CN110618254A - Test device for measuring saline soil collapsibility - Google Patents
Test device for measuring saline soil collapsibility Download PDFInfo
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- CN110618254A CN110618254A CN201911003719.XA CN201911003719A CN110618254A CN 110618254 A CN110618254 A CN 110618254A CN 201911003719 A CN201911003719 A CN 201911003719A CN 110618254 A CN110618254 A CN 110618254A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for measuring the collapsibility of saline soil, which comprises a sample storage device, a loading device, a water injection device and a measuring device, wherein the sample storage device is used for storing a sample; the device comprises a sample storage device, a test device and a test system, wherein the sample storage device is used for filling soil to be tested and comprises a cylindrical barrel with an opening at the upper end, at least one group of circular hole groups is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical barrel along the axis direction of the cylindrical barrel, each group of circular hole groups at least comprises two circular holes distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical barrel in an array mode, and the device can adjust the amount of a soil sample according to different requirements and different soil qualities to perform a simulation test; the device can effectively observe the test phenomenon and progress through the transparent glass; the device can improve the angle and the amount of water injection through different circular hole groups, and can be widely popularized in the fields of saline soil collapsibility measurement tests and the like based on the reason.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline soil collapsibility detection, in particular to a test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility.
Background
At present, saline soil is a special regional soil and is distributed in various countries in the world. China is also one of the countries with wide distribution of saline soil, and is mainly distributed in low-level basins in northwest arid regions and some lake basin depressions in plains, northwest plains and Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and besides, the coastal regions also have the distribution of the saline soil in a certain area. The engineering characteristics of saline soil in different areas are greatly different, and the engineering characteristics of the saline soil in the same area are also greatly different. The same important role of the collapse deformation and the salt expansion is played in three major hazards of the saline soil to the formation of highway engineering. When the building construction is carried out in the saline soil area, because the foundation is soaked in water, the salts are dissolved in water, the strength is obviously reduced, and the corrosion phenomenon is generated, so that the foundation is seriously unstable, and the great economic loss is caused for the country.
In addition, there are many practical problems in engineering investigation, soil engineering test, and engineering design and construction, and further research is needed. Geotechnical tests are always one of the key points of civil engineering tests, and a plurality of tests which cannot be solved on site need to be developed indoors, so that a plurality of indoor geotechnical test equipment are promoted, and the test result is directly influenced by the quality of the test equipment, which is particularly important.
Therefore, a test device for detecting the saline soil caving coefficient is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for measuring the solubility of saline soil, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility comprises a sample storage device, a loading device, a water injection device and a measuring device;
the sample storage device is used for filling soil to be detected, the sample storage device comprises a cylindrical barrel with an opening at the upper end, at least one group of circular hole groups is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical barrel along the axis direction of the cylindrical barrel, each group of circular hole groups at least comprises two circular holes distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical barrel in an array mode, and each circular hole is provided with a rubber plug for plugging in a matching mode;
the loading device is used for compacting soil filled in the cylindrical barrel, and comprises a lower cover which is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, the lower cover is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, and the middle position of the upper end of the lower cover is connected with an upper cover for placing weights through a connecting rod;
the water injection device is used for supplying water to the soil inside the sample storage device, the water injection device includes circular glass tube base and sets up circular glass tube on the circular glass tube base, the below of circular glass tube and the one end UNICOM of rubber pipe, the one end and one of them of rubber pipe round hole UNICOM is close to be equipped with the choke valve on the circular glass tube of rubber pipe.
The measuring device comprises a dial indicator arranged above the lower cover, and the detection end of the dial indicator is connected with the lower cover.
As a further scheme of the invention: the weight of each weight is 1kg, and the diameter of the upper cover is half of that of the lower cover.
As a further scheme of the invention: the diameter of the round hole is 5cm, and the internal diameter, the height and the thickness of the cylindrical barrel are respectively as follows: 100mm, 200mm, 10 mm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the measuring device further comprises a support connected with the dial indicator, the lower end of the support is connected with the storage device base, and a groove matched with the cylindrical barrel is formed in the upper end face of the storage device base.
As a further scheme of the invention: scales are marked on the outer wall of the sample storage device and the outer wall of the round glass tube.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cylindrical barrel is made of transparent organic glass.
