CN110627479B - Method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag - Google Patents
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag. Which comprises the following steps: preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-90 parts of nickel-iron slag, 5-20 parts of perlite tailings, 0-10 parts of bentonite, 0-5 parts of kaolin, 0-5 parts of calcite, 0.5-1 part of foaming agent and 1-2 parts of ceramic dispergator (for wet grinding); mixing the above materials, ball milling, dry milling or wet milling to below 200 mesh, drying, molding, placing the grinding tool in a kiln or an electric furnace for high temperature roasting at a heating rate of 3-10 deg.C/min and a foaming temperature of 1120-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag.
Background
With the continuous increase of the market demand of the ferronickel alloy, the scale of the ferronickel alloy produced by the pyrometallurgy of the laterite-nickel ore is gradually enlarged, and the discharge amount of the ferronickel waste slag produced by the smelting of the nickel ore is gradually increased. Compared with other ferroalloy slag, the ferronickel slag has low valuable metal recovery value and the largest slag discharge amount, and becomes a big problem of ferroalloy slag treatment gradually. The laterite-nickel slag is mostly produced from humus soil type laterite in the process of reducing and smelting ferronickel in an electric furnace, the raw materials and the production process are basically the same, so that the components of the electric furnace ferronickel smelting slag produced by different manufacturers are basically the same, and the main components of the electric furnace ferronickel smelting slag are FeO, MgO and SiO 2 The minor component being Al 2 O 3 CaO, and the like. The foamed ceramic as a novel environment-friendly material has a very wide market space in the world. By virtue of the superior performances of light weight, thin body, heat insulation, sound insulation, earthquake resistance, moisture and fire prevention, high strength, good cold and hot stability and the like, the heat-insulation board can be applied to the aspects of external wall heat insulation, building internal baffles, fire-proof isolation strips and the like. The ferronickel slag is taken as a main raw material to be introduced into the reactorIn the production process of the foamed ceramic, the method is an important breakthrough of silicon-magnesium-iron foamed ceramic and the traditional silicon-calcium foamed ceramic, the addition of magnesium and iron can reduce the sintering temperature of the foamed ceramic, the cost is greatly reduced, and the ferronickel slag foamed ceramic obtains lower volume weight and standard compressive strength through a silicate glass net structure and a foamed pore structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water quenching ferronickel slag, wherein the nickel slag is an important breakthrough of silicon-magnesium-iron foamed ceramic and the traditional silicon-calcium foamed ceramic, the sintering temperature of the foamed ceramic can be reduced by adding magnesium and iron, the cost is greatly reduced, and the ferronickel slag foamed ceramic obtains lower volume weight and standard compressive strength through a silicate glass net structure and a foamed pore structure. The compressive strength after foaming is more than 2MPa, and the volume weight is 300- 3 ) The technical scheme adopted by the method is as follows:
a method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water quenching ferronickel slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-90 parts of nickel-iron slag, 5-20 parts of perlite tailings, 0-10 parts of bentonite, 0-5 parts of kaolin, 0-5 parts of calcite and 0.5-1 part of foaming agent;
mixing the prepared materials, ball-milling uniformly, dry-milling or wet-milling to below 200 meshes, drying, die-filling and forming, placing the grinding tool into a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, wherein the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the foaming temperature is 1130-5 ℃, and after heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1.5 hours, a cooling annealing process is carried out to prepare the foamed ceramic; when in wet grinding, the prepared material also comprises 1-2 parts of a ceramic dispergator.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the ferronickel slag comprises the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 40-55 parts of Al 2 O 3 4-10 parts of MgO 25-35 parts of Fe 2 O 3 7-15 parts of CaO, 1-5 parts of K 2 0 to 1 portion of O, Na 2 0-1 part of O, and 1-2 parts of other nickel-iron slag in the loss on ignition range.
In the above-mentioned technologyOn the basis of the scheme, the perlite tailings are prepared from the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 70-75 parts of Al 2 O 3 10-14 parts, K 2 O2-6 parts, MgO 0-1 part, Na 2 1-4 parts of O, Fe 2 O 3 0-1 part of perlite tailings, 0-1 part of CaO, and 8-12 parts of loss on ignition.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the bentonite is prepared from the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 68-72 parts of Al 2 O 3 13-17 parts, K 2 1-4 parts of O, 1-3 parts of MgO and Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 1-3 parts of CaO, 1-3 parts of bentonite, and the loss on ignition and the other 7-11 parts of bentonite.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the kaolin adopts the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 68-72 parts of Al 2 O 3 13-17 parts, K 2 O2-6 parts, MgO 0-1 part, Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 1-3 parts of CaO, 0-1 part of CaO, and 8-12 parts of other kaolin.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the calcite is prepared from the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 0-1 part of MgO, 0-1 part of Al 2 O 3 0 to 1 part, K 2 0 to 1 portion of O, Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 0-1 part of calcium carbonate, 50-60 parts of CaO, and 40-50 parts of other calcite.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the foaming agent is silicon carbide powder.
