CN110625208A - Anti-icing wave-structure super-hydrophobic surface and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-icing wave-structure super-hydrophobic surface and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110625208A CN110625208A CN201910933074.3A CN201910933074A CN110625208A CN 110625208 A CN110625208 A CN 110625208A CN 201910933074 A CN201910933074 A CN 201910933074A CN 110625208 A CN110625208 A CN 110625208A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
- C23F1/34—Alkaline compositions for etching copper or alloys thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/103—Other heavy metals copper or alloys of copper
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Abstract
An anti-icing super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of surface treatment of metal substrates. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a base material, and processing a wavy structure on the base material by adopting a linear cutting finish machining technology; preprocessing the prepared wave structure, and preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by wet etching; and (3) carrying out low-surface-energy substance modification on the hydrophobic micro-flower structure to prepare the super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure. The super-hydrophobic surface of the wave structure is an asymmetric surface, liquid drops impact on the wave structure to generate asymmetric bounce, and compared with symmetric bounce generated by the impact of the liquid drops on an equivalent super-hydrophobic plane, the solid-liquid contact time of the asymmetric bounce is shortened by 40%. The super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure improves the contact characteristic of a metal substrate and water drops, and the micro-flower structure modified by low-surface-energy substances can reduce the viscous force of the water drops sliding on the surface, reduce the condensation degree of water drops on the surface of the substrate and achieve the anti-icing purpose of high efficiency, cleanness and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment of metal substrates, and relates to an anti-icing super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Under low temperature environment, the surface of power transmission communication lines, aviation, navigation or high-speed rail transportation equipment and the like is often frozen due to water vapor condensation or impact and accumulation of supercooled water drops, which brings great harm to equipment use and personal safety. For example, for high voltage power lines that transmit power over long distances, ice coating increases the weight of the iron tower supporting the high voltage power lines. Severe ice coating causes the tower to collapse without the ability to support these wires. The ice coating on the insulator string on the iron tower can only be used for switching off to stop the transmission of the power transmission line, so that large-area power interruption is caused; the probes of speed and pressure measuring sensors on the airplane and the ship are frozen to cause the indication distortion of instruments, and the frozen machine body and the frozen ship body increase the self weight and increase the navigation resistance. For this time, the anti-icing problem on the surface of equipment such as power transmission and communication lines, aviation, navigation or high-speed rail transportation has been highly regarded for a long time.
Engineering mainly utilizes mechanical or heating technology to deice and melt ice, but the methods are often accompanied by complicated structural design and large amount of extra energy consumption. In recent years, the super-hydrophobic technology is widely concerned, and has good application prospects in the fields of self-cleaning surfaces, microfluid control, oil-water separation and the like. Numerous studies have also shown that superhydrophobic surfaces have excellent anti-icing properties, i.e. delay, reduce or even completely prevent the build-up of frost on solid surfaces. These active anti-icing technologies have received increasing attention by constructing a hydrophobic functional coating on the surface of the material or by subjecting the original surface of the material to hydrophobic treatment to impart anti-icing properties.
At present, most of the super-hydrophobic surfaces for anti-icing are subjected to hydrophobic treatment or hydrophobic functional coating construction on the basis of a plane, and under the same hydrophobic treatment condition, the super-hydrophobic surfaces with wave structures have better anti-icing performance than the super-hydrophobic surfaces, and the wave structures can reduce and avoid the adhesion and accumulation of water drops on the surfaces or can be more easily fallen off from the surfaces before the water drops are not iced by means of gravity, wind power or other external forces, so that the probability of ice formation on the surfaces is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an anti-icing wave-structure super-hydrophobic surface, aiming at the limitation that most of the existing super-hydrophobic surfaces are subjected to hydrophobic treatment on the basis of planes. The super-hydrophobic surface of the wave structure is an asymmetric surface, liquid drops impact on the wave structure to generate asymmetric bouncing, the liquid drops have obvious expansion and contraction along two vertical directions, and compared with symmetric bouncing generated by the liquid drops impacting on an equivalent super-hydrophobic plane, the solid-liquid contact time of the asymmetric bouncing is shortened by 40%. Therefore, the super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure has the super-hydrophobic characteristic, and meanwhile, the solid-liquid contact time can be reduced, and the heat exchange is reduced, so that the anti-icing with high efficiency, cleanness and low cost is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a super hydrophobic surface of wave structure for anti-icing, includes wave structure base, hydrophobic micron flower structure and low surface energy material modification layer, wherein, hydrophobic micron flower structure evenly distributed is on wave structure base upper surface, and low surface energy material modification layer adheres to hydrophobic micron flower structure upper surface.
The wave structure be unsmooth alternate semi-cylinder structure, the diameter is 4 ~ 20 mm. The hydrophobic micro-flowers are spherical structures, are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the wave structure, and have the diameter size of 5-20 mu m. The material component of the low surface energy material modification layer is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane.
