CN110627328B - Ecological low-lying pool and application thereof in farmland runoff and irrigation water-withdrawal purification - Google Patents
Ecological low-lying pool and application thereof in farmland runoff and irrigation water-withdrawal purification Download PDFInfo
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- CN110627328B CN110627328B CN201911093890.4A CN201911093890A CN110627328B CN 110627328 B CN110627328 B CN 110627328B CN 201911093890 A CN201911093890 A CN 201911093890A CN 110627328 B CN110627328 B CN 110627328B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological low-lying pool, which belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and comprises a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall which are sequentially connected; the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and the low-lying pond; the emergent aquatic plant purification area, the submerged plant purification area and the limestone phosphorus removal wall are positioned in the low-lying pond. After the existing low-lying pool is subjected to micro-topographic ecological transformation according to local conditions, nitrogen denitrification process and phosphorus chemical adsorption process in farmland runoff and irrigation water return are enhanced, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution output of the farmland runoff and the irrigation water return is effectively reduced; greatly improves the effects of farmland runoff and irrigation water-withdrawal nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and has the advantages of no land resource occupation, less engineering amount and no need of maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and particularly relates to an ecological low-lying pool and application thereof in farmland runoff and irrigation water-return purification.
Background
In recent years, the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural production process of China is getting larger and larger, so that the agricultural non-point source pollution is getting more and more serious, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizers in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places is reported to exceed 300kg/hm2Higher than 225kg/hm set by the country for preventing the fertilizer pollution2And (4) standard. Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultureDirectly accelerates the eutrophication level of closed water bodies and semi-closed water bodies such as lakes, rivers and the like, for example, the nitrogen content of agricultural non-point source pollution of Jiangsu Taihu lake accounts for 73 percent of the total nitrogen content of the lake, and about 52 percent of total phosphorus and 70 percent of total nitrogen of Anhui nested lake come from agriculture.
At present, common rural area non-point source control technologies include vegetation buffer zones, ecological ditches, artificial wetlands and the like. The vegetation buffer zone occupies a large amount of land, the engineering quantity is large, the coverage range of engineering measures is limited, and the wide-range popularization is not facilitated; the ecological ditch technology can collect farmland runoff and irrigation water return, but the retention time of the water body is short, and the interception effect on nitrogen and phosphorus is not outstanding; the wetland engineering technology has small hydraulic load, large floor area and limited high-load sewage interception effect.
The pond weir near the river channel is used as a transition zone between farmlands and water bodies, has double effects of drainage and ecological wetland, and becomes a hotspot of the current agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and treatment research. Particularly in wide hilly areas, farmland runoff and irrigation drainage are generally collected in a region with low topography to form a low-lying pool, the pool is communicated with a drainage channel through a drainage pipeline, and the low-lying pool becomes an important node of the farmland runoff and the irrigation drainage in the hilly areas. How to effectively utilize a low-lying pool to realize nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and biochemical modification is a problem which needs to be solved to deal with farmland runoff and irrigation and water return pollution at present.
The existing farmland runoff and irrigation drainage are basically and directly collected into a low-lying pool through a drainage channel and then directly collected into a main channel without any buffering and purifying process; secondly, at present, the land resources are very limited, the farmland is densely distributed, and a plurality of ecological engineering techniques occupy a large amount of cultivated land and are not suitable for large-scale popularization; finally, the resistance control capability of the existing measures has singleness and limitation, and the effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus of farmland non-point source pollution is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an ecological depressed pool and an application thereof in farmland runoff and irrigation water-return purification, wherein the ecological depressed pool performs micro-topographic ecological transformation on the existing depressed pool according to local conditions to realize treatment of farmland runoff and irrigation water-return pollution, and overcomes the limitation that a single-form ecological engineering technology has insufficient treatment effects on farmland runoff and irrigation water-return pollution; greatly improves the effects of farmland runoff and irrigation water-withdrawal nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and has the advantages of no land resource occupation, less engineering amount and no need of maintenance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ecological low-lying pool, which comprises a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall which are connected in sequence; the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and the low-lying pond; the emergent aquatic plant purification area, the submerged plant purification area and the limestone phosphorus removal wall are positioned in the low-lying pond.
