CN110620502B - DC/DC converter for high-power charging device of electric automobile - Google Patents

DC/DC converter for high-power charging device of electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110620502B
CN110620502B CN201910932912.5A CN201910932912A CN110620502B CN 110620502 B CN110620502 B CN 110620502B CN 201910932912 A CN201910932912 A CN 201910932912A CN 110620502 B CN110620502 B CN 110620502B
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capacitor
diode
power supply
energy storage
switch tube
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CN110620502A (en
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吴晓刚
刘郑心
于渤洋
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

A DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric automobile belongs to the field of design and application of a charging system of a new energy automobile. The charging device solves the problems that the boost topology boost ratio of the DC/DC converter of the existing charging device is low, the voltage of the direct current side of the tail end load is low, the stress of devices is large, the charging speed is slow, and the requirement of quick charging is difficult to meet. Compared with a single inductor structure, the double-inductor energy storage structure at the front end greatly improves the boost ratio, and a special rear-end switch capacitor structure can enable a system to obtain higher voltage gain through a capacitor and a diode, so that the voltage of a direct current output side and the power density of the system are improved. Meanwhile, an isolated DC/DC converter with a transformer is not adopted as a boosting structure between the output end of the rectifier and the direct current side of the load. The invention is suitable for DC conversion in the charging process of high-power automobiles.

Description

DC/DC converter for high-power charging device of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design and application of a new energy automobile charging system, and particularly relates to a direct current converter.
Background
The electric automobile uses electric energy to provide power for the automobile for driving, has great promoting significance for relieving the shortage of petroleum energy and reducing the emission of harmful gas, and has a global trend for vigorously developing the electric automobile industry. The charging infrastructure is an important part in the electric automobile industry, and the charging device is an important component of the electric automobile charging infrastructure, and the performance of the charging device can directly influence the development of the electric automobile industry. Therefore, the high-power charging device for the electric automobile, which has complete functions, safety, reliability, good compatibility and high charging speed, has important practical engineering significance for the overall development of the electric automobile industry.
Research on DC/DC converters in current charging devices has focused mainly on isolated and non-isolated topologies. The isolated topology has a large volume, high cost and relatively low efficiency due to the existence of the coupling transformer.
At present, a DC/DC converter in a high-power charging device adopts a non-isolated topology structure, and is directly connected with a rectifier at the front end to convert electric energy of a power grid (alternating current to direct current and direct current to direct current) and charge an electric vehicle. Existing non-isolated topological structures such as boost, buck-boost, etc.) have good dynamic response and high efficiency, but because the circuit structure has fewer energy storage links, the circuit structure provides less energy and has a low voltage boosting ratio when in a working mode of releasing energy to the rear end, and the blind series-parallel inductance increases the energy storage, the volume of the system rises to affect the overall power density, so the existing structure cannot be well adapted to a high-power charging device, and the existing topological structures have large device stress and slow charging speed, and are difficult to meet the purpose of rapid charging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the boost topology boost ratio of the DC/DC converter of the existing charging device is low, the voltage of the direct current side of the tail end load is low, the stress of a device is large, the charging speed is slow, and the requirement of quick charging is difficult to meet. A DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric automobile is provided.
The invention relates to a DC/DC converter for an electric automobile high-power charging device, which comprises a DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
the DC/DC converter main circuit 1 comprises a front-end boosting structure and a rear-end switch capacitor structure;
the front-end boosting structure comprises an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D1, a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2 and a switching tube S3;
the rear-end switch capacitor structure comprises a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube S1, and the source of the switch tube S1 is connected with the negative end of a source V1;
the drain electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S1, and the source electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode end of the power supply V1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube S3;
the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, and the source of the switch tube S2 is connected with the negative end of the power supply V1;
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the anode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4 is the positive power signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3;
the capacitor C2 is connected with the capacitor C3 in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D4, and one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative electrode end of the power supply V1;
the cathode of the diode D2 is also connected with the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the capacitor C3;
the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1.
