Adsorbent for strengthening radon removal and adsorption purification device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to a preparation method of active carbon with radon selective adsorption capacity and gas purification equipment.
Background
Radon is the decay product of radium, is the only gas radioactive element that humans are exposed to, is one of 19 main carcinogens published by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is the second most powerful drug which causes human lung cancer next to cigarettes at present. Data published by the world health organization indicate that: more than 10 million people die of indoor Rn pollution every year all over the world, and the mean radon concentration value in a long time rises by 100Bq/m3The lung cancer risk increases by 16%. With the improvement of social modernization process and human living condition, the probability of exposing people to an indoor high-concentration radon environment is far higher than that of an outdoor environment, radon is widely existed in building materials such as cinder bricks or cement blocks mixed with fly ash, and in addition, high-concentration radon is existed in fuels such as coal, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and coal bed gas.
There are three types of radioisotopes of Rn that are widely found in nature:222Rn、220rn and219Rn。222rn is238Intermediate products of U decay, further decay of which may produce218Po,214Pb,214Bi and214po, and the like. While222The half-life period of Rn is 3.82d, the Rn can stay in the air for a long time enough to enter a human body, rays generated by Rn decay and a short service life of the Rn have a harmful effect on human health, and the main factor of the Rn having the greatest harm on the human health is222Rn and short lived subvolumes thereof.
At present, effective protection treatment measures for radon gas are few, and ventilation, paint shielding, adsorption and other technical measures are mainly relied on.
CN206247489U discloses a remove radon discharge system for new trend system, including the fairlead and the perforated pipe that interconnect and link up, this fairlead outwards extends to outside the building roof, this perforated pipe is including laying the perforated pipe main road on the floor top layer, and downwardly extending to the perforated pipe subline in the ground concrete layer, the main air inlet on the perforated pipe main road faces the floor top layer, be equipped with a plurality of pairs of air inlets on the circumference side of perforated pipe subline, still be equipped with the perforated pipe branch road on the perforated pipe subline, the other end of perforated pipe branch road is the closure, be equipped with a plurality of branch road air inlets on its circumference side, be equipped with the filter screen along radon discharge direction in the fairlead in proper order, install the sealed appearance chamber that is provided with the radon absorption material, and pipeline aspiration pump, solid activated carbon piece, the gas vent.
CN105983329A discloses a device and a method for removing radon gas from air, which uses a chemical method to convert radon gas into a stable and nonradioactive substance, and comprises three parts, namely a closed container, an air secondary treatment device and an air suction pump. Hold the adsorption material in closed container, carry out chemical reaction with the leading-in adsorption material of air through the aspiration pump, derive the air after the reaction and filter, disinfect, remove the peculiar smell processing in the secondary treatment device, the air discharge after the processing returns to atmosphere or environment.
CN204632348U discloses a device for adsorbing radon gas by ZIF-8. The device is provided with an adsorption device, an air pump, a flow meter and a gas detector. The components are connected by pipes. Be equipped with powdered ZIF-8 adsorbent in the adsorption equipment, gas detector connects behind the flowmeter, can carry out dynamic monitoring to radon gas content in its gas of flowing through.
CN105289227A discloses a high-efficiency radon remover. The formula comprises 1-5 parts of arrowketone, 60-80 parts of carrier, 0.5-1 part of synergist and 0.2-0.8 part of stabilizer. The carrier is a composition of zeolite powder, argil powder and activated carbon, and bivalent copper ions, bivalent iron ions and iodine are loaded on the activated carbon.