Preferably, the denitrification wall is formed by mixing wood chips and soil.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the wood chips to the soil is 1: (1.5-2.5).
Preferably, the denitrification wall is located below the ground, the depth of the denitrification wall is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the denitrification wall is 1.8-2.2 m.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant area is positioned in a shallow water area of the low-lying pool, and the depth of water in the emergent aquatic plant area is less than 0.5 m; canna and acorus are planted in the emergent aquatic plant area; the canna is planted close to a denitrification wall, and the calamus is planted close to an emergent aquatic plant purification area.
Preferably, the submerged plant purification area is located in a deep water area of the low-lying pool, and the water depth of the submerged plant purification area is greater than 0.5 m; and planting the watermifoil in the submerged plant purification area.
Preferably, the limestone phosphorus removal wall comprises two side wood pile walls and limestone positioned between the two side wood pile walls.
Preferably, the limestone phosphorus removal wall is 10-20 cm higher than the water surface.
Preferably, the width of the limestone phosphorus removal wall is 0.8-1.2 m.
The invention provides application of the ecological low-lying pool in farmland runoff and irrigation water return purification, wherein the farmland runoff and the irrigation water return sequentially flow through a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall to realize purification treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ecological low-lying pool provided by the invention is subjected to micro-topographic ecological transformation on the basis of the existing low-lying pool terrain, and by utilizing a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall, farmland runoff and irrigation return water are comprehensively intercepted and purified, and the action process of the ecological low-lying pool is as follows: upstream farmland runoff or irrigation return water is converged to a low-lying pool and is firstly removed through a denitrification wall, and most of nitrogen in the wall is removed through denitrification; then, the water body enters an emergent aquatic plant purification area and a submerged plant, and a part of organic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are absorbed and removed under the actions of the root system of the emergent aquatic plant, the leaves of the submerged plant and microorganisms; and finally, the water body passes through a limestone phosphorus removal wall, phosphorus elements are subjected to chemical adsorption and reaction of limestone, the concentration is greatly reduced, and the obtained deeply-purified farmland runoff and irrigation return water enter a river channel through an outlet of the low-lying pond. The ecological low-lying pool has obvious nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects, and monitoring results show that the total nitrogen of the water body before system treatment is 12mg/L and total phosphorus is 0.8mg/L, and the total nitrogen of the water body after treatment is 1.3mg/L and total phosphorus is 0.02 mg/L.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ecological depressed pond in the present application, in which 1-denitrification wall; 2-emergent aquatic plant purification area; 3-a submerged plant purification area; 4-limestone dephosphorization wall; 5-timber pile; 6-low pool; 7-farmland; 8-farmland runoff; 9-discharging water; 10-a channel; 11-road.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ecological low-lying pool, which comprises a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall which are connected in sequence; the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and the low-lying pond; the emergent aquatic plant purification area, the submerged plant purification area and the limestone phosphorus removal wall are positioned in the low-lying pond.
In the invention, the ecological low-lying pool comprises a denitrification wall, and the denitrification wall is formed by mixing wood chips and soil; the volume ratio of the wood chips to the soil is preferably 1: (1.5-2.5), more preferably 1: 2; the denitrification wall is preferably positioned below the ground, and the depth of the denitrification wall is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, and more preferably 1.0 m; the width of the denitrification wall is preferably 1.8-2.2 m, and more preferably 2.0 m. In the invention, the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and a low-lying pond, and is adjacent to an emergent aquatic plant purification area; the denitrification wall is preferably in an inverted L shape. The filler of the denitrification wall can increase the carbon source supply of soil, strengthen denitrification and increase denitrification effect. The farmland runoff passes through the denitrification wall in a seepage mode, and a large amount of nitrogen is removed under the denitrification action.