As a further scheme of the invention: the number of the circular hole groups is three, and the distance between every two adjacent circular hole groups is 30 cm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the sample storage device is also provided with an auxiliary cutting part, the auxiliary cutting part comprises a fixing ring which is rotatably arranged at an upper port of the cylindrical barrel, the fixing ring is connected with a cutting rod through a positioning rod, the cutting rod is arranged in a gap between the lower cover and the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, the cutting rod is not in contact with the lower cover, the outer side of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a driving motor, and the output end of the driving motor is provided with a power gear which is meshed with a driven gear ring at the outer side of the fixing ring;
the lower end of the lower cover is provided with a telescopic rod, the lower end of the telescopic rod is provided with a telescopic sleeve connected with the bottom of the cylindrical barrel in a sliding manner, and the lower cover stably slides downwards due to the cooperation of the telescopic rod and the telescopic sleeve.
As a further scheme of the invention: the auxiliary dividing component also comprises a tamping component which generates vertical vibration to the sample storage device, the soil in the sample storage device is tamped more in the early stage by the vibration force generated by the tamping component, and gaps generated by the subsidence are filled more easily during detection, so that the soil height is reduced more obviously;
the tamping assembly comprises at least two tamping guide rods symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the storage device base, a tamping guide sleeve connected with the base is sleeved at the lower end of each tamping guide rod in a sliding mode, a reset spring connected with the tamping guide rods is arranged inside each tamping guide sleeve, a rotary rod is arranged on a bearing seat at the upper right side of the base in a rotating mode, an eccentric wheel is arranged at one end of the rotary rod, a roller piece corresponding to the eccentric wheel is arranged at the lower end of the storage device base where the eccentric wheel is located, fixing shafts are arranged at two ends of the roller piece in a rotating mode and fixedly connected with the storage device base, and the other end of the rotary rod is connected with a driving motor in a.
As a further scheme of the invention: the belt wheel mechanism comprises a driving belt wheel arranged at the output end of the driving motor and a driven belt wheel arranged at the upper end of the transmission rod, the driving belt wheel and the driven belt wheel are connected through belt transmission, a positioning bearing is arranged on the transmission rod in a penetrating mode, the outer ring of the positioning bearing is connected with the sample storage device through a positioning rod, and a driving gear meshed with the driven gear at the end part of the rotating rod is arranged at the lower end of the transmission rod.
A detection method of a test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility comprises the following steps: adding saline soil with different contents into a sample storage device, compacting a saline soil sample by using a fixed cover and an applied weight, after compaction, selecting 1-2 circular holes to inject water by using a rubber guide pipe according to the content of the soil sample in the sample storage device, plugging the rest circular holes by using a detachable rubber plug, continuously adding the weight in the water injection process, and detecting the compression degree of the soil sample by using a dial indicator so as to finish a saline soil collapsibility measurement test;
the shaking force generated by the tamping assembly enables the soil in the sample storage device to be tamped more in the earlier stage, and the gap generated by the subsidence is filled and leveled more easily during detection, so that the height of the soil is reduced more obviously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can adjust the amount of the soil sample according to different requirements and different soil qualities to perform a simulation test; the device can effectively observe the test phenomenon and progress through the transparent glass; the device can improve the angle and the amount of water injection through water injection of different circular hole groups, and can be widely popularized in the fields of saline soil collapsibility measurement tests and the like on the basis of the reason;
through setting up supplementary part of cutting apart, avoid soil column all around and the barrel inner wall between the adsorption affinity influence that produces to the detection of collapsing, have helped improving the effect of collapsing like this, improved the accuracy of experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fixing ring in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a sample storage device 1, a circular hole group 11, a circular hole 12, a rubber plug 13, a loading device 2, a lower cover 21, a connecting rod 22, an upper cover 23, a weight 24, a water injection device 3, a circular glass tube base 31, a circular glass tube 32, a rubber guide tube 33, scales 34, a measuring device 4, a storage device base 41, a groove 42, a bracket 43, a dial indicator 44, an auxiliary dividing component 5, a fixing ring 51, a dividing rod 52, an expansion link 53, an expansion sleeve 54, a power gear 55 and a driving motor 56;
driven pulley 60, driving pulley 61, transmission rod 62, positioning bearing 63, driving gear 64, driven gear 65, rotating rod 66, eccentric wheel 67, roller element 68, guide rod 69, return spring 610 and guide sleeve 611.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a test apparatus for measuring the collapsibility of saline soil includes a sample storage device 1, a loading device 2, a water injection device 3, and a measuring device 4;
sample storage device 1 is used for filling and waits to detect soil, sample storage device 1 includes upper end open-ended cylinder type barrel, cylinder type barrel lateral wall is equipped with at least a set of round hole group 11 along its axis direction, and every group round hole group 11 includes two array distribution at the round hole 12 in the cylindrical barrel outside at least, and every round hole 12 all cooperates and is equipped with a plug 13 that is used for playing the shutoff effect.