Further, the control circuit comprises a DC/DC converter control circuit 2, wherein the DC/DC converter control circuit 2 comprises a protection circuit 201, a DSP system 202, a voltage sensor 203 and a current sensor 204;
the voltage sensor 203 collects the output voltage of the DC side of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1 and the output voltage of the power supply V1, and the signal output end of the voltage sensor 203 is connected with the voltage collection signal input end of the DSP system 202;
the current sensor 204 simultaneously acquires current signals of an inductor L1 and an inductor L2, and a current signal output end of the current sensor 204 is connected with a current acquisition signal input end of the DSP system 202;
a target voltage is input to a target voltage signal input end of the DSP system 202; the DSP system 202 compares the received target voltage signal with the output voltage at the dc side, calculates a switching tube duty control signal according to the comparison result by using a PI control algorithm and a closed-loop control method, and outputs the switching tube duty control signal obtained by the calculation to the protection circuit 201 as a switching tube driving signal;
the switch tube driving signal output end of the protection circuit 201 is simultaneously connected with the grid of a switch tube S1, the grid of a switch tube S2 and the grid of a switch tube S3 in the DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
the protection circuit 201 is used for detecting whether the driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, and when the detected driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, the output of the switch driving signal is stopped.
The invention solves the defect of low boost ratio of the traditional boost topology, the dual-inductor energy storage structure at the front end of the boost topology greatly improves the boost ratio compared with a single-inductor structure, and the special rear-end switch capacitor structure can enable the system to obtain higher voltage gain through a capacitor and a diode, thereby improving the voltage at the direct current output side and the power density of the system. Meanwhile, an isolated DC/DC converter with a transformer is not adopted as a boosting structure between the output end of the rectifier and the direct current side of the load, but a non-isolated DC/DC converter is adopted, so that the efficiency of the converter can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit of a DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter for an electric vehicle high-power charging device in an energy storage inductor charging mode;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the energy flow of the DC/DC converter for the high-power charging device of the electric vehicle in the energy storage inductive charging mode, wherein the arrow direction in the diagram is the energy flow direction;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the DC/DC converter in the energy storage inductor discharging mode of the DC/DC converter for the high-power charging device of the electric vehicle;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing energy flow of a DC/DC converter in an energy storage inductor discharging mode of the DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric vehicle, wherein the direction of an arrow in the diagram is the energy flow direction;
fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a main circuit of a DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric vehicle and a control circuit thereof according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and the DC/DC converter for a high power charging device of an electric vehicle according to the present embodiment includes a DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
the DC/DC converter main circuit 1 comprises a front-end boosting structure and a rear-end switch capacitor structure;
the front-end boosting structure comprises an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D1, a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2 and a switching tube S3;
the rear-end switch capacitor structure comprises a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube S1, and the source of the switch tube S1 is connected with the negative end of a source V1;
the drain electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S1, and the source electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode end of the power supply V1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube S3;
the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, and the source of the switch tube S2 is connected with the negative end of the power supply V1;
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the anode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4 is the positive power signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3;
the capacitor C2 is connected with the capacitor C3 in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D4, and one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative electrode end of the power supply V1;
the cathode of the diode D2 is also connected with the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the capacitor C3;
the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1.
The topological structure of the embodiment is additionally provided with the inductor at the front end, the double inductors store energy, the inductor is charged in parallel and discharged in series, and larger energy is provided for the rear end during discharging.
Further, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 6, and in the present embodiment, the present embodiment further includes a DC/DC converter control circuit 2, where the DC/DC converter control circuit 2 includes a protection circuit 201, a DSP system 202, a voltage sensor 203, and a current sensor 204;
the voltage sensor 203 collects the output voltage of the DC side of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1 and the output voltage of the power supply V1, and the signal output end of the voltage sensor 203 is connected with the voltage collection signal input end of the DSP system 202;
the current sensor 204 simultaneously acquires current signals of an inductor L1 and an inductor L2, and a current signal output end of the current sensor 204 is connected with a current acquisition signal input end of the DSP system 202;
a target voltage is input to a target voltage signal input end of the DSP system 202; the DSP system 202 compares the received target voltage signal with the output voltage at the dc side, calculates a switching tube duty control signal according to the comparison result by using a PI control algorithm and a closed-loop control method, and outputs the switching tube duty control signal obtained by the calculation to the protection circuit 201 as a switching tube driving signal;
the switch tube driving signal output end of the protection circuit 201 is simultaneously connected with the grid of a switch tube S1, the grid of a switch tube S2 and the grid of a switch tube S3 in the DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
the protection circuit 201 is used for detecting whether the driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, and when the detected driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, the output of the switch driving signal is stopped.
In the present embodiment, V is shown in FIG. 12R is the load, is the output voltage.
Further, the DC/DC converter main circuit 1 comprises an inductive charging mode and an inductive discharging mode:
in this embodiment, the equivalent circuit of the inductive charging mode includes a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a diode D1, an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D3, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube S1, and the source of the switch tube S1 is connected with the negative end of a source V1;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode end of the power supply V1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the other end of the energy storage inductor L2 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S2, and the source electrode of the switch tube S2 is connected with the negative electrode end of the power supply V1;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3;
the anode of the diode D3 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is the positive power signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1;
one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode end of the power supply V1;
the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1.