A preparation method of an anti-icing wave-structured super-hydrophobic surface comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting industrial pure copper as a base material, and processing a wavy structure on the base material by adopting a wire-electrode cutting finish machining technology;
the purity of the selected base material is more than 99%. The wire-electrode cutting finish machining technology is that a wavy structure is machined on a base material by a wire-electrode cutting finish machining method, and the size machining precision is less than 0.015 mm.
Secondly, preprocessing the prepared wave structure, and preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by wet etching;
the pretreatment of the prepared wave structure comprises the following operations: the method comprises the steps of firstly, corroding and cleaning with 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove surface oxidation/hydroxide films, then, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for 8-12 min in sequence, and then, blow-drying with nitrogen.
The method for preparing the hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by utilizing wet etching comprises the following operations: 2.5mol/L NaOH and 0.1mol/L (NH) are prepared4)2S2O8And mixing the solution, soaking the pretreated wavy structure at room temperature for reaction for 60-90 min, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying with nitrogen.
And thirdly, modifying the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with a low-surface-energy substance to obtain the super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure.
The hydrophobic micro-flower structure is subjected to low surface energy substance modification, namely the surface of the hydrophobic micro-flower structure is soaked in 1mmol/L fluorosilane alcohol solution for 40-60 min, and finally the hydrophobic micro-flower structure is heated and dried for more than 1h at 80-150 ℃.
The fluorosilane is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the super-hydrophobic surface of the wave structure is an asymmetric surface, asymmetric bounce can be generated when liquid drops impact on the wave structure, and compared with symmetric bounce generated when the liquid drops impact on an equivalent super-hydrophobic plane, the solid-liquid contact time of the asymmetric bounce is shortened by 40%.
(2) The invention is realized by constructing a super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure on an industrial pure copper substrate at room temperature on the basis of a linear cutting finish machining technology and a surface modification technology. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, high in efficiency and low in cost, and has no special requirements on the shape and the material of the metal base material.
(3) Compared with the existing super-hydrophobic plane, the super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure improves the contact characteristic of water drops and the surface, the super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure can reduce solid-liquid contact time and heat exchange, the wave structure can further reduce and avoid the adhesion and accumulation of the water drops on the surface, and the water drops can easily fall off from the surface by means of gravity, wind power or other external forces before being frozen, so that the super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure has more excellent anti-icing performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view and an SEM image of a superhydrophobic surface structure having a wavy structure prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The preparation method of the anti-icing wave-structure superhydrophobic surface comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting a base material, and processing a wavy structure on the base material by adopting a linear cutting finish machining technology;
in this example, the substrate selected was commercially pure copper with a purity greater than 99%. The wire cutting machine used for wire cutting finish machining adopts a DK7732E numerical control fast wire cutting machine, and the size machining precision is less than 0.015 mm. The processed wave structure is a concave-convex alternated semi-cylinder structure with the diameter of 8mm, and the structure is shown in figure 1.
Secondly, preprocessing the wave structure prepared in the first step, and preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by wet etching;
corroding and cleaning with 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove surface oxidation/hydroxide film, then ultrasonic cleaning with acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for 8min in sequence, and then blow-drying with nitrogen. Then 2.5mol/L NaOH and 0.1mol/L (NH) are prepared4)2S2O8And mixing the solution, soaking the pretreated wavy structure at room temperature for reaction for 60min, taking out, washing with deionized water, and blow-drying with nitrogen. The prepared hydrophobic micro-flower structure is uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the wave structure, the monomer structure is a spherical structure, the average diameter size of the monomer structure is 5 micrometers, and an SEM image is shown in figure 1.
And thirdly, modifying the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with a low-surface-energy substance to obtain the super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure.
Soaking the surface of the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with 1mmol/L alcoholic solution of fluorosilane for 60min, and finally heating and drying at 150 ℃ for 1 h. The fluorosilane is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane, the low-surface-energy substance modification layer is attached to the upper surface of the hydrophobic popcorn structure, and the substance component is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane. The contact angle was 163.4 ° ± 2.6 °.
Example 2
The preparation method of the anti-icing wave-structure superhydrophobic surface comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting a base material, and processing a wavy structure on the base material by adopting a linear cutting finish machining technology;
in this example, the substrate selected was commercially pure copper with a purity greater than 99%. The wire cutting machine used for wire cutting finish machining adopts a DK7732E numerical control fast wire cutting machine, and the size machining precision is less than 0.015 mm. The wave structure of processing is unsmooth alternate halfcylinder structure, and the diameter is 15 mm.