The diameter of the round hole 12 is 5cm, and the inner diameter, the height and the thickness of the cylindrical barrel are respectively as follows: 100mm, 200mm, 10 mm.
Loading device 2 is used for carrying out the compaction processing to filling at the inside soil of cylindrical barrel, loading device 2 includes sliding fit at the lower cover 21 of cylindrical barrel inner wall, lower cover 21 and cylindrical barrel inner wall clearance fit, the upper end intermediate position of lower cover 21 is passed through connecting rod 22 and is connected the upper cover 23 that is used for placing weight 24, and the weight of every weight 24 is 1kg, the diameter of upper cover 23 is half of lower cover 21 diameter, and the later stage is through placing weight 24 on upper cover 24 to produce the holding down force to lower cover 21, in order to accomplish the compaction processing to soil.
Water injection device 3 is used for supplying water to the inside soil of sample storage device 1, water injection device 3 includes circular glass pipe base 31 and sets up circular glass pipe 32 on the circular glass pipe base 31, the below of circular glass pipe 32 and the one end UNICOM of rubber pipe 33, the one end of rubber pipe 33 and one of them round hole 12 UNICOM is close to be equipped with the choke valve on the circular glass pipe 32 of rubber pipe 33, the water through among the circular glass pipe 32 of choke valve control gets into the inside water yield of sample storage device 1.
The measuring device 4 is connected with the top of the lower cover 21 of the loading device 2 at the detecting end thereof for detecting the moving amplitude of the lower cover 21, the moving amplitude of the lower cover 21 means the sinking value of the soil, and the measuring device 4 comprises a dial indicator 44 arranged above the lower cover 21, and the detecting end of the dial indicator 44 is connected with the lower cover 21.
The measuring device 4 further comprises a support 43 connected with a dial indicator 44, the lower end of the support 43 is connected with a storage device base 41, and a groove 42 matched with the cylindrical barrel is formed in the upper end face of the storage device base 41.
The outer wall of the sample storage device 1 and the outer wall of the circular glass tube 32 are both marked with scales 34.
The cylindrical barrel is made of transparent organic glass.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is: the number of the circular hole groups 11 is three, and the distance between adjacent circular hole groups is 30 cm;
the first group of round hole groups comprises two round holes 12 with the diameter of 5 mm; a second group of circular hole groups 11 are arranged at the position of 30mm above the first group of circular hole groups 11, and the second group of circular hole groups 11 comprise two circular holes 12 with the diameter of 5 mm; a third group of round holes 11 is arranged at the position 30mm away from the second group of round holes 11, and the third group of round holes 11 comprise two round holes 12 with the diameter of 5 mm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: under the user state, according to the test requirement add the salinized soil of different content in to sample storage device 1, utilize fixed lid and apply weight 24 and carry out the compaction to the salinized soil sample, treat the compaction back, according to what of soil sample content in sample storage device 1, 1 ~ 2 round holes 12 of reselecting utilize rubber pipe 33 to carry out the water injection, all the other round holes 12 are plugged up with dismantling plug 13, the water injection in-process, continuously add puts weight 24 to observe soil sample compression phenomenon, accomplish salinized soil cave-in nature measurement test.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3-4, in order to avoid the absorption force generated between the periphery of the soil column and the inner wall of the cylinder from affecting the detection of collapse, the sample storage device 1 is further provided with an auxiliary dividing member 5, the auxiliary dividing member 5 includes a fixing ring 51 rotatably disposed at the upper end of the cylindrical cylinder, the fixing ring 51 is connected to a dividing rod 52 through a positioning rod, the dividing rod 52 is disposed in the gap between the lower cover 21 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cylinder, the dividing rod 52 is not in contact with the lower cover 21, the outer side of the cylindrical cylinder is provided with a driving motor 56, the output end of the driving motor 56 is provided with a power gear 55 engaged with a driven gear ring at the outer side of the fixing ring 51, the driving motor 56 is matched with gear transmission to drive the fixing ring 51 to rotate, the fixing ring 51 drives the dividing rod 52 to divide the inner wall of the cylinder from the soil column when, therefore, the collapse effect is improved, and the accuracy of the experiment is improved;