The four schemes mainly comprise methods of ventilation, shielding coating, adsorption and the like. Wherein the ventilation takes longer time and the treatment effect is poorer; the shielding coating has high cost and high installation difficulty; the existing adsorbing material has weak selective adsorption capacity on radon gas, and radon gas is inert gas, hardly reacts with other substances, and is difficult to treat by other methods.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides a preparation method of active carbon with radon selective adsorption capacity and gas purification equipment, which can enhance the selective adsorption capacity to radon.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing activated carbon with radon selective adsorption capacity comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating with activated carbon;
s1.1, respectively placing the activated carbon in hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid for standing treatment for 3 hours; the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid are both 0.1mol/L, and the hydrofluoric acid and the hydrochloric acid are beyond the active carbon during standing treatment;
s1.2, washing the activated carbon subjected to standing treatment by using deionized water, filtering by using filter paper, and stopping washing when the pH value of the filtrate is 7.0;
s1.3, drying the washed activated carbon in an oven, wherein the temperature of the oven is set to be 110 ℃, and the drying time is 24 hours;
s2, ultrasonically forming pores by using activated carbon;
s2.1, placing the pretreated activated carbon in an ultrasonic generator, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours; in the ultrasonic treatment, the power of an ultrasonic generator is 100-200W, the ultrasonic frequency is 53Hz, and the temperature is controlled to be 45 ℃;
S3、N2or H2Performing microwave irradiation in the atmosphere;
the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is placed in a multimode resonant microwave cavity for treatment, and the treatment method under different atmospheres is different, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the activated carbon after the ultrasonic treatment is in N2When the microwave irradiation is carried out in the atmosphere, the activated carbon after the ultrasonic treatment is placed in a quartz reactor and is treated in N2Heating for 5-10 min in a multimode resonant microwave cavity in the atmosphere;
when the activated carbon after the ultrasonic treatment is in H2Performing microwave irradiation in the atmosphere, placing the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment in a quartz reactor, and performing microwave irradiation in the presence of H2And heating in a multimode resonant microwave cavity for 30-60 min under the atmosphere.
In step S3, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is in N2Microwave irradiation under atmosphere, said multimode resonant microwave cavity outputThe input power is 550-650W;
the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is in H2And (3) performing microwave irradiation in the atmosphere, wherein the input power of the multimode resonant microwave cavity is 550-600W.
The invention further discloses gas purification equipment which adopts the activated carbon with the radon gas selective adsorption capacity.
Gaseous clarification plant, including the casing, set up air intake in the casing bottom, set up at casing upper portion air outlet, set up at the inside filter unit of casing and be used for carrying the air of treating the filtration and pass through filter unit's ventilation unit, filter unit includes that it is in to follow at least one primary filter layer that the circulation of air direction set gradually and set up if behind the primary filter layer active carbon layer that has radon gas selectivity adsorption efficiency.
And the shell is also internally provided with at least one VOCs adsorption layer for adsorbing VOCs gas.
Has the advantages that:
the invention adopts ultrasonic wave to make pore, N2Or H2Under the condition, the method of microwave irradiation and the like is used for simply modifying the commercially available activated carbon, so that the specific surface area is about 850 square meters per gram, the volume of micropores with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 nm is increased, the surface oxygen content is reduced, the selective adsorption capacity of the activated carbon to radon gas is improved, the modification method is simple, and the cost is low. The air purification equipment for strengthening radon removal is reasonable in layout, can strengthen the removal of radon in air, and can realize the combined removal of various gaseous pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a gas purification apparatus according to the present invention;
wherein: 1-a housing; 2, an air inlet; 3, an air outlet; 4, a fan; 5, perforating a plate; 11-primary filter layer net; 21-active carbon with radon selective adsorption capacity; 31-first stage adsorption layer; 32-second stage adsorption layer.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
A preparation method of activated carbon with radon selective adsorption capacity comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the active carbon with the radon selective adsorption capacity comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of activated carbon
(2) Ultrasonic pore-forming with active carbon
(3) Microwave irradiation under N2 or H2 atmosphere
Specifically, the activated carbon pretreatment described in (1) above; the pretreated active carbon is commercially available active carbon, and the active carbon is respectively placed in hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid for standing treatment for 3 hours;
further, the concentration of the hydrofluoric acid and the hydrochloric acid is 0.1mol/L, and the hydrofluoric acid and the hydrochloric acid are only needed to be over the activated carbon when the mixture is kept standing;
further, the activated carbon after the standing treatment was washed with deionized water, filtered with filter paper, and the washing was stopped when the pH of the filtrate was 7.0.
Further, the activated carbon after being washed by water is placed in an oven for drying treatment, wherein the temperature of the oven is set to be 110 ℃, and the drying time is 24 hours.