A foamed ceramic, characterized by: which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: can consume a large amount of nickel-iron slag, utilizes resources, reduces sintering temperature and energy cost, reduces the doping amount of foaming agent due to the deoxidation effect of manganese element, greatly reduces production cost, utilizes the glass network structure of aluminosilicate, has the compressive strength of more than 2MPa after foaming, and has the volume weight of 300-500 (kg/m) 3 )。
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
the method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water quenching nickel iron slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of nickel-iron slag, 20 parts of perlite tailings, 10 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of calcite and 1 part of foaming agent;
weighing the components (raw materials) respectively according to a proportion, crushing large raw materials, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials to below 200 meshes, placing a grinding tool into a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, controlling the heating rate to be 3-10 ℃/min, controlling the foaming temperature to be 1165 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 0.5-1.5 hours, then carrying out a cooling annealing process to prepare foamed ceramics, wherein when in wet grinding, the prepared materials also comprise 2 parts of a ceramic debonding agent;
the foaming temperature is generally controlled to be about 1165 ℃. Controlling the rate of temperature rise and the temperature and time of foaming optimizes the final foamed height and cell size of the article, which has a very important effect on compressive strength and volume weight. The sintering temperature curve is:
room temperature 30 minutes to 300 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature rise), 50 minutes to 300 ℃ -600 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature rise), 40 minutes to 600 ℃ -900 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature rise), 30 minutes to 900 ℃ -1030 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature rise), 35 minutes to 1030 ℃ -1165 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature rise), 30 minutes to 1165 ℃, 15 minutes to 1165 ℃ -950 ℃ (total time of uniform speed temperature fall), and furnace cooling to 950 ℃ -room temperature.
The existing industrialized foaming temperature curve is room temperature to 300 ℃ for 30 minutes, 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ for 60 minutes, 600 ℃ to 1030 ℃ for 60 minutes, 1030 ℃ to 1170 ℃ for 40 minutes, 1140 ℃ for 60 to 80 minutes, 1170 ℃ to 900 ℃ for 15 to 20 minutes, and 900 ℃ to room temperature furnace cooling.
In recent years, the output of the ferronickel alloy is greatly improved, the nickel-iron slag is greatly increased, and the comprehensive utilization of the nickel-iron slag is urgently needed to be solved. The foamed ceramic prepared by mainly using the nickel-iron slag can reduce the final foaming heat preservation temperature (from 1170 to 1165 ℃ or even lower), so the production cost can be reduced, the foaming temperature range of the silicon-magnesium-iron series foamed ceramic is narrower than that of the traditional silicon-calcium series, and is difficult to control, because the silicon-magnesium-iron series foamed ceramic is lower in viscosity after being softened at high temperature, and the foaming heat preservation time is shorter (is reduced to below 30 minutes compared with the normal time of more than 60 minutes), the temperature rise rate is reduced at about 900 ℃ in the initial foaming stage, so that the non-uniform foaming phenomenon can not occur in the early foaming stage, and the non-uniform foaming can cause the strength of the foamed ceramic to be greatly reduced, which is avoided.
The extremely cold process is provided in the cooling process, so that the silicate glass network structure is rapidly fixed, and the size and uniformity of foaming are kept.
A foamed ceramic, characterized by: it is prepared by the preparation method.
Example 2:
the method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water quenching nickel iron slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of nickel-iron slag, 15 parts of perlite tailings, 5 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of calcite and 0.8 part of foaming agent;
the components (raw materials) are respectively weighed according to a proportion, large blocks of raw materials need to be crushed, mixed and ball-milled to be below 200 meshes, a grinding tool is placed in a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the foaming temperature is controlled at 1170 ℃, and after heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1.5 hours, a cooling annealing process is carried out to prepare foamed ceramics, and when in wet grinding, the prepared materials also comprise 1.5 parts of a ceramic dispergator;
the foaming temperature is generally controlled to around 1170 ℃. Controlling the rate of temperature rise and the temperature and time of foaming optimizes the final foamed height and cell size of the article, which has a very important effect on compressive strength and volume weight. The sintering temperature curve is:
30 minutes at room temperature to 300 ℃, 50 minutes at 300-600 ℃, 40 minutes at 600-900 ℃, 30 minutes at 900-1020 ℃, 30 minutes at 1020-1160 ℃, 30 minutes at 1160 ℃, 15 minutes at 1160-950 ℃ and furnace cooling at 950-room temperature.
A foamed ceramic, characterized by: it is prepared by the preparation method.
Example 3:
the method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water quenching nickel iron slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of nickel-iron slag, 10 parts of perlite tailings, 3 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of calcite and 0.6 part of foaming agent;
the components (raw materials) are respectively weighed according to a proportion, large blocks of raw materials need to be crushed, mixed and ball-milled to be below 200 meshes, a grinding tool is placed in a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the foaming temperature is controlled to be 1155 ℃, after heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1.5 hours, a cooling annealing process is carried out to prepare foamed ceramics, and when in wet grinding, the prepared materials also comprise 1.2 parts of a ceramic dispergator;
the foaming temperature is generally controlled to be about 1155 ℃. Controlling the rate of temperature rise and the temperature and time of foaming optimizes the final foamed height and cell size of the article, which has a very important effect on compressive strength and volume weight. The sintering temperature curve is:
30 minutes at room temperature to 300 ℃, 50 minutes at 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, 40 minutes at 600 ℃ to 900 ℃, 30 minutes at 900 ℃ to 1020 ℃, 30 minutes at 1020 ℃ to 1155 ℃, 30 minutes at 1155 ℃, 15 minutes at 1155 ℃ to 900 ℃ and furnace cooling at 900 ℃ to room temperature.
