CN110618030A - High-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading - Google Patents

High-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110618030A
CN110618030A CN201910874579.7A CN201910874579A CN110618030A CN 110618030 A CN110618030 A CN 110618030A CN 201910874579 A CN201910874579 A CN 201910874579A CN 110618030 A CN110618030 A CN 110618030A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pressure
electromagnet
bearing
loading
pressing plate
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CN201910874579.7A
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CN110618030B (en
Inventor
冯夏庭
于小军
田军
高继开
周扬一
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen

Abstract

A high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading comprises a bottom plate, a pressure-bearing base, a second pressure-bearing base, an outer frame, an inner frame and an electric cylinder actuator, wherein the outer frame is arranged on the bottom plate and is adjustable in position, the inner frame is arranged on the pressure-bearing base and is adjustable in position, and the inner frame and the outer frame can pass through the outer frame; four electric cylinder actuators are distributed on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the inner frame, one electric cylinder actuator is arranged on the front vertical beam of the outer frame, and the rear vertical beam of the outer frame is a reaction column; the left vertical beam of the inner frame is provided with a one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism, and the electric cylinder actuator is connected with the left vertical beam of the inner frame through the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism; load measuring parts are arranged at the end parts of the piston rods of the five electric cylinder actuators and on the rear vertical beam of the outer frame, and a compression force transmission mechanism or a tension force transmission mechanism is arranged between the rock sample and the six load measuring parts; when the rock sample is subjected to a compression test, the rock sample is clamped through the full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism.

Description

High-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanical tests, and particularly relates to a high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading.
Background
The deep engineering rock mass is in a true three-dimensional stress state (sigma)1>σ2>σ3) The study shows that the median principal stress (σ)2) Has great influence on the mechanical property of rock mass, and has conventional three axes (sigma)1>σ2＝σ3) Mechanical tests cannot accurately reproduce the deformation and destruction behaviors of the rock mass.
In addition, the large deformation of soft rock under the condition of high ground stress is a great geological disaster problem which troubles the tunnel and underground engineering world and becomes a worldwide technical problem of underground engineering, and the international rock engineering world generally requires soft rock true triaxial test equipment to explain the deformation failure behavior and mechanical mechanism of the soft rock under the real complex stress state.
Furthermore, the true triaxial unloading test is widely applied as an important means for simulating excavation disturbance to induce geological disasters, and a rock deformation destruction mechanism under a unidirectional rapid unloading condition is also a hot topic in the field of rock mechanics tests, and the rock true triaxial testing machine is generally expected to introduce an instantaneous unloading function in the industry.
In addition, currently, most of rock strength theories of a seventh quadrant three-way stretch and other two-way and three-way stretch sections of a stress space are in a guessing stage, and data verification of a multi-axis stretch test is lacked, and for actual engineering, the stress state of a rock unit with a certain distance from the surface of a side wall after roadway excavation is required to be 'two-pressing one-pulling', the stress state is one of induction factors of geological disasters such as rock burst and caving, and therefore, the development of a rock tensile failure test is very necessary.
At present, most of existing soft rock true triaxial testing machines adopt an outer frame and inner frame orthogonal arrangement mode, four loading oil cylinders are arranged in the upper direction, the lower direction, the front direction and the rear direction of the outer frame, the inner frame adopts a self-balancing structure and is provided with one loading oil cylinder, so that true triaxial six-face stress loading simulation is realized, and the loading oil cylinder arranged on the rear side of the outer frame can realize single-face rapid unloading.
However, the existing soft rock true triaxial testing machine adopts an oil cylinder to provide power, so that the energy consumption in the loading process is large, and the environment is polluted to a certain extent; furthermore, the inner frame of the existing soft rock true triaxial testing machine adopts a pressure transmission column, which can reduce the overall rigidity of the true triaxial testing machine, so that the post-peak mechanical behavior of a rock sample is difficult to obtain; in addition, the existing soft rock true triaxial testing machine adopts oil pressure to provide unloading power, and the mode of adopting oil pressure to provide unloading power can meet the requirement of rapid unloading rate to a certain extent, but the oil pressure unloading has the defects of large resource waste and easy environmental pollution, and when the oil pressure is too large, not only is large impact on an oil pipeline and dangerous accidents easily occur, but also the matched hydraulic station has the defect of huge volume, so that the space occupancy rate is high and the cost is increased; finally, most of the existing soft rock true triaxial testing machines can not provide a three-dimensional tensile testing platform, and the research on the mechanical behavior of the rock in a multi-axis tensile stress state can not be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading, which abandons the traditional loading mode of providing power by oil pressure and adopts clean and pollution-free electric energy to provide power for the testing machine instead; the inner frame and the outer frame of the testing machine are of an integral casting structure and are formed in a machining mode, so that the rigidity of the whole testing machine is effectively improved, and a stress-strain full-process curve of a rock sample can be obtained; the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading device with a brand-new design is adopted, and has the characteristics of quick unloading response, controllable unloading rate, simple structure, space saving and environmental protection; a compression force transmission mechanism and a tension force transmission mechanism which are newly designed are adopted and can be freely replaced, so that a multi-axis compression test and a multi-axis tension test are conveniently carried out.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading comprises a bottom plate, a first pressure-bearing base, a second pressure-bearing base, an outer frame, an inner frame, a first electric cylinder actuator, a second electric cylinder actuator, a third electric cylinder actuator, a fourth electric cylinder actuator and a fifth electric cylinder actuator; the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate side by side; the outer frame is in a square shape, and is formed by adopting an integral casting structure and machining; the outer frame is positioned in a gap between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, an outer frame guide rail is fixedly arranged on a bottom plate between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, the outer frame guide rail is of a parallel double-rail structure, an outer frame guide wheel is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame, the outer frame is arranged on the outer frame guide rail through the outer frame guide wheel, and the outer frame can linearly move along the outer frame guide rail; an inner frame guide rail is connected between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, the inner frame guide rail adopts a parallel double-track structure, and the inner frame guide rail penetrates through a middle square hole of the outer frame; the shape of the inner frame is square, and the inner frame is formed by adopting an integral casting structure and a machining mode; an inner frame guide wheel is installed at the bottom of the inner frame, the inner frame is arranged on an inner frame guide rail through the inner frame guide wheel, and the inner frame can move linearly along the inner frame guide rail; the first electric cylinder actuator, the second electric cylinder actuator, the third electric cylinder actuator and the fourth electric cylinder actuator are sequentially arranged on a top cross beam, a bottom cross beam, a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam of the inner frame, the fifth electric cylinder actuator is arranged on a front vertical beam of the outer frame, and a rear vertical beam of the outer frame is used as a reaction column; a unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism is arranged on the left vertical beam of the inner frame, and the third electric cylinder actuator is connected with the left vertical beam of the inner frame through the unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism; load measuring pieces are respectively arranged on the end parts of the piston rods of the first electric cylinder actuator, the second electric cylinder actuator, the third electric cylinder actuator, the fourth electric cylinder actuator and the fifth electric cylinder actuator and on the rear vertical beam of the outer frame, and a compression force transmission mechanism or a tension force transmission mechanism is respectively arranged between the rock sample and the six load measuring pieces; when the rock sample is subjected to a compression test, the rock sample is clamped through the full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism.
The unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism comprises a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a first electromagnet mounting seat, a second electromagnet mounting seat and a restraint disc; an unloading mechanism mounting hole is formed in the left vertical beam of the inner frame; the first electromagnet mounting seat is of a cylindrical structure, a cylinder wall is arranged at a cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, the cylinder wall is not arranged at the other side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, the first electromagnet mounting seat is fixedly arranged in the unloading mechanism mounting hole through a bolt, the cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is provided with the cylinder wall, faces the center of the middle square hole of the inner frame, and the cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is not provided with the cylinder wall, faces the outside of the frame; the first electromagnet is of an annular structure, is fixedly arranged on the first electromagnet mounting seat through a bolt and is coaxially arranged with the first electromagnet mounting seat; the restraint plate is in an annular structure, is positioned outside a cylinder opening on one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is not provided with the cylinder wall, is fixedly arranged on a left vertical beam of the inner frame through a bolt, and is coaxially arranged with the first electromagnet mounting seat; the second electromagnet mounting seat is in a circular structure and is positioned between the restraint disc and the first electromagnet, the second electromagnet mounting seat has axial movement freedom between the restraint disc and the first electromagnet, and the maximum distance between the second electromagnet mounting seat and the first electromagnet is set as an unloading gap; the second electromagnet mounting seat and the first electromagnet are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet is of an annular structure and is fixedly arranged on the second electromagnet mounting seat through a bolt, the second electromagnet is opposite to the first electromagnet, and the second electromagnet mounting seat are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet mounting seat is fixedly sleeved on a cylinder body of a third electric cylinder actuator, a piston rod through hole is formed in the center of the cylinder wall of the opening of the first electromagnet mounting seat, and a piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator penetrates through the piston rod through hole and is fixedly connected with the load measuring part; the first electromagnet mounting seat and the second electromagnet mounting seat are both made of magnetism isolating materials.
An anti-friction material layer is additionally arranged on the inner surface of the lateral cylinder wall of the first electromagnet mounting seat, and the second electromagnet mounting seat is in sliding contact fit with the anti-friction material layer; the inner surface of the restraint plate is additionally provided with a buffer layer, the buffer layer is made of a spring pad or a rubber pad, and kinetic energy of the second electromagnet, the second electromagnet mounting seat and the third electric cylinder actuator during unloading is eliminated through the buffer layer so as to reduce impact force on the inner frame.
The coil of the first electromagnet and the coil of the second electromagnet are both connected with a power supply through the unloading controller, and the magnitude and the direction of current in the coil of the first electromagnet and the coil of the second electromagnet are regulated and controlled through the unloading controller, so that the magnitude and the direction of electromagnetic force of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are regulated and controlled.
The compression force transmission mechanism comprises a ball head bearing part, a ball socket bearing part, a vertical rolling row, a transverse rolling row, a bearing partition plate, a bearing base and a bearing force transmission part; one end of the ball head bearing part is a ball head end, the other end of the ball head bearing part is a plane end, one end of the ball socket bearing part is a ball socket end, and the other end of the ball socket bearing part is a plane end; the ball head end of the ball head pressure bearing part is in abutting contact fit with the ball socket end of the ball socket pressure bearing part, oil film lubrication is adopted between the ball head end of the ball head pressure bearing part and the ball socket end of the ball socket pressure bearing part, and the plane end of the ball head pressure bearing part is in abutting contact fit with the loading pressure plate; the plane end of the ball socket pressure-bearing part is in abutting fit with one side surface of the pressure-bearing partition plate through a vertical rolling row, the other side surface of the pressure-bearing partition plate is in abutting fit with one side surface of the pressure-bearing base through a transverse rolling row, one end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting part is connected with the other side surface of the pressure-bearing base through a thread, and the other end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting part is in threaded connection with the load measuring part.
The vertical rolling row and the transverse rolling row have the same structure and respectively comprise a plurality of cylindrical rollers and rolling row frames, the plurality of cylindrical rollers are embedded in the rolling row frames in parallel, and the diameters of the cylindrical rollers are larger than the thicknesses of the rolling row frames; the cylindrical rollers in the vertical rolling row are vertical to the cylindrical rollers in the transverse rolling row; the shape of the rolling frame is rectangular; the sliding friction force in the vertical direction between the ball head pressure-bearing part and the loading pressure plate is eliminated through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the vertical rolling row; the sliding friction force between the ball head pressure-bearing piece and the loading pressure plate in the horizontal direction is eliminated through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the transverse rolling row; centering springs are arranged between the ball head bearing part, the ball socket bearing part, the rolling row frame of the vertical rolling row, the rolling row frame of the transverse rolling row and the bearing partition plate as well as the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe along the circumferential direction, the centering springs are used for offsetting the dead weight of the ball head bearing part, the ball socket bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the bearing partition plate, and the ball head bearing part is kept in a reset centering state before loading.
A plurality of tension fixing springs are connected between the ball bearing piece and the bearing base and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the ball bearing piece, the ball socket bearing piece, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row, the bearing partition plate and the bearing base are sequentially pressed together along the axial direction through the tension fixing springs, and two ends of each tension fixing spring are fixedly connected with the ball bearing piece and the bearing base through spring fixing pieces; an upper brake shoe and a lower brake shoe are fixedly arranged on the pressure-bearing base through bolts, the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe are symmetrically distributed on the pressure-bearing base, the ball head pressure-bearing part, the ball socket pressure-bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the pressure-bearing partition plate are wrapped in the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe, and the movement of the ball head pressure-bearing part, the ball socket pressure-bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the pressure-bearing partition plate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is braked through the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe; the plane end of the ball head pressure-bearing part extends out of the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe to be in abutting contact fit with the loading pressure plate.
The stretching force transmission mechanism comprises a first force transmission arm, a second force transmission arm, a stretching cushion block, a cementing layer and a tensile force transmission piece; one end of the first force transmission arm is fixedly connected with one end of the tensile force transmission part in a threaded manner, the other end of the tensile force transmission part is fixedly connected with the load measuring part in a threaded manner, the other end of the first force transmission arm is hinged with one end of the second force transmission arm through a pin shaft, and the first force transmission arm and the second force transmission arm have rotational freedom degrees relative to the pin shaft at the hinged point; the other end of the second force transmission arm is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the stretching cushion block in a threaded manner, and the inner surface of the stretching cushion block is fixedly cemented with the rock sample through a cementing layer; the hinge holes of the first transmission arm and the second transmission arm are coaxially nested, the pin shaft is inserted into the two hinge holes which are coaxially nested, and the first transmission arm and the second transmission arm freely rotate around the pin shaft to eliminate stress concentration at the end part of the rock sample in the loading process.