in order to enable the lower cover 21 to ascend and descend more stably, the lower end of the lower cover 21 is provided with an expansion rod 53, a telescopic sleeve 54 connected with the bottom of the cylindrical barrel is sleeved at the lower end of the expansion rod 53 in a sliding mode, and the lower cover 21 stably slides downwards due to the matching of the expansion rod 53 and the telescopic sleeve 54.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, the auxiliary partitioning member 5 further includes a tamping unit for generating vertical vibration to the sample storage device 1, and the soil inside the sample storage device 1 is tamped more in the early stage by the vibration force generated by the tamping unit, and the gap generated by the subsidence is filled more easily during the detection, so that the soil height is reduced more obviously;
the tamping assembly comprises at least two tamping guide rods 69 symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the storage device base 41, a tamping guide sleeve 611 linked with the base is slidably sleeved at the lower end of the tamping guide rods 69, a return spring 610 linked with the tamping guide rods 69 is arranged in the tamping guide sleeve 611, a rotating rod is rotatably arranged on a bearing seat at the upper right side of the base, one end of the rotating rod is provided with an eccentric wheel 67, the lower end of the storage device base 41 where the eccentric wheel 67 is located is provided with a roller piece 68 corresponding to the eccentric wheel, two ends of the roller piece 68 are rotatably provided with fixing shafts, the fixing shafts are fixedly connected with the storage device base 41, and the other end of the rotating rod is in transmission connection with the driving motor 56 through a belt wheel mechanism;
the driving motor 56 is matched with the belt wheel mechanism to drive the rotating rod 66 to rotate, the rotating rod 66 drives the eccentric wheel 67 to intermittently generate an acting force on the roller piece 68, so that the sample storage device 1 moves upwards, and then the resetting of the resetting spring 610 is matched, so that the sample storage device 1 continuously jolts, soil in the sample storage device 1 is continuously tamped, the accuracy of an experiment can be improved, and the experiment effect is more obvious;
the belt wheel mechanism comprises a driving belt wheel 61 arranged at the output end of the driving motor 56 and a driven belt wheel 60 arranged at the upper end of a transmission rod 62, the driving belt wheel 61 and the driven belt wheel 60 are in transmission connection through a belt, a positioning bearing 63 penetrates through the transmission rod 62, the outer ring of the positioning bearing 63 is connected with the sample storage device 1 through a positioning rod, and a driving gear 64 meshed with a driven gear 65 at the end part of a rotating rod 66 is arranged at the lower end of the transmission rod 62;
while the driving motor 56 drives the dividing rod 52 to divide, the belt pulley mechanism also converts the output power of the driving motor 56 into the rotational force of the rotating rod 66, so that the sample storage device 1 vibrates up and down to complete the tamping operation.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility comprises a sample storage device (1), a loading device (2), a water injection device (3) and a measuring device (4);
the soil sample storage device is characterized in that the sample storage device (1) is used for filling soil to be detected, the sample storage device (1) comprises a cylindrical barrel with an opening at the upper end, at least one group of circular hole groups (11) is arranged on the side wall of the cylindrical barrel along the axis direction of the cylindrical barrel, each group of circular hole groups (11) at least comprises two circular holes (12) distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical barrel in an array manner, and each circular hole (12) is provided with a rubber plug (13) in a matching manner for plugging;
the loading device (2) is used for compacting soil filled in the cylindrical barrel, the loading device (2) comprises a lower cover (21) which is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, the lower cover (21) is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, and the middle position of the upper end of the lower cover (21) is connected with an upper cover (23) used for placing a weight (24) through a connecting rod (22);
the water injection device (3) is used for supplying water to soil inside the sample storage device (1), the water injection device (3) comprises a circular glass tube base (31) and a circular glass tube (32) arranged on the circular glass tube base (31), the lower part of the circular glass tube (32) is communicated with one end of a rubber guide tube (33), one end of the rubber guide tube (33) is communicated with one of the round holes (12), and a throttle valve is arranged on the circular glass tube (32) close to the rubber guide tube (33);
the detection end of the measuring device (4) is connected with the top of the lower cover (21) of the loading device (2) and used for detecting the movement amplitude of the lower cover (21), the movement amplitude of the lower cover (21) means the soil subsidence value, the measuring device (4) comprises a dial indicator (44) arranged above the lower cover (21), and the detection end of the dial indicator (44) is connected with the lower cover (21).
2. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility of claim 1, wherein each weight (24) has a weight of 1 kg.
3. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the upper cover (23) is half of the diameter of the lower cover (21).
4. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the circular hole (12) is 5cm, and the inner diameter, height and thickness of the cylindrical barrel are respectively as follows: 100mm, 200mm, 10 mm.
5. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility of claim 1, wherein the measuring device (4) further comprises a bracket (43) connected with a dial indicator (44), the lower end of the bracket (43) is connected with a storage device base (41), and the upper end surface of the storage device base (41) is provided with a groove (42) matched with the cylindrical barrel.
6. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the sample storage device (1) and the outer wall of the circular glass tube (32) are marked with scales (34).
7. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility according to claim 5, wherein the sample storage device (1) is further provided with an auxiliary dividing component (5), the auxiliary dividing component (5) comprises a fixing ring (51) rotatably arranged at an upper port of the cylindrical barrel, the fixing ring (51) is connected with a dividing rod (52) through a positioning rod, the dividing rod (52) is arranged in a gap between the lower cover (21) and the inner wall of the cylindrical barrel, the dividing rod (52) is not in contact with the lower cover (21), a driving motor (56) is installed on the outer side of the cylindrical barrel, and an output end of the driving motor (56) is provided with a power gear (55) meshed with a driven gear ring on the outer side of the fixing ring (51); the lower end of the lower cover (21) is provided with a telescopic rod (53), the lower end of the telescopic rod (53) is provided with a telescopic sleeve (54) connected with the bottom of the cylindrical barrel in a sliding mode, and the lower cover (21) stably slides downwards due to the cooperation of the telescopic rod (53) and the telescopic sleeve (54).
8. The test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility according to claim 7, wherein the auxiliary dividing member (5) further comprises a tamping unit for vibrating the sample storage device (1) up and down, the soil inside the sample storage device (1) is tamped more at the early stage by the vibration force generated by the tamping unit, and the gap generated by the collapsibility is filled more easily during detection, so that the soil height is reduced more obviously; the subassembly that tamps includes that the symmetry sets up two at least tamping guide bars (69) at storage device base (41) lower extreme, the slip cover of tamping guide bar (69) lower extreme is equipped with tamping uide bushing (611) that is linked with the base, inside reset spring (610) that is linked with tamping guide bar (69) of being equipped with of tamping uide bushing (611), it is equipped with the rotary rod to rotate on the bearing frame of the upper right side of base, rotary rod one end is equipped with eccentric wheel (67), and storage device base (41) lower extreme at eccentric wheel (67) place is equipped with corresponding roller spare (68) with it, and roller spare (68) both ends are rotated and are equipped with the fixed axle, and the fixed axle is connected fixedly with storage device base (41), the rotary rod other end passes through band pulley mechanism and is connected with driving motor (56) transmission.
9. The test device for measuring saline soil collapsibility of claim 8, wherein the pulley mechanism comprises a driving pulley (61) arranged at the output end of the driving motor (56) and a driven pulley (60) arranged at the upper end of a transmission rod (62), the driving pulley (61) and the driven pulley (60) are connected through a belt transmission, a positioning bearing (63) is arranged on the transmission rod (62) in a penetrating manner, the outer ring of the positioning bearing (63) is connected with the sample storage device (1) through a positioning rod, and a driving gear (64) meshed with a driven gear (65) at the end of the rotation rod (66) is arranged at the lower end of the transmission rod (62).
10. A test method of a test device for measuring the saline soil collapsibility according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that saline soil with different contents is added into a sample storage device (1), a fixed cover and an application weight (24) are used for compacting a saline soil sample, after compaction, 1-2 round holes (12) are selected according to the soil sample content in the sample storage device (1) and are injected with water by using a rubber conduit (33), the rest round holes (12) are plugged by using a detachable rubber plug (13), the weight (24) is continuously added and released during water injection, the soil sample compression degree is detected by a dial indicator (44), so that the saline soil collapsibility test is completed, and by arranging an auxiliary dividing part (5), the collapse detection is prevented from being influenced by the adsorption force generated between the periphery of a soil column and the inner wall of a barrel body, so that the collapse effect is improved, the accuracy of the experiment is improved.
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