In the invention, the ecological depressed pond comprises an emergent aquatic plant purification area, the emergent aquatic plant purification area is preferably located in a shallow water area of the depressed pond, and the depth of the emergent aquatic plant purification area is preferably less than 0.5 m; the emergent aquatic plant area is preferably in an inverted L shape; canna and calamus are preferably planted in the emergent aquatic plant area; the canna is planted close to a denitrification wall, and the calamus is planted close to an emergent aquatic plant purification area; the planting area ratio of canna and acorus calamus is preferably 4: (5.5-6.5), more preferably 4: 6; the planting density of canna is 15-20 plants/m2More preferably 18 strains/m2The planting density of the calamus is preferably 8-12 plants/m2More preferably 10 strains/m2. The canna and the acorus calamus have the effects of buffering and regulating the farmland runoff entering the periphery on one hand, and the effects of purifying nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in the water body by absorbing the root system on the other hand.
In the invention, the ecological low-lying pool comprises a submerged plant purification area which is positioned inIn a deep water area of the low-lying pool, the depth of water in the submerged plant purification area is more than 0.5 m; the submerged plant area is preferably in an inverted L shape; and planting the watermifoil in the submerged plant purification area. In the invention, the planting density of the myriophyllum is preferably (25-35) clumps/m2More preferably 30 clusters/m2(ii) a Each clump preferably has 5 to 6 buds. The watermifoil algae form submerged plant communities, the dissolved oxygen of pond water can be increased through the photosynthesis of the watermifoil algae, and meanwhile, the growth of the watermifoil algae has a purifying effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in the water.
In the invention, the ecological low-lying pool comprises a limestone dephosphorization wall; the limestone dephosphorization wall comprises two side wood pile walls and limestone positioned in the middle of the two side wood pile walls. In the invention, the limestone phosphorus removal wall is preferably 10-20 cm higher than the water surface; the wall width of the limestone phosphorus removal wall is preferably 0.8-1.2 m, and more preferably 1.0 m; the limestone phosphorus removal wall is preferably in an inverted L shape. In the specific implementation process of the invention, firstly, wood piles are inserted into two sides of a wall body to form a wood pile wall with two sides, and the distance between every two adjacent wood piles is preferably 28-32 cm, more preferably 30 cm; then, stacking limestone between the timber pile walls on the two sides; the limestone preferably has an average diameter of 20-30 cm.
The invention provides application of the ecological low-lying pool in farmland runoff and irrigation water return purification, wherein the farmland runoff and the irrigation water return sequentially flow through a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall to realize purification treatment. According to the ecological low-lying pool, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution output of farmland runoff and irrigation water return is effectively reduced by strengthening a nitrogen denitrification process and a phosphorus chemical adsorption process in the farmland runoff and the irrigation water return; greatly improves the effects of farmland runoff and irrigation water-withdrawal nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and has the advantages of no land resource occupation, less engineering amount and no need of maintenance.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An ecological low-lying pool comprises a denitrification denitriding wall, an emergent aquatic plant purifying area, a submerged plant purifying area and a limestone dephosphorization wall. The structure is shown in figure 1, wherein, the 1-denitrification wall; 2-emergent aquatic plant purification area; 3-a submerged plant purification area; 4-limestone dephosphorization wall; 5-timber pile; 6-low pool; 7-farmland; 8-farmland runoff; 9-discharging water; 10-a channel; 11-road.
The original low-lying pool is rectangular, the length of the pool is 20m, the width of the pool is 30m, and the average water depth is 0.5 m. The north side and the west side of the low-lying pool are farmlands, and the distance from the water surface to the farmlands is about 3 m; the east side of the low-lying pool is a channel, and farmland runoff and irrigation drainage finally flow into the channel through a water outlet; the south side of the low-lying pool and the east side of the channel are roads. In the ecological transformation process, the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and a water area and is of a reverse L shape, the width is 2m, and the total length is 55 m. The emergent aquatic plant purification area is distributed in the shallow water area, the average width is about 6m, and the total area is about 250m2Canna is planted in a range of 2m close to the outer side, and typha is planted in a range of 4m on the inner side. The submerged plant purification area is located in the deep water area, and the planting area of the foxtail algae is about 300m2. The limestone dephosphorization wall forms an inverted L-shaped permeable cofferdam at the outlet of the low-lying pond, the width of the permeable cofferdam is 1m, the north side length of the permeable cofferdam is 3m, and the west side length of the permeable cofferdam is 3 m. The diameter of the timber pile is 15-20cm, the average length is 2m, and the average distance is 30 cm. The limestone is piled in the middle of the wooden pile, the average diameter is 20-30cm, and the piling quantity is about 6m3. The limestone dephosphorization wall is about 10cm higher than the water surface.