The full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism comprises an upper loading pressing plate, a lower loading pressing plate, a left loading pressing plate, a right loading pressing plate, a front loading pressing plate and a rear loading pressing plate, the six loading pressing plates are all in a cuboid structure, a full-interlocking arrangement mode is adopted among the six loading pressing plates, a rock sample is wrapped in the center by the six loading pressing plates in the full-interlocking arrangement mode, and an anti-friction layer is arranged between the rock sample and the contact surfaces of the six loading pressing plates; the upper loading pressing plate, the lower loading pressing plate, the left loading pressing plate, the right loading pressing plate, the front loading pressing plate and the rear loading pressing plate are all made of high-strength transparent materials; the device comprises an upper loading pressure plate, a lower loading pressure plate, a left loading pressure plate, a right loading pressure plate, a front loading pressure plate, a rear loading pressure plate, an upper and lower direction body-variable measuring piece, a left and right direction body-variable measuring piece, a front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece and a front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece, wherein the upper loading pressure plate and the lower loading pressure plate are connected with each other, the left and right direction body-variable measuring piece and the front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece are connected with each other between the left loading pressure plate and.
An upper acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the upper loading pressing plate, a lower acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the lower loading pressing plate, a left acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the left loading pressing plate, a right acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the right loading pressing plate, a front acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the front loading pressing plate, and a rear acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the rear loading pressing plate; the upper acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the lower acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the left acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the right acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the front acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole and the rear acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole are identical in structure and size, and are T-shaped in cross section; temporary connecting frames and temporary connecting bolts are arranged among the upper loading pressing plate, the lower loading pressing plate, the left loading pressing plate, the right loading pressing plate, the front loading pressing plate and the rear loading pressing plate and are used for assisting in assembling the rock sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading abandons the traditional loading mode of providing power by oil pressure, and adopts clean and pollution-free electric energy to provide power for the testing machine; the inner frame and the outer frame of the testing machine are of an integral casting structure and are formed in a machining mode, so that the rigidity of the whole testing machine is effectively improved, and a stress-strain full-process curve of a rock sample can be obtained; the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading device with a brand-new design is adopted, and has the characteristics of quick unloading response, controllable unloading rate, simple structure, space saving and environmental protection; a compression force transmission mechanism and a tension force transmission mechanism which are newly designed are adopted and can be freely replaced, so that a multi-axis compression test and a multi-axis tension test are conveniently carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a high rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester (using a compression force transfer mechanism) integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a high rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester (using a compression force transfer mechanism) integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a high rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester (using a tension force transfer mechanism) integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism (a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet are attracted under an electromagnetic attraction force) according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism (a first electromagnet and a second electromagnet are separated by an electromagnetic repulsion force) according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control schematic diagram of the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the compression force transfer mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view (in partial cross-section) of the compression force transfer mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view (partially in section) of the compression force transfer mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the tension force transfer mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the fully interlocked loading platen mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 11;
in the figure, 1-bottom plate, 2-first pressure-bearing base, 3-second pressure-bearing base, 4-outer frame, 5-inner frame, 6-first electric cylinder actuator, 7-second electric cylinder actuator, 8-third electric cylinder actuator, 9-fourth electric cylinder actuator, 10-fifth electric cylinder actuator, 11-outer frame guide rail, 12-outer frame guide wheel, 13-inner frame guide rail, 14-inner frame guide wheel, 15-unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism, 16-load measuring part, 17-rock sample, 18-compression force transmission mechanism, 19-tension force transmission mechanism, 20-full-interlocking type loading pressing plate mechanism, and 21-inner frame pushing mechanism; a1-a first electromagnet, A2-a second electromagnet, A3-a first electromagnet mounting seat, A4-a second electromagnet mounting seat, A5-a restraint plate, A7-an unloading mechanism mounting hole, A9-a piston rod through hole, A11-an antifriction material layer, A12-an unloading controller and A13-a power supply; b1-a ball head bearing part, B2-a ball socket bearing part, B3-a vertical rolling row, B4-a horizontal rolling row, B5-a bearing clapboard, B6-a bearing base, B7-a bearing force transmission part, B8-a tension fixing spring, B9-a spring fixing part, B10-an upper brake shoe, B11-a lower brake shoe and B12-a centering spring; c1-a first transmission arm, C2-a second transmission arm, C3-a stretching cushion block, C4-a cementing layer, C5-a tension-bearing transmission piece and C7-a pin shaft; d1-upper loading pressing plate, D2-lower loading pressing plate, D3-left loading pressing plate, D4-right loading pressing plate, D5-front loading pressing plate, D6-rear loading pressing plate, D8-up-down direction body variation measuring piece, D9-left-right direction body variation measuring piece, D10-front-rear direction body variation measuring piece, D11-upper acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D12-lower acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D13-left acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D14-right acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D15-front acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D16-rear acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, D17-temporary connecting frame, and D18-temporary connecting bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading comprises a bottom plate 1, a first pressure-bearing base 2, a second pressure-bearing base 3, an outer frame 4, an inner frame 5, a first electric cylinder actuator 6, a second electric cylinder actuator 7, a third electric cylinder actuator 8, a fourth electric cylinder actuator 9 and a fifth electric cylinder actuator 10; the first pressure-bearing base 2 and the second pressure-bearing base 3 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 1 side by side; the outer frame 4 is in a square shape, and the outer frame 4 is of an integral casting structure and is formed in a machining mode; the outer frame 4 is positioned in a gap between the first pressure-bearing base 2 and the second pressure-bearing base 3, an outer frame guide rail 11 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 1 between the first pressure-bearing base 2 and the second pressure-bearing base 3, the outer frame guide rail 11 adopts a parallel double-rail structure, an outer frame guide wheel 12 is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame 4, the outer frame 4 is arranged on the outer frame guide rail 11 through the outer frame guide wheel 12, and the outer frame 4 can linearly move along the outer frame guide rail 11; an inner frame guide rail 13 is connected between the first pressure-bearing base 2 and the second pressure-bearing base 3, the inner frame guide rail 13 adopts a parallel double-track structure, and the inner frame guide rail 13 penetrates through a middle square hole of the outer frame 4; the shape of the inner frame 5 is square, and the inner frame 5 is formed by adopting an integral casting structure and a machining mode; an inner frame guide wheel 14 is arranged at the bottom of the inner frame 5, the inner frame 5 is arranged on an inner frame guide rail 13 through the inner frame guide wheel 14, and the inner frame 5 can move linearly along the inner frame guide rail 13; the first electric cylinder actuator 6, the second electric cylinder actuator 7, the third electric cylinder actuator 8 and the fourth electric cylinder actuator 9 are sequentially arranged on a top cross beam, a bottom cross beam, a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam of the inner frame 5, the fifth electric cylinder actuator 10 is arranged on a front vertical beam of the outer frame 4, and a rear vertical beam of the outer frame 4 is used as a reaction column; a unidirectional fast electromagnetic unloading mechanism 15 is arranged on the left vertical beam of the inner frame 5, and the third electric cylinder actuator 8 is connected with the left vertical beam of the inner frame 5 through the unidirectional fast electromagnetic unloading mechanism 15; load measuring pieces 16 are respectively arranged on the end parts of the piston rods of the first electric cylinder actuator 6, the second electric cylinder actuator 7, the third electric cylinder actuator 8, the fourth electric cylinder actuator 9 and the fifth electric cylinder actuator 10 and on the rear vertical beam of the outer frame 4, and a compression force transmission mechanism 18 or a tension force transmission mechanism 19 is respectively arranged between the rock sample 17 and the six load measuring pieces 16; when the rock sample 17 is subjected to a compression test, the rock sample 17 is clamped by the fully interlocked loading platen mechanism 20.