In this embodiment, in this operating mode, the switches S1 and S2 are turned on simultaneously, the switch S3 is equivalent to an open circuit, and the equivalent circuit diagram of the converter in this operating mode is shown in fig. 2, in which V is2R is the load, is the output voltage.
In the energy storage inductor charging mode, the switching tubes S1, S2, S3 are driven by the PWM control signal during one PWM cycle. The switching tubes S1 and S2 are turned on, and the switching tube S3 is turned off, and the equivalent circuit diagram of the DC/DC converter in this mode is shown in fig. 2.
In the mode, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S2 are simultaneously switched on, the switch tube S3 is switched off, and the power supply V1 directly charges the energy storage inductor L1 (V1-L1-S1-V1); a power supply V1 charges an energy storage inductor L2 through a diode D1 (V1-D1-L2-S2-V1), and the currents of the energy storage inductors L1 and L2 are increased linearly; meanwhile, the capacitor C3 charges the capacitor C1 through the diode D3 (C3-D3-C1-S2-C3), the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 supply energy to the load at the same time, the sum of the voltages of the two capacitors is equal to the voltage of the load terminal, and the energy flow diagram of the DC/DC converter is shown in FIG. 3.
From the above analysis and the accompanying fig. 2 and 3, it can be derived that the voltage equation in the inductive charging mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0002220726610000051
wherein U isC1、UC2、UC3Are respectively a capacitor C1、C2、C3Voltage of (d); u shapeL1onAnd UL2onInductance L when the switching tubes are conducted respectively1、L2Voltage of (d); v1Is the converter input voltage, V2Is the converter output voltage.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the embodiment is described, in which an equivalent circuit of the inductor discharge mode includes a switching tube S3, an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D2, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S3, and the source of the switch tube S3 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the other end of the energy storage inductor L2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2; one end of the capacitor C2 is also connected with one end of the capacitor C3; the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative electrode end of a power supply V1; the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D4;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D4;
the cathode of the diode D4 is the positive power signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1; the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit 1.
In the energy storage inductor discharging mode, the switching tubes S1, S2, S3 are driven by the PWM control signal during one PWM cycle. The equivalent circuit diagram of the DC/DC converter in this mode is shown in fig. 4, where the switching tubes S1 and S2 are turned off and the switching tube S3 is turned on, and V is shown in the diagram2R is the load, is the output voltage.
In the mode, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S2 are turned off at the same time, the switch tube S3 is turned on, and the power supply V1, the energy storage inductor L1 and the energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to supply power to the rear end of the DC/DC converter (V1-L1-S3-L2-D2-C3-V1), (V1-L1-S3-L2-C1-D4-R-V1); a power supply V1, an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2 and a capacitor C1 supply power to a load end through a diode D4; the power supply V1, the energy storage inductor L1 and the energy storage inductor L2 charge the capacitor C3 through the diode D2, the currents of the energy storage inductors L1 and L2 are linearly reduced, and the energy flow diagram of the DC/DC converter is shown in the attached figure 5.
From the above analysis and the accompanying fig. 4 and 5, it can be derived that the voltage equation in the inductive charging mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0002220726610000061
wherein U isC1、UC3Are respectively a capacitor C1、C3Voltage of (d); u shapeL1offAnd UL2offInductance L when the switch tube is turned off1And L2Voltage of (d); v2Is the converter output voltage.
By means of a pair of inductors L1And L2The boost ratio M of the DC/DC converter obtained by applying the volt-second equilibrium rule is shown in formula (3)
Figure BDA0002220726610000071
Wherein the duty cycle 0< d < 1.
