling tank 21, a settling grid 22 is arranged in the settling tank 21, and the settling tank 21 and the settling grid 22 are arranged to primarily intercept the soil on the buffer weir plate 2, which is washed by rainwater, so that the soil is prevented from blocking a subsequent processing unit, and the reliability of the system is improved; the fixing anchors 23 are arranged at the lower end of the buffering weir plate 2, and the system is firmly fixed in the farmland through the fixing anchors 23, so that the system is prevented from being damaged by natural disasters and other factors, and the stability of the system is improved;
as shown in fig. 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the intercepting component 3 includes an intercepting grid 30, an adsorption block 31, a biological floating plate 32, an ecological filter wall 33 and an adjusting gate 34, the intercepting grid 30, the adsorption block 31, the biological floating plate 32, the ecological filter wall 33 and the adjusting gate 34 are sequentially arranged on the channel bottom 11 along the water flow direction, the adsorption block 31 is a hollow cubic structure, the adsorption block 31 is provided with water through holes 310, the upper end of the adsorption block 31 is provided with a submerged plant planting groove 311, a cavity inside the adsorption block 31 is provided with a carbon adsorbent 312, the adsorption block 31 is provided with two adsorption blocks 31, the water through holes 310 are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the adsorption block 31, the height of the water through hole 310 at the front end of the adsorption block 31 is lower than that of the water through hole 310 at the rear end of the adsorption block 31, the two adsorption blocks 31 greatly increase the adsorption amount of the carbon adsorbent 312 for adsorbing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, the water through holes 310 with different heights are arranged in the, the retention time of the sewage in the adsorption block 31 is increased, and the adsorption effect is improved; the biological floating plate 32 is hollow, an emergent aquatic plant planting groove 320 is arranged at the upper end of the biological floating plate 32, a fiber screen 321 is arranged at the bottom of the biological floating plate 32, a microbial filler 322 is arranged in the cavity in the biological floating plate 32, and the microbial filler 322 is communicated with external farmland runoff through the fiber screen 321; the ecological filter wall 33 is hollow inside, a plurality of filter micropores are arranged on the ecological filter wall 33, the ecological filter wall 33 comprises a first filter wall 330 and a second filter wall 331, a polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler 3300 is arranged in the cavity inside the first filter wall 330, and the preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler 3300 is as follows: 1. preparing magnetic hydrotalcite powder into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 18%, heating the aqueous solution in a water bath at 82 ℃, and stirring the aqueous solution for 80 minutes at the rotating speed of 3600 revolutions per minute; 2. adding a modifier and activated polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder into the dispersed magnetic hydrotalcite suspension, wherein the addition amount of the modifier is 16% of the content of the aqueous solution, the addition amount of the activated polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder is 20% of the content of the aqueous solution, then heating the mixture in a water bath at 90 ℃, stirring the mixture for 60 minutes, and rotating speed is 4200 revolutions per minute; 3. cooling to room temperature to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler 3300; the cavity inside the second filter wall 331 is provided with a modified clinoptilolite combined biochar adsorption filler 3310, and the preparation method of the modified clinoptilolite combined biochar adsorption filler 3310 comprises the following steps: 1. cleaning, crushing, screening and grinding natural clinoptilolite, sieving with a 1800-mesh sieve to obtain fine powder zeolite with the particle size of 15 mu m, and performing high-temperature treatment to obtain modified clinoptilolite fine powder; 2. washing the biochar with water to remove dust and silt, controlling the water content to be 8%, and adding a 2% sodium chloride aqueous solution for microwave treatment for 15 minutes; 3. coating the modified clinoptilolite fine powder on the charcoal obtained in the step 2 to obtain a modified clinoptilolite combined charcoal adsorption filler 3310; due to different properties of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, nitrogen substances in water are adsorbed by the polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler 3300, and phosphorus substances in water are adsorbed by the modified clinoptilolite combined with the biochar adsorption filler 3310, so that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in water is improved;
the adjusting gate 34 comprises a gate seat 340 and an adjusting plate 341, the gate seat 340 is fixedly arranged on the trench bottom 11, the adjusting plate 341 is inserted on the gate seat 340, and an adjusting screw 342 is arranged at the connection part of the adjusting plate 341 and the gate seat 340;
the application of the dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology in the aspect of farmland non-point source pollution.