In this embodiment, an inner frame pushing mechanism 21 is installed on the first pressure-bearing base 2, the inner frame pushing mechanism 21 includes an inner frame pushing driving motor, a worm gear reducer, a nut and a ball screw, the inner frame pushing driving motor is fixedly installed on the first pressure-bearing base 2, a motor shaft of the inner frame pushing driving motor is fixedly connected with a worm end of the worm gear reducer, the nut is fixedly sleeved in a worm wheel inner hole of the worm gear reducer, the ball screw is installed in the nut in a penetrating manner, one end of the ball screw is fixedly connected to an inner frame 5, and the ball screw is parallel to an inner frame guide rail 13.
In the embodiment, the rigidity of the outer frame 4 is not less than 1.0GN/m, and the rigidity of the inner frame 5 is not less than 0.7GN/m, so that a stress-strain whole process curve of the rock sample can be obtained; the maximum compression capacity of the first electric cylinder actuator 6 and the second electric cylinder actuator 7 is 300KN, the maximum compression capacity of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 and the fourth electric cylinder actuator 9 is 100KN, the maximum compression capacity of the fifth electric cylinder actuator 10 is 50KN, and the maximum tensile capacity of the five electric cylinder actuators is 50 KN; the unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism 15 can provide an unloading rate exceeding 200 KN/s; the front-back direction centering loading of the rock sample 17 is realized through the front-back adjustment outer frame 4, and the up-down and left-right direction centering loading of the rock sample 17 is realized through respectively controlling the loads or displacement of the first electric cylinder actuator 6, the second electric cylinder actuator 7, the third electric cylinder actuator 8 and the fourth electric cylinder actuator 9.
The loading and unloading process of the compression test of the rock sample 17 is as follows: firstly, completely moving out the inner frame 5 from the outer frame 4, clamping a rock sample 17 into a full-buckled loading pressing plate mechanism 20, then placing the combined body at the plane end of a ball bearing part B1 of a compression force transmission mechanism 18 where a second electric cylinder actuator 7 is located, then synchronously controlling the extension of the pistons of the first electric cylinder actuator 6 and the second electric cylinder actuator 7 and loading the pistons to a set prestress value, then synchronously controlling the extension of the pistons of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 and the fourth electric cylinder actuator 9 and loading the pistons to the set prestress value, and if a biaxial test is carried out, then loading can be carried out according to a set stress path; if true triaxial loading is carried out, the inner frame 5 which completes biaxial prestress loading is moved back to the center of the square hole of the outer frame 4, then a piston rod of the fifth electric cylinder actuator 10 is controlled to extend out and be loaded to a set prestress value, and then a true triaxial loading sample is carried out according to a set stress path; when a quick unloading test is required, quick unloading is completed through the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism 15, then the piston rod of the fifth electric cylinder actuator 10 is returned firstly, then the inner frame 5 is completely moved out of the outer frame 4 again, finally the piston rods of the first to fourth electric cylinder actuators are returned, unloading is finished, the combined body is unloaded, and finally the sample is disassembled.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the one-way quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism 15 includes a first electromagnet a1, a second electromagnet a2, a first electromagnet mounting seat A3, a second electromagnet mounting seat a4, and a restraining disk a 5; an unloading mechanism mounting hole A7 is formed in the left vertical beam of the inner frame 5; the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 is of a cylindrical structure, a cylinder wall is arranged at a cylinder opening on one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3, the cylinder wall is not arranged on the other side of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3, the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 is fixedly arranged in an unloading mechanism mounting hole A7 through a bolt, a cylinder opening on one side, provided with the cylinder wall, of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 faces the center of a square hole in the middle of the inner frame 5, and a cylinder opening on one side, not provided with the cylinder wall, of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 faces the outside of the frame; the first electromagnet A1 is of a circular ring structure, the first electromagnet A1 is fixedly mounted on the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 through bolts, and the first electromagnet A1 and the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 are coaxially arranged; the restraint plate A5 is of a circular structure, the restraint plate A5 is positioned on the outer side of a cylinder opening on one side, where the cylinder wall is not arranged, of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3, the restraint plate A5 is fixedly installed on a left vertical beam of the inner frame 5 through bolts, and the restraint plate A5 and the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 is of a circular structure, the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 is located between the restraint disc A5 and the first electromagnet A1, the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 has axial movement freedom between the restraint disc A5 and the first electromagnet A1, the maximum distance between the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 and the first electromagnet A1 is set as an unloading gap, and the unloading gap is more than or equal to 20 mm; the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 and the first electromagnet A1 are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet A2 is of a circular structure, the second electromagnet A2 is fixedly mounted on a second electromagnet mounting seat A4 through bolts, the second electromagnet A2 is opposite to the first electromagnet A1, and the second electromagnet A2 and the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 is fixedly sleeved on a cylinder body of a third electric cylinder actuator 8, a piston rod through hole A9 is formed in the center of the cylinder opening cylinder wall of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3, and a piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 penetrates through the piston rod through hole A9 and is fixedly connected with the load measuring part 16; the first electromagnet mounting seat A3 and the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 are both made of magnetism isolating materials.
An anti-friction material layer A11 is additionally arranged on the inner surface of the lateral cylinder wall of the first electromagnet mounting seat A3, and the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 is in sliding contact fit with the anti-friction material layer A11.
The coil of the first electromagnet A1 and the coil of the second electromagnet A2 are both connected with a power supply A13 through an unloading controller A12, and the magnitude and direction of current in the coils of the first electromagnet A1 and the second electromagnet A2 are regulated and controlled through the unloading controller A12, so that the magnitude and direction of electromagnetic force of the first electromagnet A1 and the second electromagnet A2 are regulated and controlled.