The topological structure comprises a boosting structure formed by two inductors in two parts, and a switched capacitor structure at the rear end in another part. Compared with the existing topological structures (such as series input and parallel output Boost, multiphase staggered Boost, multiphase parallel Boost and the like), the number of devices used in the structure is obviously reduced, the complexity of the topological structure is greatly reduced, the volume of the system is reduced, and the power density of the system is increased by phase change. In addition, the structure has the advantages that the number of the adopted switching tubes is small, and the three switching tubes adopt a complementary driving mode, so that the control difficulty is reduced, the fault rate of the system can be effectively reduced, the stable operation of the system is ensured, and the robustness of the system is enhanced. The topological structure of the application also has advantages in the voltage stress of the power device, and because the rear-end output direct-current load side adopts two capacitors to be connected in series for voltage stress of the device is the maximum half of the output voltage, great convenience is brought to type selection of the device in practical engineering application, and cost can be saved. Due to the existence of the structure of the switched capacitor, the boost ratio of the converter is greatly improved to 2(1+ d)/1-d, the boost converter has the advantages that the traditional boost topological structure cannot compare with, and the requirement of the high boost ratio of the DC/DC converter for the high-power charging device of the electric automobile can be met. Moreover, the proposed topology is connected in common at the input and output ends, which brings great convenience in practical engineering application.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (2)

1. A DC/DC converter for a high-power charging device of an electric automobile is characterized by comprising a DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
the DC/DC converter main circuit (1) comprises a front-end boosting structure and a rear-end switch capacitor structure;
the front-end boosting structure comprises an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D1, a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2 and a switching tube S3;
the rear-end switch capacitor structure comprises a diode D2, a diode D3, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube S1, and the source of the switch tube S1 is connected with the negative end of a source V1;
the drain electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S1, and the source electrode of the switch tube S3 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode end of the power supply V1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the source electrode of the switch tube S3;
the other end of the inductor L2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, and the source of the switch tube S2 is connected with the negative end of the power supply V1;
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S2, the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the anode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D4 is the forward power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3;
the capacitor C2 is connected with the capacitor C3 in series, one end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the negative electrode of the diode D4, and one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative electrode end of the power supply V1;
the cathode of the diode D2 is also connected with the other end of the capacitor C2 and the other end of the capacitor C3;
the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
the output direct current load side of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1) adopts two capacitors to be connected in series for voltage division, so that the voltage stress of a device is maximally half of the output voltage;
the DC/DC converter main circuit (1) comprises an inductance charging mode and an inductance discharging mode;
the equivalent circuit of the inductive charging mode comprises a switching tube S1, a switching tube S2, a diode D1, an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D3, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of a switch tube S1, and the source of the switch tube S1 is connected with the negative end of a source V1;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the anode end of the power supply V1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the other end of the energy storage inductor L2 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S2, and the source electrode of the switch tube S2 is connected with the negative electrode end of the power supply V1;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3;
the anode of the diode D3 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2, and the other end of the capacitor C2 is the positive power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the anode of the diode D3, and the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode end of the power supply V1;
the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
the equivalent circuit of the inductive discharge mode comprises a switching tube S3, an energy storage inductor L1, an energy storage inductor L2, a diode D2, a diode D4, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3;
one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the positive terminal of a power supply V1; the other end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected with the drain of the switch tube S3, and the source of the switch tube S3 is connected with one end of the energy storage inductor L2;
the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the other end of the energy storage inductor L2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with one end of the capacitor C2; one end of the capacitor C2 is also connected with one end of the capacitor C3; the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the negative electrode end of a power supply V1; the other end of the capacitor C2 is connected with the cathode of the diode D4;
one end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the anode of the diode D4;
the cathode of the diode D4 is the positive power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1); the negative pole end of the power supply V1 is the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1).
2. The DC/DC converter for the high-power charging device of the electric automobile according to claim 1, further comprising a DC/DC converter control circuit (2), wherein the DC/DC converter control circuit (2) comprises a protection circuit (201), a DSP system (202), a voltage sensor (203) and a current sensor (204);
the voltage sensor (203) is used for collecting the voltage V2 between the positive power supply signal output end and the negative power supply signal output end of the DC/DC converter main circuit (1) and the output voltage of a power supply V1, and the signal output end of the voltage sensor (203) is connected with the voltage collecting signal input end of the DSP system (202);
the current sensor (204) simultaneously acquires current signals of an inductor L1 and an inductor L2, and a current signal output end of the current sensor (204) is connected with a current acquisition signal input end of the DSP system (202);
a reference voltage/current signal is input into a reference voltage/current signal input end of the DSP system (202); the DSP system (202) compares the received target voltage signal with the output voltage at the direct current side, calculates a duty ratio control signal of the switching tube according to a comparison result by utilizing a PI control algorithm and a closed-loop control method, and outputs the duty ratio control signal of the switching tube obtained by calculation to a protection circuit (201) as a driving signal of the switching tube;
the switch tube driving signal output end of the protection circuit (201) is simultaneously connected with the grid electrode of a switch tube S1, the grid electrode of a switch tube S2 and the grid electrode of a switch tube S3 in the DC/DC converter main circuit (1);
the protection circuit (201) is used for detecting whether the driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, and when the detected driving signal is over-current or over-voltage, the output of the switch driving signal is stopped.
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