Specifically, for the activated carbon ultrasonic pore-forming in the above (2): putting the pretreated activated carbon into an ultrasonic generator, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 h;
further, in the ultrasonic treatment, the power of the ultrasonic generator is 150W, and the ultrasonic frequency is 53 Hz. In the ultrasonic step, the temperature was controlled to 45 ℃.
Specifically, for the microwave irradiation in the atmosphere of (3) N2 or H2, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is placed in a multimode resonant microwave cavity for treatment, and the treatment methods are different under different atmospheres;
further, performing microwave irradiation on the activated carbon subjected to ultrasonic treatment in an N2 atmosphere, placing the activated carbon subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a quartz reactor, and heating for 5min in a multimode resonant microwave cavity in an N2 atmosphere;
further, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is subjected to microwave irradiation in the atmosphere of N2, and the input power of the multimode resonant microwave cavity is 600W.
Further, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is subjected to microwave irradiation in an H2 atmosphere, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is placed in a quartz reactor, and is heated in a multimode resonant microwave cavity for 30min in an H2 atmosphere
Further, the activated carbon after ultrasonic treatment is subjected to microwave irradiation in an H2 atmosphere, and the input power of the multimode resonant microwave cavity is 600W.
Example 1
Selecting commercially available coconut shell based activated carbon, pretreating the commercially available coconut shell based activated carbon according to the activated carbon pretreatment method, and performing ultrasonic pore-forming on the pretreated activated carbon only under the following ultrasonic conditions: the power of an ultrasonic generator is 100W, the ultrasonic frequency is 53Hz, the temperature is controlled to be 45 ℃ in the ultrasonic process, and the ultrasonic time is 2 h.
For the coconut shell based activated carbon prepared above, 13.5m3And (3) carrying out a radon gas adsorption experiment in a radon chamber, wherein the radioactive concentration of the radon gas is 2000Bq/m 3.
Dynamic Adsorption Coefficient (DAC) is used as a parameter for measuring the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent:
DAC=F t/ω
in the formula, F is the flow rate of a sampling pump and L/min; t is the time when the radioactive concentration in the radon chamber is half of the initial value; ω is the mass of the adsorbent.
Example 2
Commercial coconut shell-based activated carbon which is the same as that in the embodiment 1 is selected, the activated carbon pretreatment method is the same as that in the embodiment 1, only ultrasonic pore forming is carried out on the pretreated activated carbon, the power of an ultrasonic generator is changed to 150W, and other conditions are not changed.
The radon dynamic adsorption coefficient of the treated activated carbon was measured by the method of example 1.
Example 3
Commercial coconut shell-based activated carbon which is the same as that in the embodiment 1 is selected, the activated carbon pretreatment method is the same as that in the embodiment 1, only ultrasonic pore forming is carried out on the pretreated activated carbon, the power of an ultrasonic generator is changed to 200W, and other conditions are not changed.
The radon adsorption dynamic coefficient of the treated activated carbon was measured by the method of example 1.
Example 4
Selecting commercially available coconut shell-based activated carbon the same as that in example 1, performing ultrasonic pore-forming on the pretreated activated carbon the same as that in example 1, and performing ultrasonic pore-forming on the pretreated activated carbon the same as that in example 2 in the presence of N2Carrying out microwave irradiation under the atmosphere, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: uniformly placing the activated carbon subjected to the ultrasonic pore-forming treatment in a quartz reactor, placing the quartz reactor in a multimode resonant microwave cavity, introducing N2 into the quartz reactor, adjusting the input power of the multimode resonant microwave cavity to 600W, and heating for 5 min.
The radon dynamic adsorption coefficient of the treated activated carbon was measured by the method of example 1.
Example 5
The same commercial coconut shell-based activated carbon as in example 1, the pretreatment method of the activated carbon and the ultrasonic pore-forming method as in example 4 were selected, and the process was carried out in H2Carrying out microwave irradiation under the atmosphere, wherein the treatment process comprises the following steps: uniformly placing the activated carbon subjected to the ultrasonic pore-forming treatment in a quartz reactor, placing the quartz reactor in a multimode resonant microwave cavity, introducing H2 into the quartz reactor, adjusting the input power of the multimode resonant microwave cavity to be 600W, and heating for 30min, wherein the input power is the same as that of the embodiment 4.