The inner surface of the restraint disc A5 is additionally provided with a buffer layer, the buffer layer is made of spring pads or rubber pads, and kinetic energy of the second electromagnet A2, the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 and the third electric cylinder actuator 8 during unloading is eliminated through the buffer layer so as to reduce impact force on the inner frame 5.
Before a sample is loaded, an unloading controller A12 is used for generating an electromagnetic attraction force of not less than 100kN between a first electromagnet A1 and a second electromagnet A2, so that the first electromagnet A1 and the second electromagnet A2 are closely attracted together, and at the moment, a third electric cylinder actuator 8 is fixedly connected with a left vertical beam of an inner frame 5 through the electromagnetic attraction force; entering a sample loading stage, ensuring that the electromagnetic attraction between the first electromagnet A1 and the second electromagnet A2 is unchanged, simultaneously starting the third electric cylinder actuator 8, and applying a load to the sample through a piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator 8; when a quick unloading test is required, the electromagnetic attraction between the first electromagnet A1 and the second electromagnet A2 is quickly changed into an electromagnetic repulsion not less than 50kN through the unloading controller A12, under the action of the electromagnetic repulsion, the second electromagnet A2, the second electromagnet mounting seat A4 and the third electric cylinder actuator 8 are quickly bounced, the load force exerted on a sample by a piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 is also instantaneously unloaded, and then the piston rod is controlled to retract; in the quick unloading process, the time spent by the second electromagnet A2 from the attraction state to the bouncing to the maximum unloading gap is not more than 0.2 s; after the rapid unloading is completed, if the piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 needs to be retracted continuously, the electromagnetic repulsion between the first electromagnet a1 and the second electromagnet a2 can be kept unchanged, and the retraction of the piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator 8 is completed at the same time.
As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the compression force-transmission mechanism 18 includes a ball bearing part B1, a ball bearing part B2, a vertical rolling row B3, a horizontal rolling row B4, a bearing partition B5, a bearing base B6, and a bearing force-transmission part B7; one end of the ball bearing piece B1 is a ball end, the other end of the ball bearing piece B1 is a plane end, one end of the ball bearing piece B2 is a ball socket end, and the other end of the ball bearing piece B2 is a plane end; the ball head end of the ball head bearing piece B1 is in abutting contact fit with the ball socket end of the ball socket bearing piece B2, the ball head end of the ball head bearing piece B1 and the ball socket end of the ball socket bearing piece B2 are lubricated by adopting an oil film, and the plane end of the ball head bearing piece B1 is in abutting contact fit with the loading pressure plate; the plane end of the ball socket pressure-bearing piece B2 is in abutting fit with one side surface of a pressure-bearing partition plate B5 through a vertical rolling row B3, the other side surface of the pressure-bearing partition plate B5 is in abutting fit with one side surface of a pressure-bearing base B6 through a transverse rolling row B4, one end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting piece B7 is connected with the other side surface of the pressure-bearing base B6 through threads, and the other end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting piece B7 is in threaded connection with the load measuring piece 16.
The vertical rolling row B3 and the transverse rolling row B4 are identical in structure and respectively comprise a plurality of cylindrical rollers and rolling row frames, the cylindrical rollers are embedded in the rolling row frames in parallel, and the diameters of the cylindrical rollers are larger than the thicknesses of the rolling row frames; the cylindrical rollers in the vertical roller row B3 are vertical to the cylindrical rollers in the transverse roller row B4; the shape of the rolling frame is rectangular; the sliding friction force in the vertical direction between the ball head pressure-bearing piece B1 and the loading pressure plate is eliminated through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the vertical rolling row B3; through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the transverse rolling row B4, the sliding friction force between the ball bearing piece B1 and the loading pressure plate in the horizontal direction is eliminated.
A plurality of tension fixing springs B8 are connected between the ball head bearing part B1 and the bearing base B6, the tension fixing springs B8 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the ball head bearing part B1, the ball head bearing part B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4, the bearing partition plate B5 and the bearing base B6 are sequentially pressed together along the axial direction through the tension fixing springs B8, and two ends of each tension fixing spring B8 are fixedly connected with the ball head bearing part B1 and the bearing base B6 through spring fixing parts B9.
An upper brake shoe B10 and a lower brake shoe B11 are fixedly mounted on the pressure bearing base B6 through bolts, the upper brake shoe B10 and the lower brake shoe B11 are symmetrically distributed on the pressure bearing base B6, the ball head pressure bearing part B1, the ball socket pressure bearing part B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the pressure bearing partition plate B5 are wrapped in the upper brake shoe B10 and the lower brake shoe B11, and the horizontal and vertical movements of the ball head pressure bearing part B1, the pressure bearing ball socket part B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the pressure bearing partition plate B5 are braked through the upper brake shoe B10 and the lower brake shoe B11; the plane end of the ball head bearing piece B1 extends out of the upper brake shoe B10 and the lower brake shoe B11 to be abutted and matched with the loading pressure plate.
Centering springs B12 are arranged between the ball head bearing part B1, the ball socket bearing part B2, the roller row frame of the vertical roller row B3, the roller row frame of the transverse roller row B4, the bearing partition plate B5, the upper brake shoe B8 and the lower brake shoe B9 along the circumferential direction, the centering springs B12 are used for offsetting the self weights of the ball head bearing part B1, the ball socket bearing part B2, the vertical roller row B3, the transverse roller row B4 and the bearing partition plate B5, and the ball head bearing part B1 is kept in a reset centering state before loading.
The principle for eliminating the stress concentration on the surface of the rock sample is as follows: due to the natural heterogeneity of the rock sample, if the processing precision of the rock sample is limited, the surface of the rock sample can be deformed non-uniformly and non-parallelly in the loading process, so that the interlocking type loading pressing plate can rotate rigidly, at the moment, because the ball end of the ball bearing piece 1 is in abutting contact fit with the ball socket end of the ball bearing piece 2, the ball end of the ball bearing piece B1 can rotate around the ball socket end center of the ball socket bearing piece B2, and the surface of the rock sample can be guaranteed to bear uniform normal load.
Principle for eliminating the effect of tangential sliding friction in the loading direction: after the mutually buckled loading pressure plate is subjected to the thrust exerted by the ball bearing piece B1, the mutually buckled loading pressure plate moves along the loading direction and simultaneously is subjected to the thrust action of other mutually buckled loading pressure plates in two directions perpendicular to the loading direction, so that the movement is generated in the two perpendicular directions, as the plane end of the ball bearing piece B1 is in static friction contact with the mutually buckled loading pressure plate, and the ball end of the ball bearing piece B1 is in rolling friction contact with the pressure bearing base B6 through the vertical rolling row B3 and the transverse rolling row B4, the ball bearing piece B1 moves synchronously along with the mutually buckled loading pressure plate, so that the additional load is converted into the rolling friction force of the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4, the ball bearing piece B2, the pressure bearing partition B5 and the pressure bearing base B6.