When in use, the channel bottom 11, the channel wall 10 and the buffer weir plate 2 are spliced and fixed on the original farmland drainage channel or the channel is dug again for laying; then, the interception grille 30, the adsorption block 31, the biological floating plate 32, the first filter wall 330, the second filter wall 331 and the adjusting gate plate 34 are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; planting cash crops on the cash crop planting tank 201, placing a carbon adsorbent 312 in a cavity inside the adsorption block 31, and planting diving plants on the diving plant planting tank 311; placing microbial fillers 322 in the inner cavity of the biological floating plate 32, and planting emergent aquatic plants in the emergent aquatic plant planting grooves 320; 3300 is placed inside the first filter wall 330, 3310 is placed inside the second filter wall 331; the wastewater in the farmland is firstly decelerated under the action of the retaining wall 20, when the wastewater passes through the precipitation grids 22 on the precipitation tank 21, precipitates are formed in the precipitation grids 22, the precipitated wastewater flows into the canal bottom 11, the interception grids 30 intercept large-particle impurities such as branches and dead leaves of the wastewater, the carbon adsorbents 312 in the adsorption blocks 31 adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the wastewater, and the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed and degraded by the submerged plants as nutrient substances of the submerged plants; the microbial filler 322 in the biological floating plate 32 decomposes organic pollutants in sewage, nitrogen substances in water are adsorbed by the poly-tetrachloroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler 3300 in the first filter wall 330, phosphorus substances in water are adsorbed by the modified clinoptilolite combined with the biochar adsorption filler 3310 in the second filter wall 331, and the water flow in the ecological ditch 1 is adjusted by adjusting the gate plate 34.
Application example:
in 2017, in 5 months, the device is applied to ecological management of certain dry farming farmland in the north of China, and the planting area of the farmland is 100 mu. Before the farmland is not treated, the total nitrogen concentration in farmland drainage is 7.72 mgL-1, the total phosphorus concentration is 2.18mgL-1, and the farmland non-point source pollution problem is increasingly serious; by adopting the method to treat farmland drainage, the quality of the farmland total drainage water is obviously improved after two-year effective operation and maintenance, the total nitrogen concentration in the farmland drainage water in 5 months in 2019 is reduced to 3.18mgL < -1 >, the total phosphorus concentration is reduced to 1.52mgL < -1 >, the nitrogen removal rate reaches 59.1%, and the phosphorus removal rate reaches 30.3%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology is characterized by comprising an ecological ditch (1), a buffering weir plate (2) and an interception component (3), wherein the ecological ditch (1) comprises two ditch walls (10) and a ditch bottom (11), the two ditch walls (10) are clamped on the ditch bottom (11), and the two ditch walls (10) and the ditch bottom (11) form an inverted trapezoidal structure; the two buffer weir plates (2) are arranged, the two buffer weir plates (2) are respectively obliquely arranged on the two canal walls (10), a retaining wall (20) is horizontally arranged on the buffer weir plates (2), and a flow passage (200) is arranged on the retaining wall (20); the intercepting component (3) comprises an intercepting grid (30), an adsorption block (31), a biological floating plate (32), an ecological filter wall (33) and an adjusting gate plate (34), the intercepting grid (30), the adsorption block (31), the biological floating plate (32), the ecological filter wall (33) and the adjusting gate plate (34) are sequentially arranged on the channel bottom (11) along the water flow direction, the adsorption block (31) is of a hollow cubic structure, water through holes (310) are formed in the adsorption block (31), a submerged plant planting groove (311) is formed in the upper end of the adsorption block (31), a carbon adsorbent (312) is arranged in a cavity in the adsorption block (31), the biological floating plate (32) is hollow, an emergent aquatic plant planting groove (320) is formed in the upper end of the biological floating plate (32), a fiber screen (321) is arranged at the bottom of the biological floating plate (32), and a microbial filler (322) is arranged in the cavity in the biological floating plate (32), microorganism filler (322) are through fiber mesh (321) and outside farmland runoff switch-on, the inside cavity of ecological filter wall (33), ecological filter wall (33) are last to be provided with a plurality of filtration micropores, adjust flashboard (34) including floodgate seat (340) and regulating plate (341), floodgate seat (340) are fixed to be set up on the end of a canal (11), regulating plate (341) are pegged graft on floodgate seat (340), and regulating plate (341) and floodgate seat (340) junction are provided with regulation lead screw (342).
2. The nitrogen and phosphorus intercepting system for the dry farmland based on the ecological ditch technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retaining walls (20) are provided with three, the overflowing channels (200) on the three retaining walls (20) are staggered from top to bottom, and a cash crop planting groove (201) is arranged between two adjacent retaining walls (20).
3. The nitrogen and phosphorus intercepting system for the dry farmland based on the ecological ditch technology is characterized in that the number of the adsorption blocks (31) is two, the water passing holes (310) are formed in the front end and the rear end of the adsorption blocks (31), and the height of the water passing holes (310) in the front end of the adsorption blocks (31) is lower than that of the water passing holes (310) in the rear end of the adsorption blocks (31).
4. The dry farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology is characterized in that the ecological filter wall (33) comprises a first filter wall (330) and a second filter wall (331), wherein a polytetrafluoroethylene modified hydrotalcite magnetic adsorption filler (3300) is arranged in a cavity inside the first filter wall (330), and a modified clinoptilolite combined biochar adsorption filler (3310) is arranged in a cavity inside the second filter wall (331).
5. The dry farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology is characterized in that the lower end of the buffer weir plate (2) is provided with a fixing anchor nail (23).
6. The dry farming farmland nitrogen and phosphorus interception system based on the ecological ditch technology according to any one of claims 1-5, is applied to farmland non-point source pollution.
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| CN111305143A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-19 | 华北水利水电大学 | High-performance farmland irrigation renovation device and use method thereof |
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