A foamed ceramic, characterized by: it is prepared by the preparation method.
Example 4:
the method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water quenching nickel iron slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 90 parts of nickel-iron slag, 5 parts of perlite tailings, 5 parts of bentonite, 5 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of calcite and 0.5 part of foaming agent;
weighing the components (raw materials) respectively according to a proportion, crushing large blocks of raw materials, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials to below 200 meshes, putting a grinding tool into a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, controlling the heating rate to be 3-10 ℃/min, controlling the foaming temperature to be 1130 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 0.5-1.5 hours, and then carrying out a cooling annealing process to prepare foamed ceramics, wherein when in wet grinding, the prepared materials also comprise 1 part of a ceramic debonding agent;
the foaming temperature is generally controlled to about 1130 ℃. Controlling the rate of temperature rise and the temperature and time of foaming optimizes the final foamed height and cell size of the article, which has a very important effect on compressive strength and volume weight. The sintering temperature curve is:
30 minutes at room temperature to 300 ℃, 50 minutes at 300-600 ℃, 40 minutes at 600-880 ℃, 30 minutes at 880-1000 ℃, 30 minutes at 1000-1130 ℃, 30 minutes at 1130 ℃, 15 minutes at 1130-900 ℃ and furnace cooling at 900-room temperature.
A foamed ceramic, characterized by: it is prepared by the preparation method.
Comparison of the products of the examples:
while there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water quenching ferronickel slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a prepared material, wherein the prepared material mainly comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-90 parts of nickel-iron slag, 5-20 parts of perlite tailings, 3-10 parts of bentonite, 2-5 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of calcite and 0.5-1 part of silicon carbide powder; the ferronickel slag comprises the components in parts by mass in SiO 2 40-55 parts of Al 2 O 3 4-10 parts of MgO 25-35 parts of Fe 2 O 3 7-15 parts of CaO, 1-5 parts of K 2 0 to 1 portion of O, Na 2 0-1 part of O, and 1-2 parts of other nickel-iron slag in loss on ignition;
mixing the prepared materials, ball-milling uniformly, dry-milling or wet-milling to below 200 meshes, drying, die-filling and forming, placing the die into a kiln or an electric furnace for high-temperature roasting, wherein the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the foaming temperature is 1130-1185 ℃, and after heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1.5 hours, carrying out cooling annealing process to prepare the foamed ceramic; when in wet grinding, the prepared material also comprises 1-2 parts of a ceramic dispergator.
2. The method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water-quenched nickel-iron slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perlite tailings are prepared from the selected components in parts by mass of SiO 2 70-75 parts of Al 2 O 3 10-14 parts, K 2 O2-6 parts, MgO 0-1 part, Na 2 1-4 parts of O, Fe 2 O 3 0-1 part of perlite tailings, 0-1 part of CaO, and the loss on ignition and other ranges of 8-12 parts.
3. The method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bentonite is prepared from the components of SiO in parts by mass 2 68-72 parts of Al 2 O 3 13-17 parts, K 2 1-4 parts of O, 1-3 parts of MgO and Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 1-3 parts of CaO, 1-3 parts of loss on ignitionAnd other bentonite in the range of 7-11 parts.
4. The method for preparing foamed ceramic by using water-quenched nickel-iron slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kaolin is prepared from SiO in terms of selected components in parts by mass 2 68-72 parts of Al 2 O 3 13-17 parts, K 2 O2-6 parts, MgO 0-1 part, Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 1-3 parts of CaO, 0-1 part of CaO, and 8-12 parts of other kaolin.
5. The method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water-quenched nickel-iron slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calcite is selected from the group consisting of the calcite having the SiO component 2 0-1 part of MgO, 0-1 part of Al 2 O 3 0 to 1 part, K 2 0 to 1 portion of O, Na 2 0-1 part of O, Fe 2 O 3 0-1 part of calcium carbonate, 50-60 parts of CaO, and 40-50 parts of other calcite.
6. A foamed ceramic, characterized by: the method for preparing the foamed ceramic by using the water quenched ferronickel slag as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN106187289A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of method utilizing nickel slag and biomass powder to prepare light foamed ceramic |
| CN107602106A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-19 | 广西旭腾实业集团有限公司 | A kind of foamed ceramic heat-insulation wall plate based on graphene and preparation method thereof |
| CN109553393A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-02 | 衢州华友钴新材料有限公司 | A method of foamed ceramic is prepared with cobalt melting waste slag microwave sintering |
| CN109824378A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-31 | 辽宁罕王绿色建材有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of through-hole foamed ceramic |
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