The reset centering principle of the ball head bearing part B1, the ball socket bearing part B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the bearing partition plate B5 is as follows: due to the adoption of the antifriction structure of the vertical rolling row B3 and the transverse rolling row B4, after a rock sample is unloaded, under the influence of self weight, the ball head bearing piece B1, the ball socket bearing piece B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the bearing partition plate B5 deviate from the original centering positions, and the centering springs B12 arranged around the ball head bearing piece B1, the ball socket bearing piece B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the bearing partition plate B5 generate tensile force or pressure, so that the ball head bearing piece B1, the ball socket bearing piece B2, the vertical rolling row B3, the transverse rolling row B4 and the bearing partition plate B5 are forced to recover to the centering positions, and convenience is created for subsequent loading.
As shown in fig. 10, the tension force transmission mechanism 19 includes a first transmission arm C1, a second transmission arm C2, a tension pad C3, a cement layer C4, and a tension force transmission member C5; one end of the first transmission arm C1 is fixedly connected with one end of the tensile force transmission piece C5 in a threaded manner, the other end of the tensile force transmission piece C5 is fixedly connected with the load measuring piece 16 in a threaded manner, the other end of the first transmission arm C1 is hinged with one end of the second transmission arm C2 through a pin shaft C7, and the first transmission arm C1 and the second transmission arm C2 have rotational freedom degree relative to the pin shaft C7 at the hinged point; the other end of the second transmission arm C2 is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the tension pad C3 in a threaded manner, and the inner surface of the tension pad C3 is fixedly cemented with the rock sample 17 through a cementing layer C4.
The first transmission arm C1 and the second transmission arm C2 are coaxially nested in each other, the pin C7 is inserted into the two hinge holes which are coaxially nested in each other, and the first transmission arm C1 and the second transmission arm C2 freely rotate around the pin C7 to eliminate stress concentration at the end of the loading process of the rock sample 17.
In this embodiment, the cementing layer C4 is made of acrylic structural adhesive, which needs to be uniformly coated between the contact surface of the tension pad C3 and the rock sample 17, and the acrylic structural adhesive has excellent adhesive properties to rock, metal and other materials, and has strong generalization ability, and the tensile strength test result shows that the adhesive strength of the acrylic structural adhesive to rock can reach more than 20MPa, which is greater than the tensile strength of most rocks.
As shown in fig. 11 to 12, the fully-interlocked loading pressing plate mechanism 20 includes an upper loading pressing plate D1, a lower loading pressing plate D2, a left loading pressing plate D3, a right loading pressing plate D4, a front loading pressing plate D5, and a rear loading pressing plate D6, the six loading pressing plates all adopt a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a fully-interlocked arrangement manner is adopted among the six loading pressing plates, the rock sample 17 is wrapped in the center by the six loading pressing plates arranged in a fully-interlocked manner, and an anti-friction layer is provided between the rock sample 17 and a contact surface of the six loading pressing plates; the upper loading pressing plate D1, the lower loading pressing plate D2, the left loading pressing plate D3, the right loading pressing plate D4, the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 are all made of high-strength transparent materials; an up-down direction body variation measuring piece D8 is connected between the upper loading pressing plate D1 and the lower loading pressing plate D2, a left-right direction body variation measuring piece D9 is connected between the left loading pressing plate D3 and the right loading pressing plate D4, a front-back direction body variation measuring piece D10 is connected between the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6, and the up-down direction body variation measuring piece D8, the left-right direction body variation measuring piece D9 and the front-back direction body variation measuring piece D10 are mutually and vertically distributed in space.
In this embodiment, the lengths of the upper loading pressing plate D1, the lower loading pressing plate D2, the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 are equal to the length of the rock sample D7, and the widths of the upper loading pressing plate D1, the lower loading pressing plate D2, the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 are equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample 17 and the thickness of the loading pressing plate; the lengths of the left loading pressing plate D3 and the right loading pressing plate D4 are equal to the width of the rock sample 17, and the widths of the left loading pressing plate D3 and the right loading pressing plate D4 are equal to the sum of the height of the rock sample 17 and the thickness of the loading pressing plate; the upper loading pressing plate D1 and the lower loading pressing plate D2 are arranged in parallel and staggered in the left-right direction and the up-down direction by the thickness of one loading pressing plate, and the parallel distance between the upper loading pressing plate D1 and the lower loading pressing plate D2 is the height of the rock sample 17; the left loading pressing plate D3 and the right loading pressing plate D4 are arranged in parallel, the distance of one loading pressing plate thickness is staggered in the up-down direction and the front-back direction, and the parallel distance between the left loading pressing plate D3 and the right loading pressing plate D4 is the length of the rock sample 17; the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 are arranged in parallel, the distance of one loading pressing plate thickness is staggered in the vertical direction and the left-right direction, and the parallel distance between the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 is the width of the rock sample 17; the antifriction layer between the contact surfaces of the rock sample 17 and the six loading press plates is made of vaseline or copper sheets; the high-strength transparent material for manufacturing the loading pressing plate can be made of transparent armor materials or toughened organic glass, so that the deformation damage process of the rock sample 17 can be observed by naked eyes or recorded by high-speed camera shooting; the up-down direction body variation measuring piece D8 is used for measuring the up-down direction deformation amount of the rock sample 17, the end part of the up-down direction body variation measuring piece D8 is connected to the side surface of the upper loading pressure plate D1 through a fixing piece, and the waist part of the up-down direction body variation measuring piece D8 is connected to the side surface of the front loading pressure plate D5 through a fixing piece; the end part of the left and right direction body variation measuring piece D9 is connected with the side surface of the left loading pressure plate D3 through a fixing piece, and the waist part of the left and right direction body variation measuring piece D9 is connected with the side surface of the lower loading pressure plate D2 through a fixing piece; the end of the front-rear direction body variation measuring piece D10 is connected to the side surface of the rear loading pressure plate D6 through a fixing piece, and the waist of the front-rear direction body variation measuring piece D10 is connected to the side surface of the right loading pressure plate D4 through a fixing piece.
An upper acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D11 is formed in the upper loading pressing plate D1, a lower acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D12 is formed in the lower loading pressing plate D2, a left acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D13 is formed in the left loading pressing plate D3, a right acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D14 is formed in the right loading pressing plate D4, a front acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D15 is formed in the front loading pressing plate D5, and a rear acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D16 is formed in the rear loading pressing plate D6; the upper acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D11, the lower acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D12, the left acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D13, the right acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D14, the front acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D15 and the rear acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole D16 are identical in structure and size and are T-shaped in cross section, the acoustic emission collecting piece mounting holes with the T-shaped cross sections are through holes in the directions towards the inner surface and the side surface of the loading pressing plate, and the acoustic emission collecting piece mounting holes with the T-shaped cross sections are blind holes in the directions towards the outer surface of the loading pressing plate; therefore, the outer surface of the loading pressing plate can be uniformly stressed, and meanwhile, the acoustic emission collecting part is prevented from being damaged in the loading process.