The radon dynamic adsorption coefficient of the treated activated carbon was measured by the method of example 1.
Detecting and counting the specific surface area, the volume of 0.5-0.8 nm micropores and the dynamic adsorption coefficient of radon gas of the activated carbon treated by the method for improving the adsorption capacity of radon gas in the embodiments 1-5; and the specific surface area of the untreated and simply pretreated activated carbon, the volume of 0.5-0.8 nm micropores and the dynamic adsorption coefficient of radon gas are detected and counted, the conclusions of the samples are compared, and the results are shown in table 1:
from the data in table 1, it can be seen that: examples 1-3 only the commercially available activated carbon was subjected to ultrasonic treatment, and the difference between the micropore volume of 0.5-0.8 nm and the surface oxygen content was not large in example 1 compared with example 3, but the larger the specific surface area of the activated carbon in example 3, the smaller the dynamic adsorption coefficient of radon gas is, indicating that there is an optimum specific surface area for radon gas adsorption, and the larger the specific surface area, the strongest radon gas adsorption performance is not necessary. Example 2 has a significant increase in the coefficient of dynamic adsorption of radon gas relative to examples 1 and 3, the most important reason being the increase in the micropore volume of 0.5-0.8 nm, which fully illustrates that when the specific surface area of activated carbon is 850m2About/g, and when the micropore volume of 0.5-0.8 nm is larger, the selective adsorption capacity to radon gas is stronger. Comparing example 3, example 4 and example 5, the main difference of the activated carbon in the three examples is the surface oxygen content, and the data show that the dynamic adsorption coefficient of radon gas is remarkably increased when the surface oxygen content of the activated carbon is reduced, and the microwave irradiation under the N2 atmosphere and the H2 atmosphere can effectively reduce the surface oxygen content of the activated carbon.
In conclusion, the specific surface area of the activated carbon is about 850 square meters per gram, the volume of micropores with the diameter of 0.5-0.8 nm is increased, and the selective adsorption capacity of the reduced surface oxygen content to radon gas is obviously enhanced.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention further discloses an air purification device for enhancing radon removal:
example 6
A device for strengthening radon gas removal is divided into a radon gas adsorption part and other gaseous pollutant treatment parts.
The radon gas adsorption part consists of a primary filter layer net 11 and a radon adsorption layer 21; the other gaseous pollutant treatment part consists of a first-stage adsorption layer 31 and a second-stage adsorption layer 32.
Above-mentioned radon gas adsorbs part, under the effect of fan 4, gaseous pollutants follow air intake 2 entering device casing 1, air intake 2 sets up in the bottom both sides of remove device, because of the radon gas is heavier than the air, sets up air intake 2 in the bottom, is convenient for furthest's radon gas in the intake ambient air. The polluted air is intercepted greatly by the primary filter screen 11Particulate matters enter the radon adsorption layer 21, the prepared active carbon with the radon gas selective adsorption capability is filled in the radon adsorption layer 21, and after the radon adsorption layer 21 is placed in the primary filter screen 11, the treatment capability of the active carbon with the radon gas selective adsorption capability is exerted to the maximum extent, and the radon gas removal effect is enhanced. At 35m3Room test shows that the initial radon gas concentration is 523Bq/m3The radon gas and daughter concentration can be reduced by about 50% in 10min, and after 2h, the indoor radon gas concentration is reduced to 138Bq/m3. Meets the I-type civil building engineering standard in GB 50325-2010.
The gas passing through the radon gas adsorption part of the gaseous pollutant treatment part enters other gaseous pollutant treatment parts under the action of the fan 4 through the perforated plate 5. Gas respectively passes through first order adsorbed layer 31 and second grade adsorbed layer 32, has better adsorption treatment effect to gaseous pollutants such as VOCs. Provides an air purification device for strengthening radon removal. The active carbon with the radon gas selective adsorption capacity prepared by the method is used as a main component for removing the radon gas, the radon gas removing capacity is enhanced, all functional modules are reasonably arranged, and the combined removal of various gaseous pollutants is realized.