The transformed ecological low-lying pool has obvious nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects on farmland runoff and irrigation water return, and monitoring results show that the total nitrogen of the water body before system treatment is 12mg/L and total phosphorus is 0.8mg/L, the total nitrogen of the water body after treatment is 1.3mg/L and the total phosphorus is 0.02 mg/L.
Example 2
Modified ecological low-lying pond flow data monitoring in example 1:
the variation range of the inflow nitrate nitrogen concentration is 0.30 mg/L-1.87 mg/L, the outlet nitrate nitrogen concentration is 0.06 mg/L-0.29 mg/L, and the average removal rate is 80.8%; the inflow total phosphorus concentration range is 0.05 mg/L-0.08 mg/L, the outlet total phosphorus concentration range is 0.01 mg/L-0.02 mg/L, and the average removal rate is 61.8 percent
Example 3
Modified ecological low-lying pond flow data monitoring in example 1:
the variation range of the concentration of the influent nitrate nitrogen is 0.59-2.34 mg/L, the concentration of influent water is reduced to 0.45-1.42 mg/L after the influent water is treated by a system, and the average removal rate can reach 62.7%; the inflow concentration range is 0.04 mg/L-0.05 mg/L, and the concentration of inflow water is reduced to 0.01-0.04 mg/L after the inflow water passes through the near-natural wetland, and the average concentration is 46.8%.
Therefore, the ecological low-lying pool disclosed by the invention can effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution output of farmland runoff and irrigation return water by strengthening the nitrogen denitrification process and the phosphorus chemical adsorption process in the farmland runoff and the irrigation return water; greatly improves the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects of farmland runoff and irrigation water return.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological low-lying pool is characterized by comprising a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall which are connected in sequence; the denitrification wall is positioned between a farmland and the low-lying pond; the emergent aquatic plant purification area, the submerged plant purification area and the limestone phosphorus removal wall are positioned in the low-lying pond;
the denitrification wall is positioned below the ground, the depth of the denitrification wall is 0.8-1.2 m, and the width of the denitrification wall is 1.8-2.2 m;
the emergent aquatic plant area is positioned in a shallow water area of the low-lying pond, and the depth of water in the emergent aquatic plant area is less than 0.5 m; canna and acorus are planted in the emergent aquatic plant area; the canna is planted close to a denitrification wall, and the calamus is planted close to an emergent aquatic plant purification area;
the submerged plant purification area is located in a deep water area of the low-lying pool, and the water depth of the submerged plant purification area is more than 0.5 m; and planting the watermifoil in the submerged plant purification area.
2. The ecological depressed pond of claim 1, wherein the denitrification wall is comprised of a mixture of wood chips and soil.
3. The ecological depressed pond according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of the wood chips to the soil is 1: (1.5-2.5).
4. The ecological depressed pond of claim 1, wherein the limestone phosphorus removal wall includes two side timber pile walls and limestone located in between the two side timber pile walls.
5. The ecological depressed pond of claim 4, wherein the limestone phosphorus removal wall is 10-20 cm above the water surface.
6. The ecological depressed pond of claim 4, wherein the wall width of the limestone phosphorus removal wall is 0.8-1.2 m.
7. The application of the ecological low-lying pond of any one of claims 1 to 6 in purification of farmland runoff and irrigation return water, wherein the farmland runoff and the irrigation return water sequentially flow through a denitrification wall, an emergent aquatic plant purification area, a submerged plant purification area and a limestone phosphorus removal wall to realize purification treatment.
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