Temporary connecting frames D17 and temporary connecting bolts D18 are mounted among the upper loading pressing plate D1, the lower loading pressing plate D2, the left loading pressing plate D3, the right loading pressing plate D4, the front loading pressing plate D5 and the rear loading pressing plate D6 and are used for assisting in assembling of the rock test sample D7.
The use process of the full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism 20 is as follows: uniformly adhering an antifriction layer to the inner surfaces of an upper loading pressing plate D1, a lower loading pressing plate D2, a left loading pressing plate D3, a right loading pressing plate D4, a front loading pressing plate D5 and a rear loading pressing plate D6, and reserving the positions of mounting holes of an acoustic emission acquisition part; fixedly connecting a lower loading pressing plate D2, a right loading pressing plate D4 and a front loading pressing plate D5 together through a temporary connecting frame D17 and a temporary connecting bolt D18 to form a half-clad assembly, then placing the rock sample 17 into the half-clad assembly, and enabling the rock sample 17 to be tightly attached to the inner surfaces of the three loading pressing plates in the half-clad assembly; fixedly connecting an upper loading pressing plate D1, a left loading pressing plate D3 and a rear loading pressing plate D6 together through a temporary connecting frame D17 and a temporary connecting bolt D18 to form another half-coated combination body, then buckling the half-coated combination body with the rock sample 17 placed in front, and then connecting the two half-coated combination bodies into a whole by using a temporary connecting frame D17 and a temporary connecting bolt D18 to form a sample pressing plate combination body; placing the sample pressing plate assembly in a true triaxial testing machine, and applying a pretightening force not more than 5 kN; finally, all temporary connecting frames D17 and temporary connecting bolts D18 on the sample pressing plate combination body are detached, and then the true triaxial loading test can be carried out.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial testing machine integrated with compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading is characterized in that: the hydraulic support comprises a bottom plate, a first pressure-bearing base, a second pressure-bearing base, an outer frame, an inner frame, a first electric cylinder actuator, a second electric cylinder actuator, a third electric cylinder actuator, a fourth electric cylinder actuator and a fifth electric cylinder actuator; the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate side by side; the outer frame is in a square shape, and is formed by adopting an integral casting structure and machining; the outer frame is positioned in a gap between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, an outer frame guide rail is fixedly arranged on a bottom plate between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, the outer frame guide rail is of a parallel double-rail structure, an outer frame guide wheel is arranged at the bottom of the outer frame, the outer frame is arranged on the outer frame guide rail through the outer frame guide wheel, and the outer frame can linearly move along the outer frame guide rail; an inner frame guide rail is connected between the first pressure-bearing base and the second pressure-bearing base, the inner frame guide rail adopts a parallel double-track structure, and the inner frame guide rail penetrates through a middle square hole of the outer frame; the shape of the inner frame is square, and the inner frame is formed by adopting an integral casting structure and a machining mode; an inner frame guide wheel is installed at the bottom of the inner frame, the inner frame is arranged on an inner frame guide rail through the inner frame guide wheel, and the inner frame can move linearly along the inner frame guide rail; the first electric cylinder actuator, the second electric cylinder actuator, the third electric cylinder actuator and the fourth electric cylinder actuator are sequentially arranged on a top cross beam, a bottom cross beam, a left vertical beam and a right vertical beam of the inner frame, the fifth electric cylinder actuator is arranged on a front vertical beam of the outer frame, and a rear vertical beam of the outer frame is used as a reaction column; a unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism is arranged on the left vertical beam of the inner frame, and the third electric cylinder actuator is connected with the left vertical beam of the inner frame through the unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism; load measuring pieces are respectively arranged on the end parts of the piston rods of the first electric cylinder actuator, the second electric cylinder actuator, the third electric cylinder actuator, the fourth electric cylinder actuator and the fifth electric cylinder actuator and on the rear vertical beam of the outer frame, and a compression force transmission mechanism or a tension force transmission mechanism is respectively arranged between the rock sample and the six load measuring pieces; when the rock sample is subjected to a compression test, the rock sample is clamped through the full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism.
2. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 1, wherein: the unidirectional quick electromagnetic unloading mechanism comprises a first electromagnet, a second electromagnet, a first electromagnet mounting seat, a second electromagnet mounting seat and a restraint disc; an unloading mechanism mounting hole is formed in the left vertical beam of the inner frame; the first electromagnet mounting seat is of a cylindrical structure, a cylinder wall is arranged at a cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, the cylinder wall is not arranged at the other side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, the first electromagnet mounting seat is fixedly arranged in the unloading mechanism mounting hole through a bolt, the cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is provided with the cylinder wall, faces the center of the middle square hole of the inner frame, and the cylinder opening at one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is not provided with the cylinder wall, faces the outside of the frame; the first electromagnet is of an annular structure, is fixedly arranged on the first electromagnet mounting seat through a bolt and is coaxially arranged with the first electromagnet mounting seat; the restraint plate is in an annular structure, is positioned outside a cylinder opening on one side of the first electromagnet mounting seat, which is not provided with the cylinder wall, is fixedly arranged on a left vertical beam of the inner frame through a bolt, and is coaxially arranged with the first electromagnet mounting seat; the second electromagnet mounting seat is in a circular structure and is positioned between the restraint disc and the first electromagnet, the second electromagnet mounting seat has axial movement freedom between the restraint disc and the first electromagnet, and the maximum distance between the second electromagnet mounting seat and the first electromagnet is set as an unloading gap; the second electromagnet mounting seat and the first electromagnet are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet is of an annular structure and is fixedly arranged on the second electromagnet mounting seat through a bolt, the second electromagnet is opposite to the first electromagnet, and the second electromagnet mounting seat are coaxially arranged; the second electromagnet mounting seat is fixedly sleeved on a cylinder body of a third electric cylinder actuator, a piston rod through hole is formed in the center of the cylinder wall of the opening of the first electromagnet mounting seat, and a piston rod of the third electric cylinder actuator penetrates through the piston rod through hole and is fixedly connected with the load measuring part; the first electromagnet mounting seat and the second electromagnet mounting seat are both made of magnetism isolating materials.
3. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 2, wherein: an anti-friction material layer is additionally arranged on the inner surface of the lateral cylinder wall of the first electromagnet mounting seat, and the second electromagnet mounting seat is in sliding contact fit with the anti-friction material layer; the inner surface of the restraint plate is additionally provided with a buffer layer, the buffer layer is made of a spring pad or a rubber pad, and kinetic energy of the second electromagnet, the second electromagnet mounting seat and the third electric cylinder actuator during unloading is eliminated through the buffer layer so as to reduce impact force on the inner frame.
4. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 2, wherein: the coil of the first electromagnet and the coil of the second electromagnet are both connected with a power supply through the unloading controller, and the magnitude and the direction of current in the coil of the first electromagnet and the coil of the second electromagnet are regulated and controlled through the unloading controller, so that the magnitude and the direction of electromagnetic force of the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet are regulated and controlled.
5. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 1, wherein: the compression force transmission mechanism comprises a ball head bearing part, a ball socket bearing part, a vertical rolling row, a transverse rolling row, a bearing partition plate, a bearing base and a bearing force transmission part; one end of the ball head bearing part is a ball head end, the other end of the ball head bearing part is a plane end, one end of the ball socket bearing part is a ball socket end, and the other end of the ball socket bearing part is a plane end; the ball head end of the ball head pressure bearing part is in abutting contact fit with the ball socket end of the ball socket pressure bearing part, oil film lubrication is adopted between the ball head end of the ball head pressure bearing part and the ball socket end of the ball socket pressure bearing part, and the plane end of the ball head pressure bearing part is in abutting contact fit with the loading pressure plate; the plane end of the ball socket pressure-bearing part is in abutting fit with one side surface of the pressure-bearing partition plate through a vertical rolling row, the other side surface of the pressure-bearing partition plate is in abutting fit with one side surface of the pressure-bearing base through a transverse rolling row, one end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting part is connected with the other side surface of the pressure-bearing base through a thread, and the other end of the pressure-bearing force-transmitting part is in threaded connection with the load measuring part.
6. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 5, wherein: the vertical rolling row and the transverse rolling row have the same structure and respectively comprise a plurality of cylindrical rollers and rolling row frames, the plurality of cylindrical rollers are embedded in the rolling row frames in parallel, and the diameters of the cylindrical rollers are larger than the thicknesses of the rolling row frames; the cylindrical rollers in the vertical rolling row are vertical to the cylindrical rollers in the transverse rolling row; the shape of the rolling frame is rectangular; the sliding friction force in the vertical direction between the ball head pressure-bearing part and the loading pressure plate is eliminated through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the vertical rolling row; the sliding friction force between the ball head pressure-bearing piece and the loading pressure plate in the horizontal direction is eliminated through the rolling of the cylindrical rollers in the transverse rolling row; centering springs are arranged between the ball head bearing part, the ball socket bearing part, the rolling row frame of the vertical rolling row, the rolling row frame of the transverse rolling row and the bearing partition plate as well as the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe along the circumferential direction, the centering springs are used for offsetting the dead weight of the ball head bearing part, the ball socket bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the bearing partition plate, and the ball head bearing part is kept in a reset centering state before loading.
7. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 5, wherein: a plurality of tension fixing springs are connected between the ball bearing piece and the bearing base and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the ball bearing piece, the ball socket bearing piece, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row, the bearing partition plate and the bearing base are sequentially pressed together along the axial direction through the tension fixing springs, and two ends of each tension fixing spring are fixedly connected with the ball bearing piece and the bearing base through spring fixing pieces; an upper brake shoe and a lower brake shoe are fixedly arranged on the pressure-bearing base through bolts, the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe are symmetrically distributed on the pressure-bearing base, the ball head pressure-bearing part, the ball socket pressure-bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the pressure-bearing partition plate are wrapped in the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe, and the movement of the ball head pressure-bearing part, the ball socket pressure-bearing part, the vertical rolling row, the transverse rolling row and the pressure-bearing partition plate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is braked through the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe; the plane end of the ball head pressure-bearing part extends out of the upper brake shoe and the lower brake shoe to be in abutting contact fit with the loading pressure plate.
8. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 1, wherein: the stretching force transmission mechanism comprises a first force transmission arm, a second force transmission arm, a stretching cushion block, a cementing layer and a tensile force transmission piece; one end of the first force transmission arm is fixedly connected with one end of the tensile force transmission part in a threaded manner, the other end of the tensile force transmission part is fixedly connected with the load measuring part in a threaded manner, the other end of the first force transmission arm is hinged with one end of the second force transmission arm through a pin shaft, and the first force transmission arm and the second force transmission arm have rotational freedom degrees relative to the pin shaft at the hinged point; the other end of the second force transmission arm is fixedly connected with the outer surface of the stretching cushion block in a threaded manner, and the inner surface of the stretching cushion block is fixedly cemented with the rock sample through a cementing layer; the hinge holes of the first transmission arm and the second transmission arm are coaxially nested, the pin shaft is inserted into the two hinge holes which are coaxially nested, and the first transmission arm and the second transmission arm freely rotate around the pin shaft to eliminate stress concentration at the end part of the rock sample in the loading process.
9. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 1, wherein: the full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism comprises an upper loading pressing plate, a lower loading pressing plate, a left loading pressing plate, a right loading pressing plate, a front loading pressing plate and a rear loading pressing plate, the six loading pressing plates are all in a cuboid structure, a full-interlocking arrangement mode is adopted among the six loading pressing plates, a rock sample is wrapped in the center by the six loading pressing plates in the full-interlocking arrangement mode, and an anti-friction layer is arranged between the rock sample and the contact surfaces of the six loading pressing plates; the upper loading pressing plate, the lower loading pressing plate, the left loading pressing plate, the right loading pressing plate, the front loading pressing plate and the rear loading pressing plate are all made of high-strength transparent materials; the device comprises an upper loading pressure plate, a lower loading pressure plate, a left loading pressure plate, a right loading pressure plate, a front loading pressure plate, a rear loading pressure plate, an upper and lower direction body-variable measuring piece, a left and right direction body-variable measuring piece, a front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece and a front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece, wherein the upper loading pressure plate and the lower loading pressure plate are connected with each other, the left and right direction body-variable measuring piece and the front and rear direction body-variable measuring piece are connected with each other between the left loading pressure plate and.
10. The high-rigidity soft rock true triaxial tester integrating compression-tension-electromagnetic unloading according to claim 9, wherein: an upper acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the upper loading pressing plate, a lower acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the lower loading pressing plate, a left acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the left loading pressing plate, a right acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the right loading pressing plate, a front acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the front loading pressing plate, and a rear acoustic emission collecting part mounting hole is formed in the rear loading pressing plate; the upper acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the lower acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the left acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the right acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole, the front acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole and the rear acoustic emission collecting piece mounting hole are identical in structure and size, and are T-shaped in cross section; temporary connecting frames and temporary connecting bolts are arranged among the upper loading pressing plate, the lower loading pressing plate, the left loading pressing plate, the right loading pressing plate, the front loading pressing plate and the rear loading pressing plate and are used for assisting in assembling the rock sample.
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