Secondly, preprocessing the wave structure prepared in the first step, and preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by wet etching;
corroding and cleaning with 1mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution to remove surface oxidation/hydroxide film, then ultrasonic cleaning with acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for 10min in sequence, and then blow-drying with nitrogen. Then 2.5mol/L NaOH and 0.1mol/L (NH) are prepared4)2S2O8And mixing the solution, soaking the pretreated wavy structure at room temperature for reaction for 90min, taking out, washing with deionized water, and blow-drying with nitrogen. The prepared hydrophobic micro popcorn structures are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the wave structure, the monomer structures are spherical structures, and the average diameter size of the monomer structures is 13 mu m.
And thirdly, modifying the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with a low-surface-energy substance to obtain the super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure.
Soaking the surface of the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with 1mmol/L alcoholic solution of fluorosilane for 50min, and finally heating and drying at 80 ℃ for 5 h. The fluorosilane is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane, the low-surface-energy substance modification layer is attached to the upper surface of the hydrophobic popcorn structure, and the substance component is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctyl silane. The contact angle was 162.8 ° ± 2.3 °.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The anti-icing super-hydrophobic surface with the wave structure is characterized by comprising a wave structure substrate, hydrophobic micro-flower rice structures and a low-surface-energy substance modification layer, wherein the hydrophobic micro-flower rice structures are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the wave structure substrate, and the low-surface-energy substance modification layer is attached to the upper surface of the hydrophobic micro-flower rice structures;
the wave structure is a concave-convex alternated semi-cylinder structure, and the diameter of the wave structure is 4-20 mm; the hydrophobic micro-flowers are spherical structures, and the diameter size of the hydrophobic micro-flowers is 5-20 mu m.
2. The super-hydrophobic surface with a wavy structure for resisting ice according to claim 1, wherein the substance component of the low surface energy substance modification layer is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctylsilane.
3. A method for preparing the superhydrophobic surface of the wavy structure for resisting ice according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
firstly, selecting industrial pure copper as a base material, and processing a wavy structure on the base material by adopting a wire-electrode cutting finish machining technology;
secondly, preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure
2.1) pretreating the prepared wave structure: firstly, using dilute hydrochloric acid solution to corrode and clean, removing surface oxidation/hydroxide film, then using acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to ultrasonically clean, and using nitrogen to blow and dry
2.2) preparing a hydrophobic micro-flower structure on the surface of the wave structure by wet etching: 2.5mol/L NaOH and 0.1mol/L (NH) are prepared4)2S2O8Mixing the solution, soaking the pretreated wavy structure at room temperature for reaction for 60-90 min, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying with nitrogen;
and thirdly, soaking the surface of the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with 1mmol/L of fluorosilane alcohol solution for 40-60 min, heating and drying, and modifying the hydrophobic micro-flower structure with a low-surface-energy substance to obtain the super-hydrophobic surface with a wave structure.
4. The method for preparing the superhydrophobic surface with the wavy structure for resisting ice according to claim 3, wherein the purity of the substrate in the first step is more than 99%.
5. The method for preparing the anti-icing waved structure superhydrophobic surface according to claim 3, wherein the size processing precision of the wire-electrode cutting finishing technology in the first step is less than 0.015 mm.
6. The method for preparing the anti-icing wave structure superhydrophobic surface according to the claim 3, wherein the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid in the second step 2.1) is 1 mol/L; the ultrasonic cleaning time is 8-12 min.
7. The method for preparing the anti-icing wave-structure superhydrophobic surface according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the heating and drying in the third step is 80-150 ℃ and the time is more than 1 h.
8. The method for preparing the anti-icing wave-structured superhydrophobic surface according to claim 3, wherein the fluorosilane of the third step is trichloro- (1H,1H,2H,2H) -perfluorooctylsilane.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112222766A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-15 | 西南科技大学 | Orientation surface preparation method for controlling directional bounce of liquid drop |
| CN112480459A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Groove-shaped super-hydrophobic truncated cone array surface for realizing liquid drop resilience |
| CN112719487A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 中南大学 | Design and preparation method of super-hydrophobic surface |
| CN113072036A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-06 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of super-hydrophobic carbon nanotube film |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112222766A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-15 | 西南科技大学 | Orientation surface preparation method for controlling directional bounce of liquid drop |
| CN112480459A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Groove-shaped super-hydrophobic truncated cone array surface for realizing liquid drop resilience |
| CN112480459B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-02-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Groove-shaped super-hydrophobic truncated cone array surface for realizing liquid drop resilience |
| CN112719487A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 中南大学 | Design and preparation method of super-hydrophobic surface |
| CN112719487B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-04-29 | 中南大学 | Design and preparation method of super-hydrophobic surface |
| CN113072036A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-06 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of super-hydrophobic carbon nanotube film |
| CN113072036B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2023-07-21 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of super-hydrophobic carbon nanotube film |
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